OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemiological characteristics of head injuries in children.

METHODSData was derived from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) in 2014. Method on descriptive analysis was applied to depict general information, injuries events and clinical characteristics of head injuries among children under 18 years of age.

RESULTSA total number of 47 690 cases with child head injuries in 2014 were collected, including 32 542 males and 15 148 females. 43.47% of them were under 1-4 years of age. In October, 06:00 PM appeared the peak time for the injuries to happen. The three leading causes responsible for child head injuries were falls (69.57%), hit by blunt force (14.23%) or road traffic (11.01%). Main locations responsible for the head injuries to happen were:at home (44.98%), at public places (19.65%) or on roads/streets (15.81%). Recreation activates (77.88%), driving (7.32%), sports (5.72%) were the three major activities causing the injuries to take place. Majority of the cases happened unintentionally (95.35%), with bruise (71.69%) or mild injuries (85.27%) and went back home after treatment (90.25%).

CONCLUSIONSIn 2014, child head injuries were seen more in males than in females and mostly occured at home. The leading causes for head injuries would include falls, hit by blunt stuff or road traffic .

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; statistics & numerical data ; Automobile Driving ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; epidemiology ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Recreation ; Sports ; Transportation ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo review the treatment of repair gastroschisis with autogenous umbilical cord in 13-year and evaluate its effect.

METHODSTwenty-two newborns who underwent the repair gastroschisis with autogenous umbilical cord between 1992 and 2005. The physical growth, intelligence measuring, area of operation in abdomen in the survived 18 cases were observed and followed-up.

RESULTSEighteen patients recovered uneventfully, survival rate is 82%, their growth is well. They all developed incisional hernia near the operation, 9 cases recovered himself, 2 cases was operated to repair the abdominal hernia, 7 cases is under observed.

CONCLUSIONSThe material is adopted easily in the operating, autogenous umbilical cord is elastic tissue and no toxicity could relax the abdominal press effectively after the operation, the survival rate is high.

Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastroschisis ; surgery ; Hernia, Ventral ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Umbilical Cord ; transplantation

Objective: To analyze and compare the disease burden of falls in Chinese population aged 0-19, in 1990 and 2017. Methods: Indicators including number of deaths, mortality rates, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted of life years (DALY), on falls, were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 and used to describe the disease burden and corresponding parameters on falls, between 1990 and 2017, in China. Results: In 2017, number of death, YLLs, YLDs, DALYs caused by falls were 5 321, 0.43 million person years, 0.14 million person years and 0.57 million person years respectively, among aged 0-19 group. Rates on standardized mortality, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs on falls were 1.76/100 000, 141.49/100 000, 46.99/100 000, and 188.48/100 000, respectively. The burden of falls decreased with the increase of age. Compared with 1990, disease burden of falls decreased in all age groups, both in male and female, with more seen in the lower age groups. Compared with 1990, the number of deaths, rates on YLLs, YLDs and DALYs caused by falls decreased by 65.08%, 46.63%, 47.38% and 36.33% respectively, in 2017. However, the YLDs rate increased by 73.31% between 1990 and 2017. The ratio of YLLs to DALYs decreased from 90.84% in 1990 to 75.07% in 2017, with a proportion as 17.36%. Conclusion Compared with 1990, although the disease burden of falls among aged 0-19 group showed a decreasing trend, falls still caused serious disease burden for the aged 0-19 group. Research that targeting prevention on falls, should be continued.

Objective: To understand the current situation of road traffic injuries among primary and secondary school students in Mengzi city. Methods: Using the cluster random sampling method, more than 9 000 primary and secondary school students from 20 primary and secondary schools in Mengzi city, were randomly sampled. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the occurrence of road traffic injuries in school students. Results: A total of 9 197 students were surveyed, including 150 from road traffic injuries. The incidence rates of road traffic injuries was 1.63% among students in Mengzi city and 2.85% among junior high school students, with the high incidence in May. The leading places of injuries were village roads (38.00%), city roads (33.33%) and district roads (12.67%), respectively. 26.67% of the traffic injuries occurred on the way to or from schools, with riding on electric bicycle (52.00%) as the major cause and contusion/abrasion (75.33%) appeared as the major signs. Both lower and upper limbs plus multiple parts were accounting for 45.51%, 22.16% and 16.17%, respectively of all the injuries. 70.67% of all the cases with road traffic injuries in children, recovered after treatment. Children with road traffic injuries would stay in the hospital for up to 90 days but spent less than 30 000 Yuan. Conclusion The incidence of road traffic injuries among students in Mengzi city seemed relatively high, with junior high school students reached the highest. Riding electric bicycle appeared as the leading cause for traffic injuries in children in Mengzi city of Yunnan province.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension in Songnan community so as to provide evidence for the early prevention of hypertension.Methods Cluster sampling was employed,and questionnaire survey was performed in 10 185 residents aged above 40 years in Songnan community of Baoshan District.The questionnaires involved with hypertension and associated risk factors.Results The prevalence of hypertension was 49.9% in Songnan community of Baoshan District,and that of men was significantly higher than that of women(53.7% vs 47.3%)(P

Objective To identify differentially expressed proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Parkinson's disease (PD), so as to provide clues for investigating PD biomarkers. Methods Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) technique, in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), was used to determine the differentially expressed CSF proteins in PD patients in comparison with control subjects. Results The levels of 20 protein spots were significantly altered in PD CSF. Of them, 11 spots were up-regulated and 9 spots were down-regulated. Of the 8 proteins identified in the profile of differentially expressed protein spots between patients and controls, an isoform of apolipoprotein A-I, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1), and 3 unknown proteins were down-regulated, whereas an apolipoprotein A-I isoform, proapolipoprotein, and lipoprotein were up-regulated. Conclusions MYPT1 is related with synapse function and proapolipoprotein, lipoprotein and apo A-I are associated with cholesterol metabolism. These proteins may have links with the pathogenesis of PD and may be identified as CSF biomarks in PD.

Objective To explore the effect and heaviness of smoking on the routine parameters of semen quality.Methods A total of 727 eligible subjects including 421 smokers and 306 nonsmokers were selected in 2004-2006 in Hebei,Shanxi,Guizhou,Zhejiang and Shandong provinces.Data on background information,general demographic characteristics,exposure to smoking and related confounding factors were obtained through a questionnaire survey.Semen samples of all the subjects were collected during the period of study.Parameters of semen were examined according to the manual recommended by WHO.Results Four models from the multiple logistic regression regarding the semen routine parameters were used as the dependent variables to be fitted in descending order respectively,while six confounders including area,age,abstinence time,education level,history of alcohol intake and the exposure to pesticides atc.,were adjusted.Results showed that smoking could affect the sperm viability,with significantly higher proportion of abnormal sperm viability seen in the smoking group (OR= 1.77,95％ CI:1.12-2.80).Proportions regarding the abnormal mobility and morphology of sperms in the smoking group were also significantly higher than in the control group,with OR values as 1.51 (95％CI:1.00-2.27) and 2.55 (95％CI:1.68-3.88) respectively.The density of sperms was significantly decreased in the smoking groups who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day (OR= 1.70,95％CI:1.05-2.76) or the total numbers of cigarette consumption exceeding 150 000(OR=1.84,95％CI:1.03-3.29).Conclusion Smoking showed adverse effects on the quality of semens,especially for heavy or long-term smokers.

Tissue engineering, as a new technology, provides a new avenue for the reconstruction of circumferential tracheal defects, which has always been a tremendous challenge for surgeons around the world. Recently, technologies such as decellularization, 3-dimensional printing, electrospinning and cell sheet have significantly enhanced the chondrification. Implantation of epithelial cells or transplantation of epithelial cell sheets also has accelerated the process of epithelialization. And pedicle muscle flap proved to be a reliable strategy for vascularization of tissue-engineered trachea. But it is still a huge challenge to achieve circumferential tracheal functional reconstruction. The key difficulty lies in how to simultaneously realize the functional regeneration of cartilage, blood vessels and epithelial tissues of tissue-engineered trachea. Therefore, how to integrate the above schemes and finally realize segmental tracheal reconstruction needs further research. This article reviews the research progress of repairing circumferential tracheal defects based on tissue engineering technology.
Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Trachea/surgery*

Objective To analyze the burden and changes caused by burns among Chinese population,from 1990 to 2013.Methods Using the G20 data and the China national and subnational data from GBD2013,this study deemed to comprehensively show the burden caused by burns and the change from 1990 to 2013,using the indicators of death and DALY.Results In 2013,the standardized mortality of burns in Chinese was 0.88/100 000,with the standardized DALY rate of burn as 30.58/100 000.The ratio of DALY between males and females was 1.85 ∶ 1.Among the G20 countries,China ranked 16 for the standardized DALY rate,according to the top down order.The highest death rate was seen in the age group of 70 and over,followed by age group of 5,which had the highest DALY rate and followed by the 70 or older age group.In different provinces,Guizhou presented the highest DALY rate (50.24/100 000),with Aomen area the lowest (6.16/100 000).From 1990 to 2013,the burden of burn reduced generally.Both the standardized rates on death and DALY reduced by 68.10％ and 76.95％ respectively,more in females than in males.Standardized rates on death and DALY reduced among all the age groups,with the rates of reduction increasing by age.From 1990 to 2013,the DALY rate decreased in all the provinces.Conclusions The burden of burn decreased in Chinese population during 1990-2013.However,the burden of burn among children,elderly and males were still relatively high that called for closer attention.

Objective To explore the disease burden of road injuries in China.Methods The results of Global Burden of Disease 2013 including death rate,disability-adjusted of life years (DALY),years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL),years lived with disability (YLD),were used to describe the burden caused by road injuries in 2013 and the trends from 1990 to 2013,in China.Results In 2013,there were 313 676 deaths caused by traffic accidents in China.Death rate,rates on DALY,YLL and YLD were 22.52 per 100 000,1 076.54 per 100 000,971.21 per 100 000 and 105.34 per 100 000,respectively.Rates on deaths,YLL and YLD appeared higher in males,pedestrians than in females and other types of road travelers.Burden of injuries caused by traffic accidents was seen higher in those aged 15 to 49-year-old.From 1990 to 2013,the overall death rate on road injuries increased by 0.54 per 100 000 in China,with an increase of 2.34 per 100 000 and 0.81 per 100 000,respectively in males and pedestrians.The rates on DALY,YLL and YLD decreased by 164.21 per 100 000,115.06 per 100 000 and 49.06 per 100 000,respectively.Conclusions During the past 20 years,achievements had been made on road injury prevention and control,with the decrease of disease burden caused by road accidents.Males,young adults and pedestrians should be called for more attention to prevent road injuries.