In propranolol (1. 0mg) pretreated men atropine (0.5mg), ephedrine (20mg) and aramine (2mg) were administered respectively by intravenous route under the ether anesthesia. The results were as follows. 1) Five minutes after intravenous administration of propranolol, the three groups showed decrease of pulse rates, 9, 6 and 8 per minutes respectively, but blood pressure changes were not observed. 2) After intravenous administration of atropine (0.5mg) the decreased pulse rates were increased and blood pressure was elevated. 3) After intravenous administration of ephedrine(20mg) the decreased pulse rates were decreased and lowered blood pressure was lowered further. 4) After intravenous administration of aramine(2.0mg) the lowered blood pressure was elevated, but pulse rate changes were not observed. 5) Circulatory depression due to ether anesthesia after propranolol pretreatment, was corrected by treatment with atropine and aramine, but was not corrected by ephedrine.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure* ; Depression ; Ephedrine ; Ether* ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Male ; Metaraminol ; Propranolol*

To combat the cardiovascular depression in blood pressure and palserate induced by halothane anesthesia in healthy persons after administration of propranolol(1.0mg) by the intravenous route, atropnie sulfate(0.5mg), ephedrine Hcl(20mg) and aramine(1.0mg) were administered respectively i.v. The results were as follows: 1) After i.v. administration of atropine sulfate, systolic blood pressure was elevated by 15 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was elevated by 13mmHg, and pulse rate was increased by 24 per minute. 2) After i.v. administration of ephedrine, systolic blood pressure was elevated by 27 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was elevated by 17mmHg, but significant pulse rate change was not observed. 3) After i.v. administration of aramine, systolic blood pressure was elevated by 29mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was elevated by 19mmHg, but pulse rate was decreased by 8 per minute. 4) As shown in the above results, in the cardiovascular depression due to halothane anesthesia after propranolol intravenous administration, blood pressure and pulse rated were corrected by treatment with atropine sulfate. Ephedrine and aramine effected elevation of the blood pressure, but not the pulse rate.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure* ; Depression ; Ephedrine ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Metaraminol ; Propranolol*

AIMTo develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of ephedrine and chlorpheniramine in human plasma after oral administration of a compound preparation.

METHODSThe analytes and the internal standard, diphenhydramine, were isolated from plasma by protein precipitation with methanol, then chromatographied on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm ID) using a mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-formic acid (80: 20: 0.5, v/v), at a flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1). A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as detector and was operated in the positive ion mode. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) using the precursor to produce ion combinations of m/z 166-->115, m/z 275-->230 and m/z 256-->167 were used to quantify ephedrine, chlorpheniramine and the internal standard, respectively. Results The linear concentration ranges of the calibration curves for ephedrine and chlorpheniramine were 0.50 - 200 microg x L(-1) and 0.050 - 20.0 microg x L(-1), respectively. The lower limits of quantification were 0. 50 microg x L(-1) for ephedrine and 0.050 microg x L(-1) for chlorpheniramine, individually. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) across three validation runs over the entire concentration range was less than 9.3% for both ephedrine and chlorpheniramine. The inter-day accuracy (RE) was within +/- 3.4% for the analytes. Each sample was chromatographied within 3.3 min. The method was successfully used in pharmacokinetics study of ephedrine and chlorpheniramine in human plasma after oral administration of a compound preparation containing 5 mg ephedrine hydrochloride, 1 mg chlorpheniramine maleate, 50 mg phenytoin, 12.5 mg theophylline, 12.5 mg theobromine and 7.5 mg caffeine. No interaction among the six components was observed on their pharmacokinetic parameters.

CONCLUSIONThe method was proved to be highly sensitive, selective, and suitable for pharmacokinetics investigations of different compound preparations containing low dosage of both ephedrine and chlorpheniramine.

Administration, Oral ; Area Under Curve ; Chlorpheniramine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Ephedrine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

In order to observe the effect on cardiovascular depression due to ether, halothane or penthrane anesthesia with pretreatment of propranolol (1mg) , change in the blood pressure and pulse rate were measured after intravenous administration of atropine(0.5mg), ephedrine(20mg) or aramine(2mg) to healthy volunteers. The results were as follos, 1) In conscious patients, intravenous administration of propranolol(1mg) caused a statistically significant decrease in pulse rate but no significant change in the blood pressure. 2) The atropine group showed that blood pressure increased by 33/23(p<0.01), 15/13(p<0.01) and 3/4(NS) mmHg, and pulse rate also increased by 20(p<0.01), 24(p<0.05), 11(p<0.05) per min. respectively during ether, halothane and penthrane anesthesia. 3) The ephedrine group showed that blood pressure decreased by 5/0(NS) during ether anesthesia, and increased by 27/17(p<0.01) and 30/15(p<0.01) mmHg during halothane and penthrane anesthesia respectively. Pulse rate decreased by 7(p<0.05) per min. during ether anesthesia but showed no significant change during halothane and Penthrane anesthesia. 4) The aramine group showed that blood pressure increased by 70/34(p<0.01), 29/19(p<0.01) and 28/19Ip<0.001) mmHg during ether, halothane and Penthrane anesthesia respectively. Pulse rate increased by 7(NS) per min. during ether anesthesia and decreased by 8(p<0.05) per min. during halothane and Penthrane anesthesia respectively. 5) The above results have shown that atropine caused effective correction of the cardiovascular depression induced by ether, halothane and Penthrane anesthesia with pretreatment of propranolol. Ephedrine showed futher depression and aramine effected elevation of the blood pressure.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Ephedrine ; Ether* ; Halothane* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Metaraminol ; Methoxyflurane* ; Propranolol*

