No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Epirubicin* ; Fluorouracil*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the direct anti-cancer effect of a single instillation of epirubicin (SIE) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) by analysis of immediate urine cytology (IUC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 158 patients who had IUC after TURBT for NMIBC. Fifty-six patients were treated with SIE after TURBT and 102 patients were not treated with SIE. The direct anti-cancer effect of SIE was compared in the two groups according to the result of IUC. The relationship between SIE and IUC in NMIBC was analyzed by use of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: The IUC-positive rate was 33.9% in the SIE group and 42.1% in the non-SIE group (p=0.005). The IUC-positive rate was lower in the SIE group than in the non-SIE group for each factor, including tumor stage, tumor grade, tumor size, tumor multiplicity, and preoperative urine cytology. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that SIE was significantly associated with a negative IUC result in patients with NMIBC (HR, 0.163) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the direct anti-cancer effect of SIE in patients who undergo TURBT for NMIBC.
Epirubicin ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Cell Line, Tumor* ; Doxorubicin* ; Epirubicin* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: Breast cancer is heterogeneous disease and the response to chemotherapeutic agents is also heterogeneous from patient to patient. Chemotherapy response assay is in vitro test that is performed to evaluate the degree of tumor growth inhibition by chemotherapy drugs. In this study, we performed the chemotherapy response assay using adenosine triphosphate (ATP-CRA) in breast cancer patients and assessed the clinical availability. METHODS: Sixty five breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Cancer cells were evenly divided and treated with commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer (doxorubicin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, and gemcitabine). To verify in vitro ATP-CRA indirectly, we analyzed the correlation between cell death rate (CDR) of doxorubicin and epirubicin, and between doxorubicin and paclitaxel. We also analyzed the mean CDR of doxorubicin, epirubicin and paclitaxel by HER2 status. RESULTS: We could successfully perform the ATP-CRA in 60 patients (95.2%). In all cases, we can get the results within 7 days. The range of CDR was very wide, from 0 to more than 50%, except gemcitabine. Epirubicin showed the highest mean CDR (39.9%) and doxorubicin, paclitaxel in order. According to the chemosensitivity index, paclitaxel is the most frequently first-ranked and doxorubicin, epirubicin in order. Correlation coefficient between the cell death rate of doxorubicin and epirubicin is 0.4210 and 0.1299 between paclitaxel and doxorubicin. In HER2 positive group, mean CDR of paclitaxel, epirubicin and doxorubicin was higher than in HER2 negative group, even though epirubicin and doxorubicin were not statistically significant (p=0.018, p=0.114, p=0.311, respectively). CONCLUSION: ATP-CRA showed heterogeneous results in individual patients. ATP-CRA was successful and can be performed within short time period. According to our in vitro study, it showed similar results with in vivo study but for the clinical use, the prospective randomized controlled trial should be preceded.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Death ; Deoxycytidine ; Doxorubicin ; Epirubicin ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Paclitaxel ; Polyphosphates ; Taxoids ; Vinblastine

PURPOSE: In attempt to provide a feasible chemotherapeutic regimen for advanced gastric cancer patients, the combination of cisplatin, epirubicin, leucovorin and fluorouracil (PELF) has been developed. A trial was performed to confirm the clinical activity, in terms of response rate and toxicity and duration of survival, of the PELF combination chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 1995 to July 1997, patients with measurable unresectable and/or metastatic gastric cancer received PELF combination chemotherapy. The regimen consisted of cisplatin 40 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 5; epirubicin 30 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 5; 5-fluorouracil 300 mg/m2 and leucovorin 20 mg/m2 IV on days 1 through 4. The cycle was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULT: Among 21 evaluable patients, 1 patient achieved complete response (5.3%) and 8 patients, partial response (42.1%). The median survival of overall patients was 36 weeks, the median time to progression of 21 evaluable patients was 27 weeks. There was severe myelosuppression; leucopenia 73.1%, WHO grade 3~4 11.5% of cycles. Non-hematologic toxicities were also severe nausea or vomiting in 100% of patients, grade 3~4 13.0% of patients, alopecia in 91.3% of patients, grade 3~4 52.2% of patients. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the PELF combination is effective in overall response rates. However, it is not recommended for routine clinical use because of its toxicities. Further phase III study will be warranted.
Alopecia ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Epirubicin ; Etoposide* ; Fluorouracil* ; Humans ; Leucovorin* ; Nausea ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Vomiting

