PURPOSE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of blindness, with retinal detachment occurring due to oxygen toxicity in preterm infants. Recently, advances in neonatal care have led to improved survival rates for preterm infants, and ROP has increased in incidence. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether or not resveratrol exhibits protective effects in an animal model of ROP and in primary retinal cell cultures of neonatal rat via nitric oxide (NO)-modulating actions using western blotting and real-time PCR with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) antibodies and mRNAs. METHODS: In an in vivo oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, cyclic hyperoxia was induced with 80% O2 for one day and 21% O2 for one day from P1 to P14 in newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Resveratrol was injected intravitreally for seven days and rats were sacrificed at P21. In vitro OIR primary retinal cell culture was performed using P0-2 SD rats. Hyperoxia injuries were induced through 100% O2 exposure for six hours. Western blotting and real-time PCR using iNOS, eNOS, nNOS antibodies and primers were performed in the rat model of ROP and the dispersed retinal cell culture. RESULTS: In both in vivo and in vitro OIR, the expression of iNOS antibody and mRNA was increased and of eNOS and nNOS were reduced in the resveratrol-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, resveratrol appeared to exert retinal protective effects via modulation of NO-mediated mechanism in in vivo and in vitro OIR models.
Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Blotting, Western ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/*metabolism ; Oxygen/toxicity ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retina/drug effects/pathology ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/*metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stilbenes/*pharmacology

PURPOSE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness with retinal detachment due to oxygen toxicity in preterm infants. Recently advances in neonatal care had to led improved survival rates in premature infants and ROP re-emerged as a significant clinical problem. In the present study, we aimed to determine the protective abilities of minocycline in a animal model of ROP and a primary retinal cell cultures of neonatal rat via anti-apoptotic actions using Western blotting and real-time PCR with Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 antibodies and mRNAs. METHODS: In the in vivo oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), the cyclic hyperoxia was performed that 80% O2 for 1 day and 21% O2 for 1 day from P1-14 of newborn rats. Minocycline was injected intravitreously for 7 days and sacrificed at P21. In the in vitro OIR, primary retinal cell culture was done using P0-P2 SD rats. Hyperoxia injury was done for 100% O2 exposure for 6 hours. Western blotting and real-time PCR using Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 antibody and primer were done in the rat model of ROP and the dispersed retinal cell culture. To identify photoreceptors of retinal cells the immunofluorescence assay photoreceptor marker, IRBP, was used. RESULTS: In the in vivo OIR, the expression of Bcl-2 antibody and mRNA was increased and those of Bax and caspase-3 were reduced in the minocycline-treated group. In the in vitro OIR, the result was the same as above. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, minocycline was suggested to have retinal protective effects for hyperoxic injury via anti-apoptotic mechanism.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Apoptosis ; Blindness ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Diterpenes ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Hyperoxia ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Minocycline ; Models, Animal ; Oxygen ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; RNA, Messenger ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: We report a case of tectonic lamellar corneal patch graft using acellular corneal tissue (Halo Sterile Cornea; Lions VisionGift, Portland, OR, USA) for treating a large corneal ulcer perforation CASE SUMMARY: A 72-year-old male previously treated for corneal ulcer was referred after presenting with decreased vision and abrupt tears in the right eye. His best-corrected visual acuity was 0.025 (20/800) and slit-lamp examination showed collapsed anterior chamber and 2 x 2 mm corneal perforation with protruded iris at the peripheral cornea. Infiltration in superficial stroma was observed near the perforation. Despite conjunctival flap, the cornea showed leakage due to perforation. To preserve ocular integrity, the patient underwent tectonic lamellar corneal patch graft using acellular corneal tissue. After surgery, the corneal patch graft was well attached. Re-epithelialization occurred after 3 days. There was no recurrence of perforation or corneal graft melting. Visual acuity improved to 0.32 (20/63) after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Tectonic lamellar corneal patch graft using acellular corneal tissue can be a useful treatment option in large corneal ulcer perforation located at the periphery.
Aged ; Anterior Chamber ; Cornea* ; Corneal Perforation ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Freezing ; Humans ; Iris ; Lions ; Male ; Re-Epithelialization ; Recurrence ; Tears ; Transplants* ; Visual Acuity

Partial monosomy of chromosome 10q is a rare chromosomal anomaly. Most cases of partial deletion 10q have chromosome breakpoints in the 10q25 or 10q26 region. Recently about 30 cases with breakpoint in the 10q26 region have been reported. Partial trisomy of chromosome 22q is also a rare chromosomal anomaly. Most cases of partial duplication 22q are 22q proximal segment duplications known as Cat-eye syndrome. The other cases, 22q11.2 microduplications and 22q distal long arm (22qter) duplications, are also reported but exceedingly rare. We experienced a male neonate who had facial dysmorphisms, congenital heart defect and cryptorchidism. His chromosomal analysis revealed an deletion of chromosome 10q26.1-->qter and duplication of chromosome 22q11.2-->qter caused by maternal balanced translocation e.g. partial monosomy 10q and partial trisomy 22q. Although some cases of partial monosomy 10q were accompanied by other chromosomal abnormalities, this combination of chromosomal abnormalities has not been reported in the literature.
Arm ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Breakpoints ; Chromosome Deletion* ; Cryptorchidism ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Trisomy*

PURPOSE: To determine if routine otorhinolaryngologic referral prior to endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) is necessary. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-seven eyes of 178 patients who were supposed to undergo EN-DCR were prospectively analyzed. Nasal endoscopy was performed by an ophthalmologist and the patients who had severe abnormality were referred to an otorhinolaryngologist. The patients were classified into 3 groups after a preoperative examination by an ophthalmologist and an otorhinolaryngologist; the number and success rate of each group were then investigated. Group A consisted of patients who had no nasal cavity abnormality, Group B consisted of patients with a nasal cavity abnormality but who received no treatment, and Group C consisted of patients who had a nasal cavity abnormality and received otorhinolaryngologic treatment. RESULTS: The number of subjects in each group was 156 in Group A (87.7%), 12 in Group B (6.7%), and 10 in Group C (5.6%). The number of patients who were referred to the otorhinolaryngologist was 22 (12.3%). There was no statistical significance of success rate between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Routine nasal endoscopic examination should be performed by an ophthalmologist prior to EN-DCR. Only patients with severe abnormal findings should be referred to an otorhinolaryngologist as the results from the present study show the percentage of patients having significant nasal abnormalities was found to be low (12%) and the success rate of EN-DCR revealed no statistical significance between the groups. This could help patients by saving time and expense.
Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Endoscopy ; Eye ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Prospective Studies ; Referral and Consultation

PURPOSE: To introduce an effective new surgical approach with high-frequency radio-wave electrosurgery to remove eyelid epidermal cysts. METHODS: Thirteen patients (13 eyes) with eyelid epidermal cysts were enrolled in the present study. All patients underwent high-frequency radio-wave electrosurgery (Ellman surgitron(R)) to remove the epidermal cyst. The results were analyzed retrospectively, after a follow-up of more than 6 months. RESULTS: At 6 months postoperatively, all eyes showed no recurrence of epidermal cyst. Additionally, no complications were reported by any patient. CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency radio-wave electrosurgery is an effective procedure to remove eyelid epidermal cyst without recurrence.
Electrosurgery* ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Eyelids* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies