1.The Electron Microscopic Study of Enzymes in Eosinophils.
Gill Ryoung KIM ; Tae In CHUNG ; Seng Ee CHOI
Yonsei Medical Journal 1975;16(2):29-40
The author has made the electron microscopic study of enzymes in eosinophils in order to clearify the influence of hyposensitization in allergic rhinitis to the activity of enzymes in eosinophilic granules and the following results were obtained. 1. In all 3 control, hyposensitization and allergic groups, eosinophilic granules with matrix and crystalloid core in circulating blood and tissue was observed. 2. In all 3 groups, activity of acid phosphatase was not found in neutrophil, basophil, macrophage and glands as a form of coagulated activating colony of acid phosphatase. 3. In control and hyposensitizing groups, number of eosinophils were smaller than that was counted in allergic group. Activity of peroxidase in granule was weak and granular out flowing and rupture of cell membrane were not observed. 4. In allergic group, eosinophil count was high, activity of peroxidase in granule was strong and granular out flowing and rupture of cell membrane were severe. At the same time, many vacuoles, which were suspected to be the result of phagocyte the protein as foreign substance, wag observed. Judging from the fact that eosinophil has a specific relation to allergic diseases and the activity of peroxidase that exist as an enzyme in eosinophilic granule is strong, it is believed that the major function of eosinophil is phagocytosis of antigen, or antigen-antibody complex. On the other hand, the fact that activity of peroxidase was weak in hyposensitizing group lead us to believe that the activity of peroxidase may be used as an indicator for detecting hyposensitizing status in the treatment of allergic disease.
Acid Phosphatase/metabolism*
;
Adolescent
;
Adult
;
Child
;
Desensitization, Immunologic*
;
Eosinophils/enzymology
;
Eosinophils/ultrastructure*
;
Female
;
Hay Fever/therapy*
;
Human
;
Male
;
Middle Age
;
Peroxidases/metabolism*
2.Protein kinase C in proliferation and infiltration of eosinophils in nasal polyp.
Meihua LI ; Zhen DONG ; Zhanquan YANG ; Yunhong BAI
Chinese Medical Journal 2003;116(10):1553-1556
OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of protein kinase C (PKC) in proliferation and infiltration of eosinophils in nasal polyps.
METHODSWith in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining methods, PKC, pro-apoptotic, and anti-apoptotic gene (Bax, bcl-2) expressions were measured in nasal polyp tissues from 26 patients and inferior turbinate mucosa tissues (ITMTs) from 20 healthy persons. The May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining method was used to identify eosinophils.
RESULTSIn eosinophils, the positive cell expressive rates of Bcl-2 mRNA and its protein were significantly higher in the group with nasal polyps than in the ITMT group (P < 0.01). Although the positive cell expressive rate of Bax mRNA and associated protein were a little higher in the group with nasal polyp tissues than in the ITMT group, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). There was PKC expression in the eosinophils of 26 cases of nasal polyps, but occasional PKC expression in 7 of 20 ITMT cases. In the two groups, PKC positive cell expression was significantly different, and the expression of PKC and bcl-2 mRNA as well as associated protein in eosinophils of nasal polyps showed a remarkably positive relationship (r1 = 0.0875, r2 = 0.0823, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONSIncreased PKC expression in eosinophils of nasal polyp tissues is closely associated with apoptosis inhibition, and it is presumed that eosinophil apoptosis inhibition in nasal polyp tissues is obtained by activation of the PKC signal transduction pathway.
Adult ; Aged ; Cell Division ; Eosinophils ; enzymology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Polyps ; enzymology ; pathology ; Protein Kinase C ; analysis ; Signal Transduction ; physiology
3.Degranulation of human eosinophils induced by Paragonimus westermani-secreted protease.
Myeong Heon SHIN ; Young Bae CHUNG ; Hirohito KITA
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2005;43(1):33-37
Eosinophil degranulation is considered to be a key effector function for the killing of helminthic worms and tissue inflammation at worm-infected lesion sites. However, relatively little data are available with regard to eosinophil response after stimulation with worm-secreted products which contain a large quantity of cysteine proteases. In this study, we attempted to determine whether the degranulation of human eosinophils could be induced by the direct stimulation of the excretory-secretory products (ESP) of Paragonimus westermani, which causes pulmonary paragonimiasis in human beings. Incubation of eosinophils for 3 hr with Paragonimus-secreted products resulted in marked degranulation, as evidenced by the release of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) in the culture supernatants. Moreover, superoxide anion was produced by eosinophils after stimulation of the ESP. The ESP-induced EDN release was found to be significantly inhibited when the ESP was pretreated with protease inhibitor cocktail or the cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. These findings suggest that human eosinophils become degranulated in response to P. westermani-secreted proteases, which may contribute to in vivo tissue inflammation around the worms.
Animals
;
*Cell Degranulation
;
Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism/*physiology
;
Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin/metabolism
;
Eosinophils/*physiology
;
Humans
;
Paragonimus westermani/*enzymology
;
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
;
Superoxides/metabolism
;
Time Factors
4.Demonstration of Charcot-Leyden crystals by acid-fast stains applied on tissues.
Xian-min BU ; Li-qing YAO ; Zhi-yong ZHENG ; Xi-sheng XIONG
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2006;35(1):47-47
Crystallization
;
Eosinophils
;
enzymology
;
Fascioliasis
;
pathology
;
Granuloma
;
pathology
;
Humans
;
Liver
;
pathology
;
ultrastructure
;
Lung
;
pathology
;
ultrastructure
;
Lung Diseases, Parasitic
;
pathology
;
Lysophospholipase
;
metabolism
;
Paragonimiasis
;
pathology
5.A 27 kDa Cysteine Protease Secreted by Newly Excysted Paragonimus westermani Metacercariae Induces Superoxide Anion Production and Degranulation of Human Eosinophils.
Young Bae CHUNG ; Hirohito KITA ; Myeong Heon SHIN
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2008;46(2):95-99
Eosinophil degranulation plays a crucial role in tissue inflammatory reactions associated with helminth parasitic nfections and allergic diseases. Paragonimus westermani, a lung fluke causing human paragonimiasis, secretes a large amount of cysteine proteases, which are involved in nutrient uptake, tissue invasion, and modulation of hos's immune responses. There is, however, limited information about the response of eosinophils to direct stimulation by cysteine proteases (CP) secreted by P. westermani. In the present study, we tested whether degranulation and superoxide production from human eosinophils can be induced by stimulation of the 2 CP (27 kDa and 28 kDa) purified from excretory-secretory products (ESP) of P. westermani newly excysted metacercariae (PwNEM). A large quantity of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) was detected in the culture supernatant when human eosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood were incubated with the purified 27 kDa CP. Furthermore, the 27 kDa CP induced superoxide anion production by eosinophils in time- and dose-dependent manners. In contrast, the purified 28 kDa CP did not induce superoxide production and degranulation. These findings suggest that the 27 kDa CP secreted by PwNEM induces superoxide production and degranulation of human eosinophils, which may be involved in eosinophil-mediated tissue inflammatory responses during the larval migration in human paragonimiasis.
Animals
;
Astacoidea/parasitology
;
*Cell Degranulation
;
Cysteine Endopeptidases/*immunology/isolation & purification
;
Eosinophils/*immunology/metabolism
;
Helminth Proteins/*immunology/isolation & purification
;
Humans
;
Paragonimiasis/*immunology/metabolism
;
Paragonimus westermani/*enzymology/isolation & purification
;
Superoxides/*immunology
6.Association of nasal inflammation and lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren based on an epidemiological survey.
Jun Ho MYUNG ; Hyun Jeong SEO ; Soo Jeong PARK ; Bo Young KIM ; Il Sang SHIN ; Jun Hak JANG ; Yun Kyung KIM ; An Soo JANG
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2015;30(2):226-231
BACKGROUND/AIMS: We sought to increase our understanding of the rhinitis-asthma relationship and improve strategies for the treatment of patients with these diseases. The aim of this study was to identify a connection between upper airway inflammation and lower airway responsiveness. METHODS: We counted eosinophils on nasal smears, and performed spirometry, allergic skin tests, and methacholine challenge tests in 308 schoolchildren plus a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. The methacholine concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (PC20 < 25 mg/mL) was used as the threshold of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). RESULTS: In total, 26% of subjects had positive nasal eosinophils on a smear, and 46.2% of subjects had BHR at < 25 mg/mL methacholine PC20. Nasal symptoms were higher in subjects with than without nasal eosinophils (p = 0.012). Asthma symptoms did not differ between subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. Nasal eosinophils were higher in subjects with atopy than those without (p = 0.006), and there was no difference in PC20 methacholine according to atopy (15.5 +/- 1.07 vs. 17.5 +/- 0.62; p > 0.05). No difference in BHR was detected when comparing subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. There were significant differences in the PC20 between subjects with greater than 50% nasal eosinophils and without nasal eosinophils (11.01 +/- 2.92 mg/mL vs. 17.38 +/- 0.61 mg/mL; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that nasal eosinophilic inflammation might contribute to lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren, based on an epidemiological survey.
Adolescent
;
Age Distribution
;
Age Factors
;
Asthma/diagnosis/*epidemiology/physiopathology
;
Bronchial Hyperreactivity/diagnosis/*enzymology/physiopathology
;
Bronchial Provocation Tests
;
Child
;
Eosinophilia/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology
;
Eosinophils/immunology
;
Female
;
Health Surveys
;
Humans
;
Intradermal Tests
;
Leukocyte Count
;
Lung/*physiopathology
;
Male
;
Nasal Mucosa/*immunology
;
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
;
Rhinitis/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology
;
Spirometry
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
7.Enhanced Resolution of Eosinophilic Liver Abscess Associated with Toxocariasis by Albendazole Treatment.
Eun Young JANG ; Moon Seok CHOI ; Geum Youn GWAK ; Kwang Cheol KOH ; Seung Woon PAIK ; Joon Hyeok LEE ; Yong Han PAIK ; Byung Chul YOO
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2015;65(4):222-228
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Visceral larva migrans, caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, has emerged as a significant cause of eosinophilic liver abscess (ELA). Differentiation of ELA associated with toxocariasis (ELA-T) from metastasis or primary liver malignancy is sometimes difficult. However, the role of albendazole treatment remains uncertain in this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether albendazole can enhance the radiologic resolution of ELA-T. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients diagnosed with ELA-T at our institution between January 2008 and December 2011. ELA-T was diagnosed based on the imaging findings on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and the presence of positive serum IgG antibody for Toxocara canis. Among a total of 163 patients, 32 patients received albendazole (albendazole group) and 131 did not (control group). Baseline characteristics and fate of liver nodules were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics (age, sex, number and maximal size of lesions, eosinophil count) were similar between the two groups. Median duration for achieving radiologic resolution in the albendazole group was significantly shorter than in the control group (207 days [range 186-228] vs. 302 days [range 224-380], p=0.023). In Cox regression analysis of the cumulative rates of radiologic resolution, the hazard ratio for albendazole treatment was 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 1.22-3.23). CONCLUSIONS: Radiologic resolution of ELA-T can be accelerated with albendazole treatment. Hence, inconvenience associated with long-term follow-up and unnecessary worries among patients can be eliminated with albendazole treatment.
Adult
;
Aged
;
Aged, 80 and over
;
Albendazole/*therapeutic use
;
Animals
;
Antiprotozoal Agents/*therapeutic use
;
Eosinophils/*immunology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Immunoglobulin G/blood
;
Larva Migrans, Visceral/*drug therapy/parasitology
;
Liver/enzymology/metabolism
;
Liver Abscess/*etiology
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Proportional Hazards Models
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
;
Toxocara canis/immunology/isolation & purification