All authors would like to withdraw the article because they have found a mistake in selecting subjects for this study.

No abstract available.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Neoplastic Stem Cells

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to know whether silibinin has an anticancer effect on triple negative breast cancer xenograft model using MDA-MB-468 cells. METHODS: To establish the xenograft model, we injected the MDA-MB-468 cells into female Balb/c-nude mice. After establishing a xenograft model, oral silibinin was administered to the tested mice in the way of 200 mg/kg for 45 days. The difference of mean tumor volume between silibinin fed mice and control mice was analyzed. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in MDA-MB-468 cells was analyzed by Western blotting. The expression of VEGF, COX-2, and MMP-9 genes in tumor tissue was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: In the xenograft model using MDA-MB-468 cells, we found that oral administration of silibinin significantly suppressed the tumor volume (silibinin treated mice vs. control mice; 230.3 +/- 61.6 mm3 vs. 435.7 +/- 93.5 mm3, P < 0.001). The phosphorylation of EGFR in MDA-MB-468 cells was inhibited by treatment with 50 microg/mL of silibinin. In real time-PCR analysis of tumor tissue obtained from sacrificed mice, the gene expression of MMP-9, VEGF, and COX-2 was 51.8%-80% smaller in silibinin group than that of control group and we can also verify the similar result using Western blotting analysis. CONCLUSION: We verified that silibinin had anticancer effect on xenograft model of MDA-MB-468 cells in the way of preventing the phosphorylation of EGFR and eventually suppressed the production of COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9 expression. Finally, the tumor volume of xenograft models was decreased after administration of Silibinin.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Heterografts* ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ; Tumor Burden ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

PURPOSE: The result of embolization via an external superior ophthalmic vein approach of carotid cavernous sinus fistula was first described around 1970s. We report a case of coil embolization of carotid cavernous sinus fistula using a superior ophthalmic vein approach. METHODS: A 70-year-old female had a 3-month history of headache, periocular pain, and diplopia. Diagnostic orbital contrast-enhanced CT, brain MRI and contrast-angiography and cerebral angiography revealed a carotid cavernous sinus fistula. Fistula occlusion via transfemoral endovascular embolization failed, so we then tried coil embolization using an external superior ophthalmic vein approach of carotid cavernous sinus fistula. RESULTS: The coil embolization via an external superior ophthalmic vein approach was difficult because of venous tortuosity and poor exposure of part of orbital roof area. But, X-ray-guided direct puncture of the superior ophthalmic vein was successful. We thus had good results with coil embolization of carotid cavernous fistula. CONCLUSIONS: The coil embolization via superior ophthalmic vein approach is an effective and challengeable treatment when surgical cauterization or conventional endovascular embolization fails. We suggest that there is need to training ophthalmologists to be experienced in external orbital surgery.
Aged ; Brain ; Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula* ; Cautery ; Cerebral Angiography ; Diplopia ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Female ; Fistula ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orbit ; Punctures ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Veins*

No abstract available.
Breast

BACKGROUND: To evaluate clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings and response to treatment in adult Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura (HSP) patients with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. METHODS: Twenty patients who were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital between 1996 and 2003 were included, based on the following criteria: 1) diagnosed as HSP according to the criteria proposed by Michel et al., 2) older than 15 years old and 3) had evidences of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Thirteen HSP patients who were older than 15 years old and had no evidences of GI bleeding were recruited as controls. We evaluated the clinical features and findings of upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy. RESULTS: Mean age and male to female ratio were not significantly different between patients with and without hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (age: 29.5 +/- 15.1 vs. 30.5 +/- 13.5; M:F=14:6 vs. 9:4, respectively). Patients with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis had a significantly higher frequency of petechiae on the upper extremities (p=0.015). In the multivariate analysis, petechial lesion on the upper extremities was a significant risk factor for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (p=0.041). Mucosal lesions were found in 94.7% and 83.3% of patients on upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy, showing that most patients (82.3%) had both upper and lower GI bleeding. Most patients with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis showed good response to high dose glucocorticoid therapy. Mortality and relapse rate were 10% and 5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In adult HSP patients, presence of petechiae on upper extremities may be a risk factor for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. The present data suggest that both upper and lower GI examinations are necessary for proper evaluation of HSP patients with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Colonoscopy ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Gastroenteritis* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Purpura* ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Upper Extremity