In this study, the adsorption behavior of epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI) on carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (c-SWNTs) obtained by mixture acid treatment was investigated. The results indicated that the dispersion of c-SWNTs in water was obviously improved. The absorption of EPI on c-SWNTs came to equilibrium after 240 min and could be explained by pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, there were heterogeneous distribution of active sites onto c-SWNTs surface and the Freundlich isotherm model was better fit to describe the absorption precess of EPI on c-SWNTs. The absorption capacity of EPI on c-SWNTs increased obviously with the increasing pH and decreasing temperature. Compared with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, SWNTs, c-SWNTs possessed higher absorption capacity for EPI. The controlled, targeted and sustained release of EPI from c-SWNTs-EPI could be instructive for the development of nano-carrier.
Adsorption ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; chemistry ; Carboxylic Acids ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Epirubicin ; chemistry ; Nanotubes, Carbon ; chemistry

Aged ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Epirubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: Breast cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer in women in Korea, and the rate is gradually increasing. Compared to European countries and USA., the Korean breast cancer occurs at a younger age (mean age: 47) than in western countries (mean age: 60). We suppose that there is some biological differences between Korean and western breast cancer. This study was designed to determine the target chemotherapy agents for use on individual patients and define target patients for chemotherapy during the post-op period. Additionally, we desired to acquire primary data for further proteomic analysis of patients. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with breast cancer were entered in this study. Tumor specimens were taken and in formed consent was obtained for use of the samples in drug sensitivity testing. MTS[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] assay was able to be preformed in 16 patients (success rate, 76.2 percent). We used four drugs including Adriamycin, Epirubicin, 5-FU, and Taxol. RESULTS: In the axillary lymph node negative group, 5-FU (56.62%) and Taxol (53.85%) were sensitive drugs. There were no sensitive drugs in the p53 over-expression group. In the wild p53 group, 5-FU was the only sensitive drug. 5-FU was sensitive in both the ER and PR positive groups. Taxol was sensitive in the c-erbB2 low expression group. CONCLUSION: We obtained the results for chemosensitivity of breast cancer of Korean women. 5-FU and Taxol were relatively sensitive drugs, however we believe further data should be collected and added to obtain complete chemosensitivity results.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Epirubicin ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Humans* ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Paclitaxel

PURPOSE: We compared the prophylatic effects and complications of intravesical instillation of the epirubicin and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in patients with stage T1 bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 87 patients with stage T1 bladder cancer were treated with transurethral resection (TUR) between January 1992 and April 1998. Of them, 51 patients received BCG (Connaught strain, 81mg), 16 patients received 50mg epirubicin and 20 patients underwent TUR alone. The patients were followed for 18-78 months (mean 40 months). Recurrence rates, progression rates, mean months to tumor recurrence, recurrence free survival rate using Kaplan-Meier curve and complications were compared among three groups. RESULTS: The overall recurrence rate was 27.5% in BCG group, 37.5% in epirubicin group and 65% in control group. Mean months to tumor recurrence and recurrence free survival rate showed that both drugs were superior to TUR alone. The incidence of complications was 94% in BCG group and 12.5% in epirubicin group. CONCLUSIONS: BCG and epirubicin were superior to TUR alone in the prophylaxis of recurrence in stage T1 bladder cancer. Although the prophylactic efficacy of BCG was a little higher than that of the epirubicin, the toxicity rate of epirubicin was much lower than that of BCG. Therefore, epirubicin may be regarded as an alternative treatment of the BCG, especially for the patients who cannot tolerate the side effects of BCG.
Administration, Intravesical ; Bacillus* ; Epirubicin* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Breast cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer in women in Korea, and the rate is gradually increasing. Compared to European countries and USA., the Korean breast cancer occurs at a younger age (mean age: 47) than in western countries (mean age: 60). We suppose that there is some biological differences between Korean and western breast cancer. This study was designed to determine the target chemotherapy agents for use on individual patients and define target patients for chemotherapy during the post-op period. Additionally, we desired to acquire primary data for further proteomic analysis of patients. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with breast cancer were entered in this study. Tumor specimens were taken and informed consent was obtained for use of the samples in drug sensitivity testing. MTS[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5- (3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] assay was able to be preformed in 16 patients (success rate, 76.2 percent). We used four drugs including Adriamycin, Epirubicin, 5-FU, and Taxol. RESULTS: In the axillary lymph node negative group, 5-FU (56.62%) and Taxol (53.85%) were sensitive drugs. There were no sensitive drugs in the p53 over-expression group. In the wild p53 group, 5-FU was the only sensitive drug. 5-FU was sensitive in both the ER and PR positive groups. Taxol was sensitive in the c-erbB2 low expression group. CONCLUSION: We obtained the results for chemosensitivity of breast cancer of Korean women. 5-FU and Taxol were relatively sensitive drugs, however we believe further data should be collected and added to obtain complete chemosensitivity results.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Epirubicin ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Humans* ; Informed Consent ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Paclitaxel