No abstract available.
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Humans

No abstract available.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors* ; Losartan*

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have a good effects for patients with primary hypertension and in solving some outcomes of the diseases leading to left ventricular insuffiency. The mechanism of the drugs is to bind zinc ion of angiotension converting enzyme. Therefore, the effect of converting angiotensin I into angiotension II was lost. Angiotension II has effect of the smooth muscle stimulation, aldosterone excretion, hemodynamic change, catecholomine release and glucocorticoid exeretion.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

No Abstract available.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors* ; Angiotensins* ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A*

INTRODUCTION: The pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed a serious challenge to all health care systems in the world. It has been found to be harmful in people with underlying cardiovascular diseases, particularly in patients with systemic hypertension, which may be due to upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, which may lead to increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virulence. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI) acts by blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptors, which in turn affects the production of the ACE2 protein. Hence, there have been arguments on whether to continue or discontinue this medication. Given the widespread use of RASIs globally and the fact that they are generally cardioprotective, research into the safety of continuing these maintenance medications in patients hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 is immensely needed. METHODS: This meta-analysis involved review of observational studies among hypertensive patients on maintenance ACE inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker with confirmed mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Analyses were performed to determine the adjusted hazard ratio of each event using the raw data obtained from each study. Random-effects model and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method were utilized at 95% confidence interval. To check for heterogeneity, χ2 test and I2 statistic were calculated. Cochrane ReviewManager (RevMan version 5.3) was used for data analysis, and forest plots were generated. RESULTS: At 95% confidence interval, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission at 95% confidence interval were 1.64 (1.22, 2.21) and 1.93 (1.34, 2.79), respectively. The tests of overall estimate effect for both outcomes were P < 0.0001 for all-cause mortality and P = 0.0003 for ICU admission. CONCLUSION Discontinuation of maintenance RASI during hospitalization is associated with increased all-cause mortality and ICU admission among hypertensive patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Coronavirus:COVID-19

Lyophylized antler powder was hydrolyzed by pepsin and trypsin separately and also simultaneously to give hydrolysates with special physical activities. Complete hydrolysis peptides with MW lower than 1 x 10(3) were collected for assay of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity and proliferative activity toward UMR-106 osteoblast cells. The results of the experiments revealed that all hydrolysates exhibited potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value less than 1 mg/ml which was much lower than the value of 5.5 g x L(-1) for vitamin C. The peptic and peptic tryptic hydrolysates demonstrated strong angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The tryptic hydrolysate increased the proliferation of the UMR-106 cells by 73.43%. The results verified the traditional use of antler in bone-strengthening, anti-aging. The exploratory studies on the ACE inhibitory activity of antler hydrolysates indicated that the hydrolysates might be potentially useful in prevention and treatment of hypertension. Further purification of peptides contributing to the antioxidant activity, angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity and proliferative activity toward osteoblasts from antler hydrolysates is warranted.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Antlers ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Deer ; Endopeptidases ; metabolism ; Free Radical Scavengers ; Hydrolysis ; Hypertension ; chemically induced ; Pepsin A ; metabolism ; Peptides ; pharmacology ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; metabolism ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Trypsin ; metabolism

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension. PubMed, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases were retrieved from the establishment of the database to February 2020 for clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) about Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension. The literatures were screened out according to the inclusion criteria, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. A total of 3 100 patients in 27 RCTs were enrolled. According to Meta-analysis, Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with conventional Western medicine could effectively reduce systolic blood pressure(MD=-7.88,95%CI[-9.68,-6.08],P<0.000 01) and diastolic blood pressure(MD=-7.85, 95%CI[-9.07,-6.62], P<0.000 01), triglyceride(MD=-0.46, 95%CI[-0.66,-0.26], P<0.000 01) and total cholesterol(MD=-0.92, 95%CI[-1.49,-0.35], P=0.001), but increase HDL cholesterol(MD=0.51, 95%CI[0.28, 0.73], P<0.000 01), with a better effect than the Western medicine group alone. The results of LDL-C analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups(MD=-0.91, 95%CI[-1.82, 0.01], P=0.05). The subgroup analysis suggested that reduced systolic blood pressure may be related to the use of ARB. There was a close correlation between CCB drugs and the decrease of diastolic blood pressure. In addition, there was no significant difference in the compliance and the incidence of adverse reactions. Clinical application of Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with Western medicine in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension has clear efficacy and certain safety. More clinical randomized controlled trials are needed for verification in the future.
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Essential Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Humans

To construct the pharmacophore model of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitor and to investigate the possible inhibitory mechanisms, ten pharmacophore models of PARP-1 inhibitor were established from the training set of thirty-eight PARP-1 inhibitors with conformer analysis and pharmacophore mapping by using the Catalyst software. Based on the mechanism of action and the known structure-activity relationship of PARP-1 inhibitor, an optimal pharmacophore model including two hydrogen-bonding acceptors and two aromatic hydrophobic core was confirmed. The reliability of the optimal pharmacophore model is preferably with RMS = 0.46, Correl = 0.91, Weight = 2.06, and Config = 15.97. This pharmacophore model not only provided some information about the interaction between enzyme and compound, but also showed excellent forecast ability and contributes to design the PARP-1 inhibitors with undiscovered structure.
Computer-Aided Design ; Drug Design ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Structure ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; chemistry ; Protein Conformation

OBJECTIVE: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is common condition in neurosurgical field. It is difficult to select the treatment modality between the surgical method and the conservative method when patients have no or mild symptoms. The purpose of this study is to provide a suggestion that the patients could be cured with conservative treatment modality. METHODS: We enrolled 16 patients who had received conservative treatment for cSDH without special medications which could affect hematoma resolution such as mannitol, steroids, tranexamic acid and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The patients were classified according to the Markwalder's Grading Scale. RESULTS: Among these 16 patients, 13 (81.3%) patients showed spontaneously resolved cSDH and 3 (18.7%) patients received surgery due to symptom aggravation and growing hematoma. They were categorized into two groups based on whether they were cured with conservative treatment or not. The first group was the spontaneous resolution group. The second group was the progression-surgery group. The mean hematoma volume in the spontaneous resolution group was 43.1 mL. The mean degree of midline shift in the spontaneous resolution group was 5.3 mm. The mean hematoma volume in the progression-surgery group was 62.0 mL. The mean degree of midline shift in the second group was 6 mm. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the treatment modality should be determined according to the patient's symptoms and clinical condition and close observation could be performed in patients who do not have any symptoms or in patients who have mild to moderate headache without neurological deterioration.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Headache ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Mannitol ; Methods ; Steroids ; Tranexamic Acid

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of oral angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension has been well documented. Fosinopril is a member of a new class of phosphorous containing ACE inhibitors and is a cleared almost equally by both renal and hepatic routes. METHODS: To evaluate the effects of fosinopril, a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, we administered fosinopril 10~40mg/day once daily to 32 patients(14 males, 18 females; range of age, 40~71 years old) with dose titration every 2 weeks. RESULTS: The baseline blood pressure after 4 weeks wash-out period was 156.3+/-22.3/104.8+/-5.93mmHg. After fosinopril therapy, the blood pressure declined to 150.0+/-27.8/96.4+/-12.2mmHg with 10mmg/day and 144.4+/-20.0/95.21+/-9.95mmHg with 20mg/day, 139.6+/-18.3/85.1+/-9.71mmHg with 30mg/day.During the period of maintenance after dose titration of fosinopril every 2 weeks for 8 weeks, the blood pressure were declined statistically significant (p<0.05). But the heart rate was not changed throughout the period of treatment. The efficacy of fosinopril therapy disclosed 26 patients(81.3%) with normalized diastolic blood pressure and 4 patients(11.8%) with more than 10mmHg decline of diastolic blood pressure. Therefore, the efficacy of fosinopril in these particular patients was 93.1% and two patients(6.9%) showed a failure of fosinopril therapy. The adverse reaction due to fosinopril were reported in 3 patients(9.4%) with dry cough, 1 patients(3.1%) with palpitation and 1 patients(3.1%) with dizziness, but there were patients who discontinued fosinopril due to adverse reaction. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that antihypertensive therapy with fosinopril was effective and well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Angiotensins ; Blood Pressure ; Cough ; Dizziness ; Female ; Fosinopril* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male