2.Advances in pathologic diagnosis of lymphoma.
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2005;34(6):322-324
3.Epstein-Barr virus latent genes.
Myung Soo KANG ; Elliott KIEFF
Experimental & Molecular Medicine 2015;47(1):e131-
Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has a substantial role in causing many human disorders. The persistence of these viral genomes in all malignant cells, yet with the expression of limited latent genes, is consistent with the notion that EBV latent genes are important for malignant cell growth. While the EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) and latent membrane protein-2A (LMP-2A) are critical, the EBNA-leader proteins, EBNA-2, EBNA-3A, EBNA-3C and LMP-1, are individually essential for in vitro transformation of primary B cells to lymphoblastoid cell lines. EBV-encoded RNAs and EBNA-3Bs are dispensable. In this review, the roles of EBV latent genes are summarized.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications/virology
;
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics/metabolism
;
*Genes, Viral
;
Herpesvirus 4, Human/*physiology
;
Humans
;
MicroRNAs/genetics
;
Neoplasms/etiology
;
Protein Binding
;
RNA, Viral/genetics
;
Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics/metabolism
;
*Virus Latency
4.The entry of Epstein-Barr virus into B lymphocytes and epithelial cells during infection.
Lie-Lian ZUO ; Mei-Juan ZHU ; Shu-Juan DU ; Jian-Hong LU ; Gui-Yuan LI
Chinese Journal of Virology 2014;30(4):476-482
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with important human diseases, including infectious mononucleosis syndrome, malignant lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mechanism of EBV entry into host cells remains a subject of intensive research. After decades of study, researchers have identified several key proteins and different patterns of EBV intrusion into host cells. The viral surface glycoproteins, gp350/220, gp42, gB, gH, and gL, are involved in interactions with the CR2 receptor on the surface of B lymphocytes during viral entry. However, the majority of epithelial cells lack CR2 receptor expression, which makes viral invasion much more complex than in B lymphocytes. Three different models have been proposed to explain how EBV enters epithelial cells: (1) "transfer of infection", mediated by B lymphocytes or Langerhans cells; (2) EBV utilizes its own proteins during the process of fusion with the cell membrane; and (3) progeny virions arising from EBV-infected epithelial cells cross lateral membranes into adjacent epithelial cells. This review will discuss the relevant mechanism of viral entry into B lymphocytes and epithelial cells during EBV infection.
Animals
;
B-Lymphocytes
;
virology
;
Epithelial Cells
;
virology
;
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
;
virology
;
Herpesvirus 4, Human
;
genetics
;
physiology
;
Humans
;
Viral Proteins
;
genetics
;
metabolism
;
Virus Internalization
5.Research Advances in Target Genes of Epstein-Barr Virus-encoded MicroRNAs.
Liwei GAO ; Junhong AI ; Zhengde XIE ; Kunling SHEN
Chinese Journal of Virology 2016;32(2):229-234
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma herpes virus associated with several types of malignancies. The EBV encodes viral microRNAs (miRNAs) that can target genes within cells. The EBV participates in signal transduction as well as the proliferation and differentiation of cells. How the target genes and functions of EBV-encoded miRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of EBV is an important research topic. Some target genes have been validated since EBV-encoded miRNAs were discovered and, in this article, we summarize them and their functions.
Animals
;
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
;
genetics
;
metabolism
;
virology
;
Herpesvirus 4, Human
;
genetics
;
physiology
;
Humans
;
MicroRNAs
;
genetics
;
metabolism
;
RNA, Viral
;
genetics
;
metabolism
6.Performance of the Real-Q EBV Quantification Kit for Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Quantification in Whole Blood.
Hee Jae HUH ; Jong Eun PARK ; Ji Youn KIM ; Sun Ae YUN ; Myoung Keun LEE ; Nam Yong LEE ; Jong Won KIM ; Chang Seok KI
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2017;37(2):147-150
There has been increasing interest in standardized and quantitative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA testing for the management of EBV disease. We evaluated the performance of the Real-Q EBV Quantification Kit (BioSewoom, Korea) in whole blood (WB). Nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR were performed by using the MagNA Pure 96 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) and 7500 Fast real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, USA), respectively. Assay sensitivity, linearity, and conversion factor were determined by using the World Health Organization international standard diluted in EBV-negative WB. We used 81 WB clinical specimens to compare performance of the Real-Q EBV Quantification Kit and artus EBV RG PCR Kit (Qiagen, Germany). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Real-Q kit were 453 and 750 IU/mL, respectively. The conversion factor from EBV genomic copies to IU was 0.62. The linear range of the assay was from 750 to 10⁶ IU/mL. Viral load values measured with the Real-Q assay were on average 0.54 log₁₀ copies/mL higher than those measured with the artus assay. The Real-Q assay offered good analytical performance for EBV DNA quantification in WB.
DNA, Viral/*blood/metabolism
;
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis/virology
;
Herpesvirus 4, Human/*genetics/isolation & purification
;
Humans
;
Limit of Detection
;
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
;
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
8.Expression Profile and Clinical Significance of Cytokines and Chemokines in Patients with Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.
Ying GAO ; Yan ZHENG ; Wei-Hua ZHANG ; Yu LI
Journal of Experimental Hematology 2023;31(1):268-273
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the cytokine/chemokine profile in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and assess the prognostic value of survival.
METHODS:
Serum levels of thirty-eight cytokines/chemokines were measured by multiple cytokine assay kit in EBV-related HLH patients, EBV-infected patients, and controls. The expression profile of cytokines/chemokines was compared among groups. The changes of cytokine/chemokine expression in active and remission stage of EBV-related HLH patients were also compared, and the prognostic values for survival were evaluated.
RESULTS:
Serum levels of interferon-α2 (IFN-α2), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-7 in EBV-related HLH patients were 33.67(23.23-68.78) pg/ml, (74.95±25.53) pg/ml, and 35.35(19.50-63.55) pg/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in EBV-infected patients[IFN-α2: 16.07(9.87-29.63); IL-6: 55.91±20.29; IL-7: 20.40(13.35-31.40)] and controls [IFN-α2: 11.02(4.67-21.25); IL-6:42.64±13.41; IL-7: 16.95(14.95-33.78)](all P<0.05). Serum levels of IL-8, IL-9, and marcophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in EBV-related HLH patients were 11.00(7.50-15.27) pg/ml, 81.30(40.79-111.0) pg/ml, and (512.6±128.7) pg/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in controls [IL-8: 6.80(5.56-8.38); IL-9: 41.30(29.82-67.91); MDC: 384.1±156.6](all P<0.05), but there was no remarkable differences compared with EBV-infected patients (P>0.05). Serum IFN-α2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, and MDC in survival and death groups of EBV-related HLH patients were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve with area under curve of 0.781, 0.778, 0.633, 0.805, 0.562, and 0.657, respectively (P=0.019, 0.021, 0.269, 0.015, 0.607, and 0.190). IFN-α2, IL-6, and IL-8 had good predictive effect on survival. Serum level of IFN-α2, IL-6, and MDC of EBV-related HLH patients in remission stage were significantly lower than those in active stage (P<0.05), while IL-7, IL-8, and IL-9 were not different (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION
IFN-α2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, and MDC may take part in the pathogenesis of EBV-related HLH.
Humans
;
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/complications*
;
Herpesvirus 4, Human
;
Cytokines/metabolism*
;
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications*
;
Interleukin-6
;
Clinical Relevance
;
Interleukin-7
;
Interleukin-8
;
Interleukin-9
;
Chemokines
;
Interferons
9.Sinonasal primary extramedullary solitary plasmacytoma with Epstein-Barr virus infection: report of a case.
Yan-fen FENG ; Qiu-liang WU ; Yong-sheng ZONG ; Qiong SHAO
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2007;36(10):711-712
Antibodies, Monoclonal
;
metabolism
;
CD79 Antigens
;
metabolism
;
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
;
Herpesvirus 4, Human
;
isolation & purification
;
Humans
;
Immunoglobulin G
;
metabolism
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Nose Neoplasms
;
metabolism
;
pathology
;
therapy
;
virology
;
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
;
metabolism
;
pathology
;
therapy
;
virology
;
Plasmacytoma
;
metabolism
;
pathology
;
therapy
;
virology
10.Correlation of Epstein-Barr virus infection and childhood lymphoma.
Zheng-De XIE ; Lin WANG ; Di LU ; Chun-Ju ZHOU ; Kun-Ling SHEN
Chinese Journal of Oncology 2008;30(5):365-367
OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and childhood lymphoma.
METHODSParaffin-embedded specimens of lymphoma collected between 1996 and 2005, including 36 Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) and 51 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), were included in this study. Paraffin-embedded specimens of reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes (RL) collected during the same period were used as controls. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assay was used to detect EBV-LMP1 and in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect EBV-EBERs.
RESULTSEBV was detected in 72.2% (26/36) of the Hodgkin lymphomas, 15.7% (8/51) of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas and 33.3% (15/45) of the reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes. There was a significant difference among Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and RL (P = 0. 000).
CONCLUSIONChildhood Hodgkin lymphoma is closely correlated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. However, the low rate of EBV infection detected in childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma might be due to heterogeneous distribution of pathological types in this study.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; metabolism ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Hodgkin Disease ; complications ; metabolism ; virology ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; complications ; metabolism ; virology ; Male ; Pseudolymphoma ; complications ; metabolism ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; metabolism