No abstract available.
Epinephrine*

No abstract available.
Epinephrine*

Pheochromocytoma is usually associated with a combination of various clinical manifestations caused by the overproduction of catecholamines. It is frequently accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance operating through 2-and-adrenergic mechanisms. A 41-year-old-woman was admitted to the hospital because of poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus and hypertension. She had suffered intermittent paroxysmal attacks of headache and chest discomfort and had been treated intermittently over a 2 year period for diabetes mellitus and hypertension. At admission, the levels of serum epinephrine, norepinephrine urinary excretion of total metanephrine, and VMA were all abnormally elevated. Adrenal CT showed a well-defined, homogenous mass in the right adrenal region and the tumor was diagnosed as pheochromocytoma. After tumor resection, the increased blood level of catecholamines, the urinary excretion of total metanephrine, and VMA were normalized, as was the hyperglycemia state. Diabetes mellitus of the patient was considered permanently resolved after tumor removal by the result of glucose tolerance in 75g oral glucose tolerance test.
Catecholamines ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Epinephrine ; Glucose ; Glucose Intolerance ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypertension ; Metanephrine ; Norepinephrine ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Thorax

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of the SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, and level of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine in the college students. METHOD: Data were collected from May 1 to August 31, 2002. A total of 58 students from two universities participated in the study. Both groups were pretested before the intervention for three variables, the intensity of dysmenorrhea, level of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Then, SP-6 acupressure was provided for 20 minutes for students in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included the Visual Analogue Scale developed by Johnson(1974), Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire Scale developed by Brooks-Gunn & Ruble(1980), and Stress scale developed by Cheun and Kim(1990). RESULT: There were statistically significant differences in the intensity of dysmenorrhea at the time immediately after, 30minutes after, one hour after, and two hours after the intervention. The experimental group had a lower intensity than the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in level of norepinephrine at the time 30minutes after the intervention with the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The SP-6 acupressure reduced the subjective perception of dysmenorrhea and the levels of norepinephrine. It was found out that the lasting period of 20 minutes of the SP-6 acupressure was two hours for college students.
Acupressure* ; Dysmenorrhea* ; Epinephrine* ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Methods ; Norepinephrine*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Chu-ma therapy and to suggest that the therapy is an effective nursing intervention tool to reduce blood pressure. The research design employed was the non-synchronized research method with non- equivalent control group. A total of 30 people with essential hypertension, who were from forty to sixty five years old, participated in the study. The Chu-ma therapy was administered by every day for ten or fifteen minutes for eight weeks from 19, April to 13, June in 1999. In order to evaluate the effects of Chu-ma therapy, blood pressure of the two groups were measured once a week, and physiological parameters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides) were measured before and after the treatment. Collected data was analyzed by SAS package. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) There were significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the experimental group. 2) There were no significant changes in epinephrine, norepinephrine of the two groups. 3) There were significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides, and HDL- cholesterol increased significantly in the experimental group. 4) The effect of Chu-ma therapy on the measured time on the blood pressure in experimental group was as follows: Both of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased after 5weeks. The result proved that Chu-ma therapy is an effective nursing intervention tool for clients with essential hypertenion. However further research is still necessary to compare the effect with the different periods and number of times for Chu-ma therapy.
Blood Pressure* ; Cholesterol ; Epinephrine ; Hypertension* ; Norepinephrine ; Nursing ; Research Design ; Triglycerides

The coexistence of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma and renal artery stenosis is extremely rare. The mechanisms of renal artery stenosis with pheochromocytoma include direct compression of the tumor mass on the renal artery and catecholamine-induced vasospasm, fibromuscular hyperplasia, and fibrous adhesion. We report a rare case of renal artery stenosis caused by extraadrenal pheochromocytoma in a 29- year-old female. She was admitted to the hospital because of palpitation and headache. She had been treated for hypertension for 2 years. On admission, her plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were elevated as were her plasma renin activity, urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and metanephrine levels. Through the use of abdominal computed tomography, 131I-MIBG scan, and renal arteriography, a mass was found in the hilus of the left kidney which affected left renal artery stenosis. Surgical removal of the mass and left kidney restored the catecholamine excretion, plasma renin activity, and blood pressure to normal. Electronmicroscopic examination of the mass confirmed the pheochromocytoma.
Angiography ; Blood Pressure ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Metanephrine ; Norepinephrine ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Plasma ; Renal Artery Obstruction* ; Renal Artery* ; Renin ; Vanilmandelic Acid