A cardiovascular collapse, due to preoperatively administered intravenous vitamin K (phytonadione), was experienced in a 59-year-old woman who was scheduled to undergo a left upper lung lobectomy. The patient developed sudden facial flushing, an upper torso rash, dyspnea, palpitation, and severe hypotension about 2 min after the intravenous administration of approximately 2 mg of vitamin K. Immediate hydration and an injection of 20 mg ephedrine restored her blood pressure to the preoperative level within 5 min. The patient recovered without any sequelae, but the operation was postponed. The patient's symptoms seemed to be due to an anaphylactoid reaction or anaphylaxis following the intravenous administration of vitamin K. This case report suggests that physicians should carefully review the indications of vitamin K prior to administration, even at low doses.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anaphylaxis ; Blood Pressure ; Dyspnea ; Ephedrine ; Exanthema ; Female ; Flushing ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Torso ; Vitamin K ; Vitamins*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between dissolution in vitro and absorption in vivo of Chuanping sustained release tablets.

METHODThe ephedrine, pseudoephedrine were chosen as marker components, dissolution in vitro of Chuanping sustained release tablets in the different pH were tested by the rotating basket method and HPLC; urine drug levels were determined by HPLC and absorption fractions were calculated according to Wagner-Nelson's formula and deconvolution technique.

RESULTThe linear regressive equation between the absorption percentage in vivo F and accumulative release percentage in vitro of Chuanping sustained release tablets was established as F(ephedrine) = 1.572 5f-20. 729 (R2 = 0.974 5); F(pseudoephedrine) = 1.237f-0.147 6 (R2 = 0.959 5).

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that there was fine correlation between the absorption percentage in vivo and the accumulative release percentage in vitro of Chuanping sustained release tablets.

Adult ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Ephedrine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Solubility ; Tablets ; chemistry ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery is most common and serious adverse effect despite the use of uterine displacement and volume preload. This study evaluated the role of ephedrine and fluid preload for prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty healthy women undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia at term were allocated randomly to receive ephedrine 10microgram/kg/min followed by 4 mg bolus IV (E group, n = 20); ephedrine 10microgram/kg/min followed by 4 mg bolus IV and rapid administration of 500 ml hydroxyethyl starch solution (EH group, n = 20); and ephedrine 10microgram/kg/min followed by 4 mg bolus IV and rapid administration of 500 ml lactated Ringers solution (ER group, n = 20). Heart rate, blood pressure, hypotension incidence, and total ephedrine administration were checked after spinal anesthesia. Umbilical blood gas analysis and APGAR score were checked after delivery. RESULTS: Maternal blood pressure, maternal heart rate, APGAR score were similar in three groups. But umbilical blood PaO2 and PvO2 is significantly low in hypotensive group than normotensive group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study support the intravenous administration of ephedrine (4 mg bolus with 10microgram/kg/min) with or without 500 ml colloid or crystalloid infusion is not effective for blood pressure maintenance. Once the maternal hypotension induces the umbilical blood low oxygen tension, it is necessary for anesthesiologists to concentrate more on the maintenance of the blood pressure.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Apgar Score ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Colloids ; Ephedrine* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension* ; Incidence ; Oxygen ; Starch

OBJECTIVETo identify the volatile components in rat urine after oral administration of "Wu-Hu-Tang" (WHT).

METHODGC-MS technique was applied to analyzing urine samples.

RESULTEighteen components were detected in the WHT-treated rat urine other than the corresponding control. Among them, 14 components were identified, and 7 were also found in the extract of WHT.

CONCLUSIONThe above detected components might be derived from WHT, and some of them are effective components of WHT.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Cyclohexenes ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Ephedrine ; analysis ; urine ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Male ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; urine ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo develop a GC-MS method for the determination of pseudo-ephedrine in human plasma and study the mutative rules of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the pseudo-ephedrine in different compositions.

METHODOrthogonal design was used to determine 8 compositions from Mahuang decoction (MHD). The healthy volunteers were divided into groups in random, each group including 8 men. After taking the medicine orally, vena blood would be taken out at different time. Determining pseudo-ephedrine in plasma and plotting the concentration-time curve, the pharmacokinetic parameters of each composition were calculated by WinNonlin 4.0.1. The statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters was proceeded by SPSS 10.0.

RESULTAll concentration-time curves were adequately modeled by one compartment, first order absorption model, no lag time. Some parameters of pseudo-ephedrine showed significant variance (P < 0.05) in different compositions. The statistic results showed interactions between drugs in MHD (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe other herbs erds of MHD have some certain extent effects to the pharmacokinetic parameters of pseudo-ephedrine in the dominant drug.

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Area Under Curve ; Cinnamomum ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Ephedra ; chemistry ; Ephedrine ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prunus ; chemistry ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo compare the cutaneous permeation of Kechuan acupoint patch and power, and evaluate the possibility of dosage form reform of Kechuan recipe.

METHODTake the Eugend and Ephedrine as the indexes, HPLC was employed to determine their contents, the pond with Franz diffusion were used to measured the cutaneous.

RESULTThe permeation of Patch matched with Higuchi Equation. Take Eugend as the index, the permeation rate of total of Patch is 2.319 and 1.738 times of the powder, and 1.784 and 1.215 times of the powder with the Ephedrineas as index.

CONCLUSIONThe permeation rate of Kechuan acupoint patch was more rapid than the powder. Moreover, the total quantity of permeation of patch was also more than the powder.

Acupuncture Points ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Ephedrine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Eugenol ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; In Vitro Techniques ; Permeability ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Powders ; Rabbits ; Skin ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption