Post traumatic epilepsy （PTE） refers to the epileptic seizures after traumatic brain injury. Organic damage can be found by imaging examination, and abnormal electroencephalogram can be detected via electroencephalogram examination which has the similar location of the brain injury. PTE has the characteristics of low incidence, absence of case reports, and easy to exaggerate the state of illness, which add difficulties to the forensic identification. This paper reviews the status of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical treatment and forensic identification for PTE.
Brain Injuries, Traumatic/physiopathology* ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic/pathology* ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Incidence

Two pseudoseizures after head trauma are reported. We summarize the clinical manifestation of pseudoseizures, and identify difference of pseudoseizures and Seizures after head trauma. The forensic identification of pseudoseizures after head trauma should base on the extend and position of cerebral trauma, sequelae focus in cerebral, and the clinical manifestation.
Adult ; Craniocerebral Trauma/pathology* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic/pathology* ; Female ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Seizures/pathology* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of ubiquitin(Ub) and ubiquitin-activating enzymel(UbE1) for the appraisement of post traumatic epilepsy (PTE). METHODS: Fifteen specimens from human epileptic temporal cortex originating from PTE were collected as the PTE group. Fifteen specimens from non-PTE were collected as the non-PTE group. Meanwhile, 15 normal cerebral cortex specimens from people dead from acute traffic accident were collected as the control groups. Observe morphology changes of each group with HE, then with immunohistochemistry of Ub and UbE1. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, morphology changes of neuron quantity reduction, neuron denaturation and so on were observed both in the PTE group and the non-PTE group under HE, especially in the PTE group. Ub and UbE1 mainly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the neurons in epilepsy spot without extracellular expression. The expression of Ub and UbE1 is PTE group > non-PTE group > control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The neuron denaturation are one of the main pathology changes of epilepsy, and it is more obvious in the PTE group. Immunohistochemistry of Ub and UbE1 may be more helpful to distinguish PTE and non-PTE than HE staining.
Case-Control Studies ; Cell Count ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism* ; Craniocerebral Trauma/complications* ; Epilepsy/pathology* ; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic/pathology* ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons/pathology* ; Staining and Labeling ; Ubiquitin/metabolism* ; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in the traumatic epilepsy pathogenesis and its value in traumatic epilepsy by quantitative analysis. METHODS: Fifteen specimens from human epileptic temporal cortex from PTE were collected as the PTE group. Fifteen specimens from non-PTE were collected as the non-PTE group. Fifteen normal cerebral cortex specimens died from acute traffic accident were collected as the control group. The expression of mRNA and protein of Ub and UbE1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Statistical analysis was used to compare the data between three groups. RESULTS: The expression of mRNA and protein of Ub and UbE1 were the following order: PTE group(high), non-PTE group(middle) and control group(low). CONCLUSION The study confirms that UPS is up-regulated in the epilepsy's focus, especially in traumatic epilepsy. The activation of UPS may be an important pathological change in neurons in pathogenesis of traumatic epilepsy.
Blotting, Western ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology* ; Craniocerebral Trauma/pathology* ; DNA Primers ; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic/pathology* ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Neurons/pathology* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism* ; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/metabolism* ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVE: To study the types, characteristics and common complications as well as disability assessment for the children with craniocerebral injury in the road traffic accidents. METHODS: Data from 204 cases of children with cranio-injury in road traffic accidents were collected and were statistically analyzed according to the location injured, complication, the type of complication and the severity of disability. RESULTS: There were 64 cases of simple diffuse primary craniocerebral injury, 80 cases of simple local primary cranio-injury, 24 cases of diffuse secondary craniocerebral injury and 36 cases of local secondary cranio-injury. The main complications included traumatic epilepsy (14, 6.9%), traumatic cerebral infarction (9, 4.4%), traumatic hydrocephalus (7, 3.4%) and traumatic mental disorder (5, 2.5%). CONCLUSION Among the children with cranio-injury due to road traffic accidents, simple primary cranio-injury was the most common result, whereas the traumatic epilepsy and traumatic cerebral infarction were the major types of complications. The assessment criteria for body impairment of the children with craniocerebral injury in the road traffic accidents should be broadened accordingly, with addition of certain specific items for children.
Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data* ; Adolescent ; Cerebral Infarction/etiology* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Craniocerebral Trauma/pathology* ; Disability Evaluation ; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic/etiology* ; Female ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus/etiology* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies