No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

In 2023, Korea had 104953 diagnostic radiological devices installed across 43529 medical institutions, with 398947394 examinations performed. The number of devices and examinations rank among the highest by OECD standards. The average medical radiation dose per individual was 3.13 mSv, representing an increase of approximately 27.2% compared to 2020, contrary to the global trend of decreasing radiation exposure. This study aimed to review various research activities by the Korean Society of Radiology, its members, and other researchers to reduce radiation exposure and explore additional strategies to further mitigate this issue.

In 2023, Korea had 104953 diagnostic radiological devices installed across 43529 medical institutions, with 398947394 examinations performed. The number of devices and examinations rank among the highest by OECD standards. The average medical radiation dose per individual was 3.13 mSv, representing an increase of approximately 27.2% compared to 2020, contrary to the global trend of decreasing radiation exposure. This study aimed to review various research activities by the Korean Society of Radiology, its members, and other researchers to reduce radiation exposure and explore additional strategies to further mitigate this issue.

In 2023, Korea had 104953 diagnostic radiological devices installed across 43529 medical institutions, with 398947394 examinations performed. The number of devices and examinations rank among the highest by OECD standards. The average medical radiation dose per individual was 3.13 mSv, representing an increase of approximately 27.2% compared to 2020, contrary to the global trend of decreasing radiation exposure. This study aimed to review various research activities by the Korean Society of Radiology, its members, and other researchers to reduce radiation exposure and explore additional strategies to further mitigate this issue.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical, MR imaging, and pathologic findings of pediatric meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and MR images of 16 pediatric patients with pathologically proven meningioma. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 14 years (range, 3-18). MR images were reviewed for details of lesion sizes, locations, signal intensity (SI), marginal characteristics, internal architectures, enhancements, and dural and parenchymal changes. The findings of other imaging modalities and of pathological examinations were also analyzed. RESULTS: Mean tumor size was 5.24 cm (range, 1.3-18.1 cm) and locations were supratentorial in 12 and infratentorial in 4. SI of masses were variable, that is, high in 9, iso in 4, and low in 3 on T2 weighted images (T2WI), and low (n=11), iso (n=4), or high (n=1) on T1WI images. All lesions were visualized as well-demarcated enhancing masses. Five of the tumors were heterogeneous with cystic or necrotic components. Dural attachment was observed in 11 patients and adjacent brain edema in 10. Tumors exhibited hyperdense (n=6) or isodense (n=4) on nonenhanced CT scans, and 3 of the 7 angiograms demonstrated blood supply from the internal carotid artery. Pathologic examinations revealed the following subtypes; transitional cell (n=4), meningotheliomatous (n=4), chordoid (n=2), fibrous (n=2), clear cell (n=1), hyalinized (n=1), rhabdoid papillary (n=1), and atypical (n=1). CONCLUSION: Pediatric meningiomas occur usually in teenagers, have diverse pathological types, and may produce atypical imaging findings, such as, a heterogeneous internal content or findings suggestive of intraaxial tumors.
Adolescent ; Brain Edema ; Brain Neoplasms ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Medical Records ; Meningioma ; Retrospective Studies

In South Korea, attempted suicide by paraquat (PQ) intoxication is fairly common, and is lethal by pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxemia. However, the treatment of PQ poisoning is primarily supportive management. To increase the survival rate associated with PQ intoxication, many treatments have been developed. Here, we treated a case of PQ intoxication with steroid pulse therapy. A 23-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of PQ intoxication. He drank two mouthfuls of Gramoxon (24% commercial paraquat). His vital signs were stable, but he had a throat infection, and navy blue urine in the sodium dithionite test. Standard treatment, including gastric lavage with activated charcoal was performed, and emergent hemoperfusion with a charcoal filter was initiated 11 h after PQ ingestion. Pharmacotherapy was initiated 18 h after PQ ingestion with the administration of 5 mg dexamethasone. On day 10, chest PA showed pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, we initiated steroid pulse therapy, with 1 g methylprednisolone in 100 mL of D5W administered over 1 h repeated daily for 3 days, and 1g cyclophosphamide in 100 mL of D5W administered over 1 h daily for 2 days. On day 15, dexamethasone therapy was initiated. On day 30, pulmonary fibrosis was improved. Thus, if pulmonary fibrosis becomes exacerbated after dexamethasone therapy during the subacute stage, pulse therapy with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide could be helpful.
Anoxia ; Charcoal ; Cyclophosphamide ; Dexamethasone ; Dithionite ; Eating ; Gastric Lavage ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Methylprednisolone ; Mouth ; Paraquat ; Pharynx ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Republic of Korea ; Suicide, Attempted ; Survival Rate ; Thorax ; Vital Signs ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop auditory-verbal and visual-spatial memory tasks using smart devices for children aged 8 to 10 years and examine their validity. METHODS: One-hundred and fourteen school-aged children were recruited through internet advertising. We developed memory tasks assessing auditory-verbal memory, visual-spatial memory, and working memory, and then examined their construct validity by examining the developmental trend of the children's mean scores with age. In order to examine the concurrent validity of the tasks, we conducted correlation analyses between the children's scores on the newly developed auditory-verbal, visual-spatial memory and working memory tasks and their scores on well-known standardized tests of memory and working memory, including the auditory-verbal memory subtests of the Korean Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for Children, Korean Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, digit span and arithmetic subtest of Korean Educational Development Institute Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised, and Corsi block test. RESULTS: The memory and working memory scores measured by the newly developed tasks tended to increase with age. Further, there were significant correlations between the scores of the four cognitive tasks and the corresponding scores of the standardized assessment tools. CONCLUSION: This study revealed promising evidence for the validity of the memory tasks using smart devices, suggesting their utility for school-aged children in research and clinical settings.
Child* ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Internet ; Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery ; Memory* ; Memory, Short-Term

Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia is a relatively rare benign lesion. In 1954 Casteman described the first case of this process occurring in the anterior mediastinum. This lesion was subsequently described in a number of case reports under various names including Castleman's disease, lymph nodal hamartoma, follicular lympho-reticuloma, angiofollicular lymph-node hyperplasia, angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma, and benign giant lymphoma. Although the mediastinum is the most common location, they also occur in other areas of the body, usually where lymph nodes are normally found. However, intraspinal location has been seldom described in literatures. Recently, authors experienced a case of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia in the thoracic spinal canal, which was operated upon for paraparesis below T10, in a 17 year old male. The tumor was located between the levels of T8 to T10, and was encircling the subjacent spinal cord. This lesion was successfully removed. The patient is in good condition postoperatively. A brief review of pertinent literatures was made.
Adolescent ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia* ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Paraparesis ; Spinal Canal* ; Spinal Cord

Although diseases of the parotid gland are relatively uncommon in children, a variety of benign and malignant lesions may occur and the use of imaging is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasonography (US) is the initial imaging modality utilized for suspected parotid lesions, and its use may suggest a correct diagnosis in an adequate clinical setting. The use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful for the assessment of large and atypical lesions. These modalities also allow the ability to image the deep parotid lobe and to better define the nature of a lesion. CT is the preferred imaging modality for inflammatory processes, including suspected sialolithiasis, abscesses and salivary duct obstructions, whereas MRI is usually used to evaluate tumors due to excellent anatomic resolution and a lack of ionizing radiation exposure, especially in children. This report describes the imaging findings of various parotid gland lesions in children. Familiarity with these findings will aid in lesion characterization and should facilitate optimal clinical management.
Abscess ; Child ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parotid Gland ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Salivary Ducts ; Salivary Gland Calculi ; Tomography, X-Ray