Animals ; Bites and Stings ; virology ; Cats ; Child ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphadenitis ; diagnosis ; virology ; Male

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesviridae Infections ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; classification ; immunology ; pathology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV) in children and to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CAEBV.

METHODSThe clinical data of 13 children with CAEBV, as well as 15 cases of acute EBV infection (AEBV) as controls, were analyzed, including clinical manifestations, EBV antibodies, EBV DNA, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets.

RESULTSBoth groups of patients had infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms such as fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenectasis, but CAEBV patients had a longer course of disease and continuous and recurrent symptoms. Compared with the AEBV group, the CAEBV group had a significantly higher EBV DNA load in peripheral blood (P<0.05), a significantly higher VCA-IgG titer (P<0.05), and significantly lower numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, B cells, total T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood (P<0.05). Among 13 CAEBV patients followed up, 8 cases died, 2 cases showed an improvement, 2 cases had a recurrence, and 1 case was lost to follow-up after being transferred to another hospital. All the AEBV patients were cured and had no recurrence during the one-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSThe clinical manifestations of CAEBV vary in children. It is difficult to distinguish CAEBV from AEBV early. More attention should be paid to CAEBV because of its severe complications, poor prognosis, and high mortality. Measurement of EBV DNA load, VCA-IgG titer, and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood may be helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CAEBV.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; immunology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Male

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma is a relatively uncommon type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is prevalently distributed in Asia and South America, and is highly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Due to its highly aggressive course and poor response to treatment because of its multi-drug resistance, for the timebeing there is not yet a definite treatment strategy. The clinical manifestation, pathological diagnosis and the progress of treatment methods of ENTNKCL are reviewed below.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; diagnosis ; therapy ; virology

Acute viral hepatitis in human can be caused by a large number of viruses with a wide range of clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. EBV is a rare causative agent of an acute hepatitis, during the course of infectious mononucleosis. Hepatic manifestations of EBV are usually mild and resolve without serious complications. EBV is rather uncommonly confirmed as an etiologic agent in acute viral hepatitis of adults and it rarely causes cholestatic hepatitis. We report a case of EBV hepatitis with cholestatic feature that was verified through serum viral marker and liver biopsy.
Male ; Humans ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/complications/diagnosis/*virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications/*diagnosis ; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/diagnosis/*virology ; Adult ; Acute Disease

No abstract available.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/*complications/diagnosis ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Follicular/complications ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*complications/diagnosis/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *T-Lymphocytes/pathology/virology

OBJECTIVESTo examine the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in primary lung carcinoma tissue, and to investigate the relationship between EBV infection and tumorigenesis of lung cancer.

METHODSFormalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung tissue specimens from surgically resected lung carcinoma tissues of 108 cases treated in Tanshan area from 2001 to 2006, which were confirmed further by histopathological examination after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, were used to observe the EBV encoded RNA-1 (EBER1) using in situ hybridization (ISH).

RESULTSEBER1 was detected in 36 of the 108 primary lung carcinoma cases, and in 1 of the 22 normal lung tissues. The positive rates of EBV infection in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma were 35.9%, 31.6% 31.0%, 1/2, respectively. Gender, age and clinicohistopathological type were not found to have any correlation with EBER1 expression, but EBER1 expression in groups of cases with poorly and moderately differentiated carcinomas was significantly higher than those in the group of cases with well differentiated carcinoma, and the EBER1 expression in the right lung was higher than in the left lung.

CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of EBV infection in this series of patients from Tangshan area was 33.3%, the results suggest that there is a relationship between EBV infection and the occurrence of the primary lung carcinoma, EBV infection might be one of the potential causes to induce lung cancer.

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; methods ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; genetics

Chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) without previous immunodeficiency or immuno-suppressive therapy is relatively rare. Severe chronic active EBV (SCAEBV) infection was reported for the first time in 1984 as 'chronic mononucleosis syndrome', and diagnostic criteria were proposed. It is characterized by clinical features including fever, severe hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, hematologic features such as anemia and thrombocytopenia, and elevated antibody titers to EBV. We experienced a 21-year-old woman who initially presented with fever and chronic fatigue; however, no definite diagnosis could be made at the time of admission. Three months after the initial admission, there was evidence of only splenomegaly and the patient had persistent, multiple, paraaortic lymphadenopathies in abdominal CT. Diagnostic splenectomy was performed, and SCAEBV infection with T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder was ultimately diagnosed.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/*complications/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*diagnosis/pathology/virology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Splenectomy ; *T-Lymphocytes ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, affecting >90% of the adult population. EBV targets B-lymphocytes and achieves latent infection in a circular episomal form. Different latency patterns are recognized based on latent gene expression pattern. Latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) mimics CD40 and, when self-aggregated, provides a proliferation signal via activating the nuclear factor-kappa B, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways to promote cellular proliferation. LMP-1 also induces BCL-2 to escape from apoptosis and gives a signal for cell cycle progression by enhancing cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and by inhibiting p16 and p27. LMP-2A blocks the surface immunoglobulin-mediated lytic cycle reactivation. It also activates the Ras/PI3K/Akt pathway and induces Bcl-xL expression to promote B-cell survival. Recent studies have shown that ebv-microRNAs can provide extra signals for cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression and anti-apoptosis. EBV is well known for association with various types of B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, epithelial cell and mesenchymal cell neoplasms. B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of diseases, from benign to malignant. Here we review our current understanding of EBV-induced lymphomagenesis and focus on biology, diagnosis and management of EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
B-Lymphocytes/*pathology/*virology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Management ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/*complications ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/*physiology ; Humans ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*diagnosis/*etiology/therapy

There has been increasing interest in standardized and quantitative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA testing for the management of EBV disease. We evaluated the performance of the Real-Q EBV Quantification Kit (BioSewoom, Korea) in whole blood (WB). Nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR were performed by using the MagNA Pure 96 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) and 7500 Fast real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, USA), respectively. Assay sensitivity, linearity, and conversion factor were determined by using the World Health Organization international standard diluted in EBV-negative WB. We used 81 WB clinical specimens to compare performance of the Real-Q EBV Quantification Kit and artus EBV RG PCR Kit (Qiagen, Germany). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Real-Q kit were 453 and 750 IU/mL, respectively. The conversion factor from EBV genomic copies to IU was 0.62. The linear range of the assay was from 750 to 10⁶ IU/mL. Viral load values measured with the Real-Q assay were on average 0.54 log₁₀ copies/mL higher than those measured with the artus assay. The Real-Q assay offered good analytical performance for EBV DNA quantification in WB.
DNA, Viral/*blood/metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis/virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction