In Trang An polyclinics in Ha Noi, with ELISA technique, 35 healthy people (27 female aged 20-38, 8 male aged 25-37) undergone an examination of serum CA153-3 and 31 other healthy people (17 female aged 21-38, 14 male aged 22-41) an examination of resum CA125. The technique is complicated needing precaution and accuracy; for each examination, it is recommended a standard graphic with a standard sample determined antigen concentration. CA15-3 normal concentration is 2.37-18.17 U/ml, and CA125 is 7.17-38.37 U/ml
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; serum

OBJECTIVETo evaluate chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) and ELISA in determination of low level HBsAg.

METHODSAccording to the standard of CLIA Architect i2000, 70 samples were divided into three groups by HBsAg concentration : <1 ng/ml, 1-5 ng/ml and >4 ng/ml. The samples were also determined by ECLIA MODULAR170 and ELISA, and the results were compared with those measured by CLIA Architect i2000.

RESULTSThe concordance rates of ECLIA MODULAR170 with Architect i2000 was 79.2% for <1 ng/ml group, 100% for 1-5 ng/ml group, 100% for >4 ng/ml group. And the concordance rates of ELISA with Architect i2000 was 0 % for <1 ng/ml group, 45.5% for 1-5 ng/ml group and 100 % for >4 ng/ml group.

CONCLUSIONFor determination of low level HBsAg,CLIA Architect i2000 and ECLIA MODULAR170 have high credibility. ELISA is also credible when HBsAg >5 ng/ml, but not for low level HBsAg, especially for HBsAg <1 ng/ml.

OBJECTIVETo identify a cost-efficient alternative antibody testing strategy for screening and confirmation of HIV infection by rapid simple tests (RSTs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).

METHODSFour RSTs (RST1, RST2, RST3, and RST4) and five ELISAs (ELISA1, ELISA2, ELISA3, ELISA4, and ELISA5) were evaluated in two phases by using banked and serum specimens prospectively collected at regional hospitals and voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) centers in Beijing. A total of 200 banked serum specimens were included in the first phase, including 62 HIV-positive, 127 HIV-negative and 11 indeterminate specimens. All specimens were tested by four RSTs and five ELISAs respectively. The second phase involved prospective testing of 389 routine specimens, including 92 HIV-positive, 287 HIV-negative, and 10 indeterminate specimens. All the specimens were tested by two RSTs (RST2 and RST4) and three ELISAs (ELISA1, ELISA3, and ELISA4), which were selected for their respective excellent sensitivity and/or specificity. Western blot (WB) was used as a gold standard for confirming the reactivity of all the specimens.

RESULTSSensitivity, specificity, and efficacy were calculated for each assay in two phases. In the first phase, four assays (ELISA4, RST2, RST3, and RST4) had a specificity of 100%. For the determination of efficacy, ELISA4, RST2, and RST4 were selected in the second phase. ELISA1 and ELISA3 which have a sensitivity of 95.9% and 93.2% respectively also entered this phase. In the second phase, all the five assays (ELISA1, ELISA3, ELISA4, RST2, and RST4) had a sensitivity and specifity of over 90%. ELISA1 had a sensitivity of 99% and ELISA4 a specificity of 99%.

CONCLUSIONThe sensitivity ELISA1 and the specificit of ELISA4 are comparable to ELISA/WB standard strategy. Application of this alternative testing strategy provides a cost-effective method for determining HIV prevalence in Beijing.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rat periodontal ligament cell viability under 0℃/2 MPa condition up to one week using in vivo 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As soon as 110 upper molar teeth of rats were extracted, they were stored in Hartman's solution under 0℃/2 MPa condition for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days each. All specimens were treated with in vivo MTT assay and the value of optical density was measured by ELISA reader. These values were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULT: There was no statistical difference on MTT value between immediate and 1 day storage group. There were statistically significant differences between 1 day and 2 days tsorage, 2 and 3 days storage groups, respectively. Teeth of 3,4, and 7 days storage groups showed significantly lower MTT valuesc ompared with shorter period storage groups. CONCLUSION: When the MTT values were substituted in standard curve, 1 day storage group at 0℃/2 MPa condition showed 68% cell viability when compared with immediate group. It dropped to 13% at 2 days, and to less than 5% at 3 days or more.
Animals ; Cell Survival ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Methods* ; Molar ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Rats* ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2) is expressed and released predominantly activated T lymphocyte. Increased serum levels of soluble IL-2R have been noted in a variety of autoimmune diseases and in conditions associated with T lymphocyte activation. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine whether the T lymphocyte activation has any association with the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease. METHOD: We have measured the serum level of soluble IL-2R in serum samples obtained from 67 patients with Behçet's disease and 30 healthy people as a control group, using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. RESULTS: Serum soluble IL-2R levels were found to be significantly elevated in the group of Behçet's disease as compared with the control group. No significant differences were found within clinical subtypes of Behçet's disease. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the presence of an ongoing T lymphocyte activation in this disease process.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-2* ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes ; Methods ; Receptors, Interleukin-2*

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2) is expressed and released predominantly activated T lymphocyte. Increased serum levels of soluble IL-2R have been noted in a variety of autoimmune diseases and in conditions associated with T lymphocyte activation. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine whether the T lymphocyte activation has any association with the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease. METHOD: We have measured the serum level of soluble IL-2R in serum samples obtained from 67 patients with Behçet's disease and 30 healthy people as a control group, using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. RESULTS: Serum soluble IL-2R levels were found to be significantly elevated in the group of Behçet's disease as compared with the control group. No significant differences were found within clinical subtypes of Behçet's disease. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the presence of an ongoing T lymphocyte activation in this disease process.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-2* ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes ; Methods ; Receptors, Interleukin-2*

BACKGROUND: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS), otherwise called myofascial pain is one of the most common temporomandibular disorders, which in turn is the most common cause of orofacial pain of non-dental origin. Its etiology is multifactorial and still poorly understood. Psychological factors have been shown to play a role in the etiology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in patients with myofascial pain. METHODS: Twenty patients suffering from myofascial pain were recruited as the study group. The same number of age and sex matched healthy individuals were taken as the control group. The salivary samples collected between 9-9:15 am from both groups were analyzed for cortisol levels with the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Anxiety levels of 40 patients were measured using Hamilton's anxiety scale. RESULTS: The mean serum cortisol level of the MPDS group showed a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) from the controls. The mean anxiety scores of the MPDS group showed a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) from the controls. A positive correlation was found between anxiety and the salivary cortisol levels in MPDS patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that anxiety plays a vital role in the etio-pathogenesis of MPDS; thus, besides pharmacological treatment, psychological support is also needed.
Anxiety* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Facial Pain ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Methods ; Psychology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

This study was aimed to set up and evaluate a quantitative method for detecting lumbrokinase level in plasma. The lumbrokinase was used to immunize rabbit and BALB/c mouse for preparation of rabbit or mouse-derived polyclonal antibodies, and then the standard curves were drawn up by detecting the lumbrokinase diluted in PBS using the double antibody sandwich ELISA. This method further was analyzed for its specificity, precision and recovery rate. This established double antibody sandwich ELISA was used to assay the lumbrokinase in human plasma, and the assayed results were assessed. The results showed that a double antibody sandwich ELISA for the detection of lumbrokinase has been established. And the standard curve fitting R value > 0.99, the precision assessment showed that the measured values of coefficient of variation (CV) in 3 batches were all < 15%; recovery assessment in 3 batches showed that all the measured recovery rates were > 80%; the quantitative low limit was assessed as 5 ng/ml (precision CV < 15%, recovery rate > 85%). It is concluded that this method is consistent with the criteria stipulated by the Pharmacopeia, which provides a reliable measurement method for quantitative detection of plasma lumbrokinase in clinical trials.
Animals ; Endopeptidases ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasma ; Rabbits

Animals ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Cattle ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoassay ; methods ; Meat Products ; analysis ; Testosterone ; analysis

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a novel and rare autoimmune disease entity. Elevated serum IgG4 level is strongly suggestive of IgG4-RD. But it is still unknown whether serum IgG4 elevation commonly occurs in other autoimmune diseases. In this study, the serum IgG4 levels were detected by an established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a variety of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), polymyositis or dermatomyositis (PM/DM) and IgG4-RD. To evaluate the reliability of this ELISA system, some of our samples were sent to a lab in Kanazawa Medical University, Japan, and detected by using the nephelometric assay. The results showed that our findings were consistent with theirs. Moreover, it was found that the serum IgG4 levels were 0.23±0.16 g/L in 53 healthy controls, 0.16±0.15 g/L in 103 SLE patients, 0.22±0.18 g/L in 41 SS patients and 0.40±0.32 g/L in 21 PM/DM patients. No significant difference in the serum IgG4 level was observed among these groups (P>0.05). The serum IgG4 levels of two cases of IgG4-RD were 1.63 and 4.65 g/L respectively, and both decreased markedly after treatment with glucocorticoids. These data indicated that this established ELISA system can be used for detecting serum IgG4 levels. Elevated serum IgG4 levels help diagnose IgG4-RD and evaluate the curative effect of this condition rather than other autoimmune diseases.
Autoimmune Diseases ; blood ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood