OBJECTIVETo establish a method for determination of the epichlorohydrin in drinking water by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

METHODSThe internal standard solution D5-epichlorohydrin was added in drinking water sample. The epichlorohydrin was firstly collected by active carbon, and the adsorbent was then centrifuged at 2739 × g for 10 min to remove water. Finally, the epichlorohydrin was desorbed by dipping the active carbon in 1.0 ml acetone for 1 h. The desorbed solution was tested by GC-MS and quantified with isotopic internal standards. The detection limit, precision and accuracy of the assay were evaluated. This method was adopted to detect the epichlorohydrin in drinking water for 25 batches in a city.

RESULTSThe determination method of epichlorohydrin represented a good linear relationship in the range of 0.0645-3.8700 µg/L, the linear regression equation was Y = 2.828X + 4.91 × 10(-2) (r > 0.999). When the epichlorohydrin concentration were 0.0806, 0.3230 and 3.2300 µg/L, the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 7.9%, 4.7% and 3.1%, respectively. The average recoveries were from 95.7% to 98.7%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.015 µg/L, limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.052 µg/L. The content of epichlorohydrin in the 25 cases of drinking water was under the limit of detection.

CONCLUSIONThe method is more simple than the national standard method, with high sensitivity, accuracy and good reproducibility, which is suitable for detection of the trace amounts of epichlorohydrin in drinking water.

Drinking Water ; analysis ; Epichlorohydrin ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for determining epichlorohydrin in the workplace air by gas chromatograph-electron capture detector (GC-ECD).

METHODSEpichlorohydrin in the workplace air was collected by activated charcoal tubes, desorbed using acetone, and analyzed by GC-ECD.

RESULTSA good linearity was obtained in the range of 1.0-50 µg/mL (r=0.999 7). The detection limit was 0.012 µg/ml, while the recovery rate was 88.1% and relative standard deviation ranged from 1.11% to 3.57%. The samples could be stored for seven days at room temperature.

CONCLUSIONThis method effectively eliminates the interferences of alkanes on determination of epichlorohydrin and improves the sensitivity by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, which can solve the problem of detection limit above standard in GBZ/T 160.58-2004.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Charcoal ; Chromatography, Gas ; Epichlorohydrin ; analysis ; Workplace

BACKGROUND: Epoxy resin compounds are one of the common causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. In Korea, most cases of allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy resin compounds have been caused by the epoxy resin itself. We report a rare case of allergic contact dermatitis which was caused by epichlorohydrin, an ingredient of epoxy resin and 2,4,6-tris-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (tris-DMP), a kind of hardeners. CASE REPORT: A 43-year-old man, who had worked at the epoxy resin glue manufacturing factory since 1999, presented with mild and intermittent erythematous papules and rashes on his face, neck, trunk, and both arms. He was dealing with epoxy resin, epichlorohydrin, bisphenol A and hardeners. After a new hardener was added in August 2008, his skin lesions worsened from what he had experienced in the past. A skin patch test was performed to identify the causative chemicals of the skin lesion. Epichlorohydrin and tris-DMP elicited positive reactions after 48 hours and increased after 96 hours. CONCLUSION: This case confirmed occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by epichlorohydrin and tris-DMP, an ingredient of epoxy resin and a hardener, respectively.
Adhesives ; Adult ; Arm ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Epichlorohydrin ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Korea ; Neck ; Patch Tests ; Phenols ; Skin

A method for preparing the double cross-linked agar beads entrapped attapulgite clay for hemopurification is reported. Attapulgite clay was coated with agar and cross-linked by epichlorohydrin. After the process of "drying-out", the cross-linked agar beads entrapped attapulgite clay (CAA) was cross-linked again by 10% toluene 2,4,-diisocyanate in acetone at 35 degrees C for 3 h and 30 min. The products withstood autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 30 min. The performance tests showed that the adsorption of the double cross-linked agar beads entrapped attapulgite clay (DCAA) on methylene blue was about 4 times the adsorption of CAA on methylene blue. The intensity of DCAA was raised 6 times, and the appearance of DCAA was denser. Investigation on the blood being in contact with DCAA showed: at 1 h of contact, the loss of leucocyte was <1%, of erythrocyte <5%, and of blood platelets <8%; at 2h of contact, the loss of leucocyte was <2%, of erythrocyte <10%, and of blood platelets <20%.
Adsorption ; Agar ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Epichlorohydrin ; chemistry ; Hemoperfusion ; instrumentation ; Magnesium Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Rats ; Silicon Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVES: Bisphenol A Di Glycidyl Ether (BADGE) is the major component in commercial liquid epoxy resins, which are manufactured by co-reacting bisphenol A with epichlorohydrin. The authors investigated the acute toxicity of BADGE. METHODS: BADGE was administered by a gavage to 8 week old SPF Sprague Dawley rats in a single dose of 0 (negative control), 0.37 (Diethylstilbesterol, DES), 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg/day of BADGE. Each treatment group contained 7 rats. The general status and weight of the rats were observed for 14 days. The rats were anesthetized by ether at 14 days, and the changes in morphology, organ weight, sperm count and motility, and hormone level were measured. RESULTS: All the rats treated with BADGE had diarrhea on the 1st day. The rats administered BADGE at 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg/day showed a soiled perineal region and soft stools with diarrhea until the 3rd day. The 8000 mg/kg/day BADGE rats had diarrhea for two days followed by emaciation, soiled fur, a soiled perineal region, staining around the mouth and were moribund for three to eight days. No weight gain was observed after the 1st day in the 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg/day BADGE rats and after the 7th day in all the treatment groups compared with the control groups. Some treatment groups were observed to have a decrease in the weight of the heart (BADGE 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg/day), liver (BADGE 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 mg/kg/day) and prostate (BADGE 4000 mg/kg/day) compared with control group. The weight of the liver was significantly lower in all treatment groups compared with the control group. The relative weight of the liver (BADGE 1000 and 4000 mg/kg/day) was significant lower than the control. No pathological changes were observed in the brain, liver, thyroid, heart, spleen, kidney, lung and prostate. The number of spermatid in the seminiferous tubule in the testes was lower in all treatment groups than the control. The sperm motility tended to decrease with increasing concentration but the sperm count was similar in all treatment groups. The plasma Estrogen and testosterone level were similar in the control and treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that BADGE induces general, hepatic and reproductive toxicity at 1000 mg/kg/day.
Animals ; Brain ; Diarrhea ; Emaciation ; Epichlorohydrin ; Epoxy Resins ; Estrogens ; Ether* ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Male* ; Mouth ; Organ Size ; Plasma ; Prostate ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Soil ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatids ; Spleen ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Thyroid Gland ; Weight Gain