No abstract available.
Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; Hemolysis ; Midazolam

Seizure is one of the manifestations of nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH). Partial motor seizures are observed in most cases and, occasionally, with epilepsia partialis continua. Generalized convulsive status epilepticus caused by NKH is rare. In this report, we present a case of a 68-year-old man who developed generalized convulsive status epilepticus as an initial manifestation of NKH.
Aged ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus

A 20-years old man with a history of complex partial seizure, was admitted due to continuous focal clonic movements in the left upper and lower extremities lasting for about 24 hours. In emergency room, focal clonic movements were stopped with an emergent intravenous lorazepam injection. Two months later, left-sided hemiparesis remained and cere-bral hemiatrophy was noted. We report a case of a 20-years old man who showed rapid development of cerebral hemiat-rophy after epilepsia partialis continua.
Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; Humans ; Lorazepam ; Lower Extremity ; Paresis ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus* ; Young Adult

Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare, severe, and progressive disorder characterized by focal motor seizures, epilepsia partialis continua, hemiparesis, and intellectual decline. Although clinical features of RE are heterogenous, the progression of the disease is generally divided into three stages which are prodromal, acute, residual stages. We report a 29-year-old woman who had shown typical progression of the disease but preserved cognitive function during a longterm follow-up.
Adult ; Encephalitis ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Paresis ; Seizures

We report a patient who showed vasogenic edema on MRI in association with partial status epilepticus. The patient, for a month, experienced clonic movements of the right arm and leg. As the amplitude and frequency of the clonic movements increased, resulting in epilepsia partialis continua, MRI showed characteristic vasogenic edema features;normal or decreased signal on diffusion-weighted imaging, and increased apparent diffusion coefficient value in the left parasagittal frontal region with strong leptomeningeal enhancement. This region was corresponded to the leg motor area, which was correlated with the degree of hypemetabolism of ictal FDG-PET findings. Considering limited progression of the seizure activity and focal slow waves on EEG, time-locked by clonic jerks, which might result from synaptic inhibition, this case suggests that vasogenic edema may be associated with a lower intensity of the seizure activity compared with cytotoxic edema noted in most of the reported patients.
Arm ; Diffusion ; Edema* ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus*

Propofol has been used for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus, but propofol can cause propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS). PRIS is rarely developed and often fatal. The syndrome is characterized by metabolic acidosis, rhadomyolysis, and cardiac failure. Most reports were described in critically ill patients undergoing long-term propofol infusion at high doses. But many systemic confounding factors are mixed with the fatality of PRIS and there are no report on epilepsia partialis continua which has stable systemic conditions. We report PRIS in a patient with epilepsia partialis continua.
Acidosis ; Critical Illness ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Propofol ; Status Epilepticus

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis(IHCP) is a rare chronic pro gressive fibrosing inflammation of pachymeninges of unknown origin. Since the spreading of CT and MRI, there has been a few cases of IHCP have been reported. We describe two patients of IHCP with brain parenchymal involvement presented as epilepsia partialis continua which has not been described as a symptom of IHCP and review the previous reported literatures. IHCP commonly presents headache, multiple cranial nerve palsy, ataxia, and sometimes seizure. In many cases, the CSF finding is noninfectious inflammation, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is elevated. The brain MRI is the best noninvasive tool for diagnosis of IHCP and shows diffuse thickening and enhancing dura, especially posterior fossa. IHCP responds steroid initially but recurs frequently and progresses chronically.
Ataxia ; Blood Sedimentation ; Brain ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; Headache ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis* ; Seizures

Status epilepticus is commonly defined as a condition characterized by an epileptic seizure that is so frequently repeated or so prolonged as to produce a fixed and enduring epileptic condition. Common etiologies are brain tumor, CNS infection, vascular insults, trauma, withdrawal of antiepileptic drug, and metabolic disturbance such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia and hyperosmolarity caused by hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, and uremic encephalopathy etc. Although some cases of epilepsia partialis continua in the patient with nonketotic hyperglycemia were reported in the previous literature, we could hardly find the report that generalized convulsive status epilepticus was the initial symptom of nonketotic hypergycemia. We recently experienced three eases of nonketotic hyperglycemia who manifested generalized convulsive status epilepticus as a initial clinical feature. Two cases were completely controlled within a few hours after the correction of hyperglycemia and intravenous dilantinization. Another case was needed an additional phenobarbital administration to control the status epilepticus. In all cases, afterthen no further seizure occurred under the normal serum glucose level without use of antiepileptics.
Anticonvulsants ; Blood Glucose ; Brain Neoplasms ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia* ; Hypernatremia ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Hyponatremia ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology and clinical features of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of six children with EPC, and the clinical and laboratory features and prognosis were compared between the children with different etiologies. RESULTS: There were five girls and one boy, with an onset age ranging from one year and seven months to nine years. Two were diagnosed with Rasmussen encephalitis, one was diagnosed with focal cortical dysplasia, one was diagnosed with Alpers syndrome caused by POLG gene mutation, one was diagnosed with Angelman syndrome, and one was diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis. The latter two children had the predisposing factors for acute encephalopathy induced by status epilepticus and craniocerebral operation during the onset of EPC, while the other four children had natural progression of EPC. All the children had focal seizures except EPC, and symptoms included automatism, bilateral asymmetric tonic seizure, deflection, complex motor, and autonomic symptoms, with disturbance of consciousness in some children. EPC often lasted for several days or even several months. All children had abnormalities on head MRI, including local abnormal signal, cortex swelling, diffusive brain atrophy or brain atrophy at one side, local cortex thickening, and cortical necrosis. Head PET/CT scan was performed for three children and found local hypermetabolism or co-existence of hypermetabolism and hypometabolism. All the children had abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG), with cerebral, hemispheric, or diffusive distribution of abnormal electrical activities, and during the onset of EPC, some EEG changes were recognizable and some were difficult to identify. All the children with EPC were not sensitive to antiepileptic drugs. EPC was relatively self-limiting in the child with Angelman syndrome. The child with focal cortical dysplasia underwent resection of epileptic foci and had good postoperative control, without neurological dysfunction. The child with Rasmussen encephalitis underwent functional hemispherectomy and had no attack after surgery, with neurological dysfunction. The child with Alpers syndrome had the worst prognosis. CONCLUSIONS EPC is a special type of epileptic seizures. Immune inflammation and metabolic etiologies are the main causes of EPC in children, and the selection of treatment regimens, treatment outcome, and prognosis depend on etiology.
Electroencephalography ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Retrospective Studies

The gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) is a safe and effective neurosurgical approach in the treatment of arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Seizures after GKS are rarely reported, but epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) has not been reported yet. We report a patient with EPC accompanied with cerebral edema after GKS in AVM. A 50-year-old man was admitted for EPC, dysarthria and monoparesis 20 days after GKS due to AVM. Brain MRI showed increased cerebral edema around AVM in the left premotor area. Symptoms were relieved by IV dexamethasone and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). 15 weeks later, EPC recurred and aphasia and right hemiplegia were rapidly aggravated. The follow up brain MRI showed markedly increased cerebral edema compared with previous MRI. EPC was well controlled by AEDs, but aphasia and hemiplegia were not responsive to IV dexamethasone until trying oral prednisolon. We think that cerebral edema induced by EPC, as a complication of GKR, might aggravate hemiparesis.
Anticonvulsants ; Aphasia ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Dexamethasone ; Dysarthria ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Paresis ; Radiosurgery* ; Seizures