Cross-sectional study in combining with data retrospective data and unterview has determined higher levels of pollution than permissible standard: dust: 2.8mg/m3 (total dust), 1.4mg/ m3 respiratory dust, SiO2 level in dust: 15.5% - 19.6%. 43.32% of worker felt uncomfortably with higher level of dust at workplace. NO2 poisonous gas was 6.47mg/ m3 and SO2: 5.14mg/m3 – higher than permissible standard. Noise had got maximal level 98.7dBA – higher than permissible standard. Therefore, 59.06% of workers demanded an improved labour condition, 66.14% demand a strengthening of labour protection equiments and facilities.
Environmental Pollution ; Environment ; Air Pollution ; Dust ; Noise

Air Pollution/analysis* ; Environmental Exposure/analysis* ; China/epidemiology* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Environmental Monitoring

No abstract available.
Air Pollutants/*toxicity ; Air Pollution/*prevention & control ; *Dust ; *Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Industrial Waste ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Reduction Behavior

Air Pollution ; Child ; Child Health Services ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to particulate air pollution in Chinese urban residents.

METHODSDALYs was applied to evaluate the health effects due to particulate air pollution in the residents of 656 Chinese cities, and the data of annual average concentrations of inhalable particle (PM(10)) in 2006 were collected from the state-owned air quality monitoring network.

RESULTSParticulate air pollution in Chinese urban areas in 2006, could cause (506.6 +/- 95.2) thousand premature deaths, (156.6 +/- 41.2) thousand new cases of chronic bronchitis, (12.6 +/- 5.2) million outpatient visits for internal medicine, (99.9 +/- 50.4) thousand and (72.0 +/- 8.2) thousand hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases respectively. The attributable DALYs loss in urban residents amounted up to (5.26 +/- 0.99) million person years in 2006, of which, 96.26% (506.55/526.22) were caused by premature deaths. The attributable loss of DALYs increased with more seriously PM-polluted atmosphere and larger urban population.

CONCLUSIONSubstantial adverse health effects due to outdoor particulate air pollution were observed in China urban areas, thus strengthening air pollution control still remains an imperative and urgent matter in public health perspective.

Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; China ; Cities ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Environmental Monitoring ; Health Status ; Humans ; Life Tables ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Risk Assessment

Air Pollution ; Environmental Monitoring ; Mercury ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Workplace

Air Pollution, Indoor ; analysis ; China ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To understand the possible hazards to health from the environmental pollution in Korea, the articles reported in 16 daily newspapers were collected and analyzed. From 1980 to 1991, ninety three cases were reported. Statistics show that, during the last 2 years, there has been a remarkable increases of health problems reported. The main sources of pollution were plants and the transportation facilities. Except the noise, the exact causative factors were, for the most part, not clearly described. Although many residents complained of neurological symptoms, the exact effects on health were not clearly investigated. The responses of the residents were diverse in the contents of the demand and the method of its pushing, however, the government did not show immediate and consistent counterplans.
Environmental Pollution ; Korea ; Newspapers* ; Noise ; Transportation ; Periodicals

OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations of different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient ozone (O₃) with pulmonary function and airway inflammation in healthy young adults. METHODS: A total of 97 healthy young college students were recruited and followed in a panel study conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Each participant underwent 3 follow-up visits, and lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured at each visit. Ambient air pollutant concentrations were obtained from the environment monitoring station of Beijing closest to the participant residences, and meteorological data were collected from China Meteorological Data Service Center. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to assess the associations between different monitoring metrics for ambient O₃ short-term exposure with pulmonary function or airway inflammation in the healthy young adults. RESULTS: During the study period, the P₅₀ (P₂₅, P₇₅) values for ambient O₃ concentration expressed as daily 1-hour maximum (O₃-1 h max), daily maximum 8-hour average (O₃-8 h max) and 24-hour average (O₃-24 h avg) were 102.5 (76.8, 163.0) μg/m³, 91.1 (68.3, 154.3) μg/m³ and 61.6 (36.9, 81.7) μg/m³, respectively. The different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient O₃ were significantly associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁) and increased FeNO. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in 6-d moving average of O₃-1 h max (IQR=71.5 μg/m³) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: －11.8%, －0.5%) decrease in FEV₁ and a 63.3% (95%CI: 13.8%, 134.3%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 7-d moving average of O₃-8 h max (IQR=62.0 μg/m³) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: －11.6%, －0.7%) decrease in FEV₁and a 75.5% (95%CI: 19.3%, 158.0%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 5-d moving average of O₃-24 h avg (IQR=32.9 μg/m³) was associated with a 3.7% (95%CI: －7.1%, －0.2%) decrease in FEV₁and a 25.3% (95%CI: 3.6%, 51.6%) increase in FeNO. There was no significant association between the three monitoring metrics for O₃ exposure and peak expiratory flow (PEF). CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to ambient O₃ was associated with decreased lung function and increased airway inflammation among the healthy young adults, and daily 1-hour maximum was more sensitively to the respiratory effects of O₃.
Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Benchmarking ; China ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Ozone ; Particulate Matter ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the levels of pollutions caused by fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in the public places and investigate the possible influencing factors.

METHODSA total of 20 public places in four types such as rest room in bath center, restaurant, karaoke bars and cyber cafe in Tongzhou district in Beijing were chosen in this study; indoor and outdoor PM(2.5) was monitored by TSI sidepak AM510. Data under varying conditions were collected and analyzed, such as doors or windows or mechanical ventilation devices being opened, rooms cramped with people and smoking.

RESULTSThe average concentration of indoor PM(2.5) in 20 public places was (334.6 +/- 386.3) microg/m(3), ranging from 6 microg/m(3) to 1956 microg/m(3); while in bath center, restaurant, karaoke bars and cyber cafe were (116.9 +/- 100.1)microg/m(3), (317.9 +/- 235.3) microg/m(3), (750.6 +/- 521.6)microg/m(3) and (157.5 +/- 98.5) microg/m(3) respectively. The concentrations of PM(2.5) in restaurant (compared with bath center: Z = -10.785, P < 0.01; compared with karaoke bars: Z = -10.488, P < 0.01; compared with cyber cafe: Z = -7.547, P < 0.01) and karaoke bars (compared with bath center: Z = -16.670, P < 0.01; compared with cyber cafe: Z = -15.682, P < 0.01) were much higher than those in other two places. Single-factor analysis revealed that the average concentration of indoor PM(2.5) in 20 public places was associated with the number of smokers per cube meters(9.13 x 10(-3); r = 0.772, F = 26.579, P < 0.01) and ventilation score [(2.5 +/- 1.5) points; r = 0.667, F = 14.442, P < 0.01], and there were significant correlation between the average indoor and outdoor levels in restaurant [(317.9 +/- 235.3) microg/m(3), (67.8 +/- 78.9) microg/m(3); r = 0.918, F = 16.013, P = 0.028] and cyber cafe [(157.5 +/- 98.5) microg/m(3), (67.7 +/- 43.7) microg/m(3); r = 0.955, F = 30.785, P = 0.012]. Furthermore, significant correlation was observed between the average concentration of indoor PM(2.5) [(157.5 +/- 98.5) microg/m(3)]and the number of people per cube meters (288.7 x 10(-3)) in cyber cafe (r = 0.891, F = 11.615, P = 0.042). Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking (b' = 0.581, t = 3.542, P = 0.003) and ventilation (b' = -0.348, t = -2.122, P = 0.049) were the major factors that may influence the concentration of indoor PM(2.5) in four public places. With cluster analysis, the results showed that the major factors that influence the concentration of indoor PM(2.5) was the outdoor PM(2.5) levels [(49.6 +/- 39.5) microg/m(3); b = 1.556, t = 3.760, P = 0.007] when ventilation (score > 2) was relatively good. The number of smokers per cube meters (14.7 x 10(-3)) became the major influence factor when the ventilation score

CONCLUSIONThis study indicated that smoking was the main source of indoor PM(2.5) in public places. Outdoor PM(2.5) should be correlated with indoor PM(2.5) concentration under drafty situation.

Air Pollution, Indoor ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Particulate Matter ; analysis ; Public Facilities ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; analysis