The mongrel dogs, anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, were used as experimental animals. The effects of a single intravenous injection of ethyl adrianol. 0.5 mg per kg of body weight, on cardiovascular response and urinary flow were compared with those of epinephrine, 0.05 mg per kg of body weight and norepinephrine, 0.05 mg per kg of body weight. 1) The pressor effect induced with 0.5 mg of ethyl adrianol per kg of body weight was similar to that with equipressor doses, 0.05 mg, kg of epinephrine or norepinephrine. 2) The duration of the pressor action of ethyladrianol lasted at least one hour but only about 15minutes with equipressor dose of epinephrine or norepinephrine. 3) Ethyladrienol was responsible for the increase of the urinary volume, which phenomenon is assumed to be related of the renal-function and the durability of the reaction. 4) Ethyladrianol is considered to be one of the ideal drugs for the treatment of hypotensive shock.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Dogs* ; Epinephrine ; Etilefrine* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Norepinephrine ; Pentobarbital ; Shock

It is believed that catecholamine secretion is increased during cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the periods of maximum increase in catecholamine levels during cardiopulmonary bypass are different among several authors. 15 patients having valvular surgery were studied. Plasma epinephrine and norepine- phrine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography at 8 stages of the operation. During bypass plasma catecholamine levels continued to rise and maximally increased until aortic cross clamp off, and decreased gradually. Norepinephrine also showed the same results initially, but then increased gradually after the end of bypass. During bypass the maximum increases in epinephrine and norepinephrine were sixfold and twofold respectively in comparison with the levels prior to induction, which suggests that the predominant humoral response to cardiopulmonary bypass appears to be adrenomedullary release of epinephrine. The catecholamine levels at the period of aortic cross clamp off was higher than that of the lowest body temperature. There was no correlation between the increases in catecholamines and mean arterial pressure. Temperautures and eatecholamines also showed no correlations.
Arterial Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Catecholamines ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Epinephrine* ; Humans ; Norepinephrine* ; Plasma

The Effects of Some Autonomic Drugs on the Elevated Intraocular Tension of the Rabbit were Investigated. 1) Intravenous or local administration of Acetylcholine isoproterenol, a small dose of epinephrine and local large dose of epinephrine shortened the recovery time of the elevated. intraocular tension of normal level. 2) Intravenous or local administration of norepinephrine and intravenous large dose of epinephrine lengthened the recovery time. 3) A small dose of intravenous dimethylphenylpiperazinium shortened the recovery time, while large dose of the former lengthened the latter. 4) Intravenous hexamethonium, Bretylium, regitine, and small dose of atropine lengthened it From the above results, it is suggested that there are cholinergic, adrenergic alpha and beta receptor in the regulatory organs of the intraocular tension and autonomic nervous system plays an important role in regulating the intraocular tension.
Acetylcholine ; Atropine ; Autonomic Agents* ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide ; Epinephrine ; Hexamethonium ; Isoproterenol ; Norepinephrine ; Phentolamine

Pheochromocytomas are neoplasms of the adrenal gland that are derived from chromaffin cells. One of the most important features of this tumor is that it can synthesize and release catecholamines such as norepinephrine and epinephrine. Due to this, arterial hypertension is one of the most common manifestations of the tumor. Although arterial hypertension is a substantial risk factor for aortic dissection, aortic dissection is actually a rare manifestation of pheochromocytoma. Here, we report a patient with pheochromocytoma who presented with acute type B aortic dissection.
Adrenal Glands ; Catecholamines ; Chromaffin Cells ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Norepinephrine ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Risk Factors