Background:Seizure epilepsy is a social disease and appear at all age in most of countries. The rate of seizure epilepsy is increasing account for 10% of all cases.Objectives:This study aims to learn about the effectiveness of natri valproate in treatment of 238 children with grand mal seizure epilepsy at Hai Phong children hospital. Subjects and method: A retrospective and prospective study was conducted on 238 children with grandmal seizure epilepsy treated by natri valproate at Hai Phong Children Hospital from December 2005 to April 2007. Results:A complete remission rate was 87.8%, uncompleted remission in 10.1 % and non - responsive in 2.1 % after 15 days of treatment. After 6 months of treatment, a complete remission was seen in 92.5%, uncompleted remission in 6.1 % and non - responsive in 1.4% The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed paroxystic electric discharge in 71.9% of patients before treatment and in 32.1 % after treatment. Conclusion: In general, natri valproate was well tolerated in children. However, there were some complications and side effects such as somnolence and fatigue (23.6%), digestive disorder (5.7%), weight increase (4.7%), alopecia (2.8%), tremor (1.4%) but these complications and side effects were frequently mild and can be controlled.
Epilepsy/ therapy ; Child

Study on patients with epilepsy in 11 communes in Ho Tay has shown that 43% of patients with epilepsy were treated (of which treatment in provincial level 37%). The rate of patients with epilepsy received a treatment in cities, and delta was higher than this in mountain region. The efficacy of the treatment was not high, 42% patients treated as stopping the crisis.
Milieu Therapy ; Therapeutics ; Epilepsy

A prospective study of 40 children with epilepsy was carried out between June 1990 and August 1991 at Port Moresby General Hospital. Half of the children had yet to start school. Significant features in their past medical histories were acute meningitis (38%), tuberculous meningitis (10%), febrile convulsions (10%) and head trauma (5%). Most cases had grand mal epilepsy (80%). The majority of the children with epilepsy (90%) were treated with a single drug, which was usually phenobarbitone. 22% had received more than one drug, but not simultaneously. Significant side-effects requiring change of treatment occurred in 10%. Disturbed behaviour was reported in 55% and 22% had a poor social outcome. 45% had complete control of fits clinically. This study showed that in Port Moresby acute meningitis is a significant cause of epilepsy in young children, the majority of whom present with grand mal epilepsy, which is usually controlled by phenobarbitone, a readily available and cheap drug and still a useful anticonvulsant in the developing world.
Adolescent ; Child ; Epilepsy - drug therapy

Professor 's experience of acupuncture combined with medication for epilepsy is summarized, which is explained from epilepsy's etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and medication, respectively. Besides, the theoretical foundation and use instruction of acupuncture technique "-" for epilepsy are introduced. Professor highly values the adherence to etiology and pathogenesis, pays attention to syndrome differentiation and searches for the primary disease cause. He proposes the wind, phlegm, stasis and deficiency are the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and points out acupuncture could be applied during attack stage and remittent stage, but electroacupuncture should be used with caution. Regulating spirit is the key for treating epilepsy. The combination of acupuncture and medication could regulate the governor vessel and guide to the origin, which have significant curative effect.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Epilepsy ; therapy ; Humans

Epilepsy has high incidence and complex etiologies,and its treatment remains challenging.For around 70% of people with epilepsy,seizures can be controlled after proper antiepileptic treatment.The availability of some new antiepileptic drugs in recent years has offered new options for epileptic patients.A solid knowledge on the pharmacokinetics,efficacy,and tolerability profiles of these new antiepileptic drugs will help to provide safe,proper,reasonable,and standardized treatment for patients.
Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Seizures ; drug therapy

Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a benign indolent lesion despite the presentation of refractory epilepsy. Behavioral disturbances and endocrine problems are additional critical symptoms that arise along with HHs. Due to its nature of generating epileptiform discharge and spreading to cortical region, various management strategies have been proposed and combined. Surgical approaches with open craniotomy or endoscopy, stereotactic approaches with radiosurgery and gamma knife surgery or radiofrequency thermos-coagulation, and laser ablation have been introduced. Topographical dimension and the surgeon’s preference are key factors for treatment modalities. Endoscopic disconnection has been one of the most favorable options performed in treating HHs. Here we discuss presurgical evaluation, patient selection, surgical procedures, and complications.
Craniotomy ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Epilepsy ; Hamartoma* ; Laser Therapy ; Patient Selection ; Radiosurgery

Management of drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) requires a systematic approach consisting of (1) investigation of potential causes of DRE, (2) determination of the degree of DRE on the basis of previous drug therapy, (3) rational pharmacotherapy consisting of both monotherapy and combination therapy, and (4) referral to surgery or other alternative therapy. The scheme of rational pharmacotherapy consists of (1) first drug monotherapy (2) second drug monotherapy, (3) two drug combination therapy, (4) triple drug combination therapy, and (5) addition of second-line drug. With the introduction of many new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) having different mechanisms of action, the combination therapy has become more effective and safer, which made the use of triple drug combination therapy feasible in practice if it includes at least one new AED. It should be acknowleged that the rational combination therapy may achieve a seizure free outcome in a significant proportion of patients with less severe DRE. For patients with surgically remediable epileptic syndromes, a systematic trial of two to three drugs may suffice an earlier referral to surgery.
Anticonvulsants ; Drug Therapy ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Referral and Consultation ; Seizures

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to find if systemic family therapy (SFT) does work in anxiety and depression with epilepsy in adolescents (ADAE). METHODS: 104 adolescents with epilepsy, aged 13-20 years old, were included from December 2009 to December 2010, the enrolled patients were with anxiety [Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score ≥14 points] or depression [Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score ≥20 points]. The patients were randomly divided into the control group (n=52) treated with antiepileptic drugs (AED) and the intervention group (n=52) undergone Systemic Family Therapy (SFT) as well as AED. The AED improvements, anxiety and depression scores, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Family Assessment Device (FAD) and scale of systemic family dynamics (SSFD) were observed after 3-month treatment. RESULTS: The frequencies of epileptic seizures in intervention group was decreased much more significantly than the control group (4.22±3.54 times/month vs. 6.20±5.86 times/month, p=0.04); and the scores of anxiety (9.52±6.28 points vs. 13.48±8.47 points, p=0.01) and depression (13.86±9.17 points vs. 18.89±8.73 points, p=0.02) were significantly decreased than the control group; meanwhile, the family dynamics and family functions were significantly improved, and the social support was also increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: SFT combined with AEDs had better efficacies than AEDs alone, not only the frequency of epileptic seizures was decreased, but also the patients' anxiety and depression were improved, and the family dynamics, family functions and social support were improved.
Adolescent* ; Anticonvulsants ; Anxiety* ; Comorbidity* ; Depression* ; Epilepsy* ; Family Therapy* ; Humans

Brain ; physiology ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; methods ; Epilepsy ; therapy ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The scale assessment was helpful in predicting the presence of antibodies to autoimmune encephalitis. This study aimed to evaluate the application of antibody prevalence in Chinese patients with epilepsy and encephalopathy (APE2-CHN) and response to immunotherapy in Chinese patients with epilepsy and encephalopathy (RITE2-CHN) for patients with different neuronal surface antibodies. METHODS: A total of 1365 patients with epileptic seizures as the prominent feature in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 2016 to June 2020 were enrolled in our study. Of these, 915 patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology whose serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples were examined for autoimmune antibodies were selected. All patients were scored with antibody prevalence in patients with epilepsy and encephalopathy (APE2), response to immunotherapy with epilepsy and encephalopathy (RITE2), APE2-CHN, and RITE2-CHN scores. RESULTS: Of the 915 patients, 191 patients were positive for neural-surface specific antibodies (115 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) Ab, 47 leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) Ab, 8 contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) Ab, 4 AMPA2R-Ab, and 11 GABAR-B-Ab; 3 CASPR2-Ab and LGI1-Ab, 2 NMDAR-Ab and CASPR2-Ab, and 1 NMDAR-Ab and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG] Ab). The sensitivity and specificity of APE2 ≥4 in predicting the presence of neural-surface specific antibodies in our study were 74.35% and 81.77%, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of APE2-CHN ≥4 were 75.92% and 84.53%, respectively. Eight cases had an APE2 score <4 and APE2-CHN score ≥5; all these patients had memory decline as the prominent manifestation. We divided the patients into six groups according to the different antibodies. APE2-CHN scores showed higher sensitivity for the prediction of NMDAR-Ab, but lower sensitivity for LGI1-Ab. A total of 187/191 (97.91%) patients received immunotherapy and 142/191 (74.35%) patients benefited from the treatments. The patients who were positive for LGI1-Ab with RITE2-CHN ≥8 responded well to immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS APE2-CHN had the highest value for predicting the positivity of NMDAR-Ab and RITE2-CHN evaluated the response of immunotherapy for anti-LGI1 encephalitis appropriately. However, RITE2 and RITE2-CHN do not appear to be good predictors of immunotherapy outcomes for patients with specific neuronal-surface antibodies and high APE2-CHN scores are often indicative of a poor response to immunotherapy.
Autoantibodies ; China ; Epilepsy/therapy* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Prevalence ; Seizures