Terephthaloyl chloride, a chemical of low molecular weight, is used as an intermediate by a fabric manufacturing industry. It is known to cause gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin irritation. However, it has not been reported as a cause of occupational asthma till now. We report a case of occupational asthma caused by prolonged exposure to terephthaloyl chloride in the workplace. A 38 year-old man visited at the Allergy Clinic because of cough, dyspnea and wheezing for 5 years. He had worked at a factory for 15 years where he was involved in the process of manufacturing fabrics. At presentation, he had no symptoms and showed no abnormality on physical examination. When challenged with vapor of terephthaloyl chloride, he experienced sneezing and paroxysmal cough in a couple of minutes, followed by dyspnea and wheezing at 10 min. He also experienced urticarial rashes on the face and chest. The pulmonary function tests showed an atypical prolonged immediate airway response. PC20 methacholine decreased from 5 mg/ml to 0.79 mg/ml 24 hours after the challenge. Light microscopic examination of bronchial biopsies showed loss of epithelium, thickening of basement membrane, submucosal fibrosis, and increased inflammatory cell infiltration. The immediate drop in FEV1 and urticarial rash to terephthaloyl chloride suggests the possibility of an immediate hypersensitivity immune reaction. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanism of terephthaloyl chloride induced asthma.
Adult ; Asthma ; Asthma, Occupational* ; Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Epithelium ; Exanthema ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Methacholine Chloride ; Molecular Weight ; Physical Examination ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory Sounds ; Skin ; Sneezing ; Thorax

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) characterized by skeletal muscle inflammation and typical skin manifestations. Creatine kinase (CK) has traditionally been considered to be the most useful serum enzyme for the diagnosis and assessment of adult patients with IIM. To our knowledge, there has been no reported case of biopsy-proven DM without CK elevation in Korea, to date. Panniculitis is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation in adult patients with DM. A search of the PubMed database reveals fewer than 30 reported cases of panniculitis in adult patients with DM. Here, we report a case of a 42-year-old female who was diagnosed with biopsy-proven DM with normal serum CK levels and panniculitis.
Adult ; Creatine Kinase* ; Creatine* ; Dermatomyositis* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myositis ; Panniculitis ; Skin Manifestations

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (RD) is an immune-mediated, systemic fibroinflammatory condition characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. IgG4-RD has become recognized with increasing frequency since the turn of the century and may affect almost any organ. IgG4-RD also involves the meninges but, to the best of our knowledge, no case of IgG4-related intracranial pachymeningitis with periaortitis has been reported in Korea to date. Here, we report on a 65 year-old male with IgG4-RD involving the meninges and aorta.
Aorta ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Korea ; Male ; Meninges ; Meningitis* ; Phlebitis ; Plasma Cells

PURPOSE: Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP) is a rare disase, which causes chronic progressive inflammation and thickening of the basal dura mater. We report a case of IHCP associated with superior oblique paralysis and present a review of the literature. METHODS: An 8-year-old boy presented with binocular diplopia and left side head tilting. Suspecting right superior oblique muscle paralysis, an alternating prism test, head tilt test, fundus examinations, neurologic examination, and brain MRI were performed. RESULTS: The brain MRI revealed abnormal enhancement of the right tentorium in the course of the right fourth cranial nerve, leading to a diagnosis of IHCP with paralytic strabismus and the patient was treated with systemic steroid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of IHCP with right superior oblique paralysis. Patients with recent onset paralytic strabismus require appropriate neurolgic and neuroimaging examinations.
Brain ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Dura Mater ; Head ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningitis* ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Paralysis* ; Strabismus ; Telescopes ; Trochlear Nerve