Generally accepted mechanisms of involutional entropion are as follows: 1. dysfunction of the inferior eyelid retractors, 2. migration of the preseptal orbicularis fibers upward, 3. reduced support of the lower lid against glove due to enophthalmos, 4. reduced horizontal support because of involutional changes in the lateral and medical canthal tendons. Sanford D. Hecht reported that the above four problems could be corrected simply and successfully by a full thickness excision of Bowlegs shape(Pentagon-shape). Five eyelids of involutional entropion were treated by the Boelegs procedure. The results were successful.
Enophthalmos ; Entropion* ; Eyelids ; Tendons

Generally accepted mechanisms of involutional entropion are as follows: 1. dysfunction of the inferior eyelid retractors, 2. migration of the preseptal orbicularis fibers upward, 3. reduced support of the lower lid against glove due to enophthalmos, 4. reduced horizontal support because of involutional changes in the lateral and medical canthal tendons. Sanford D. Hecht reported that the above four problems could be corrected simply and successfully by a full thickness excision of Bowlegs shape(Pentagon-shape). Five eyelids of involutional entropion were treated by the Boelegs procedure. The results were successful.
Enophthalmos ; Entropion* ; Eyelids ; Tendons

Senile entropion remains something of an enigma, with no general agreement as to etiology or best surgical treatment. Little basic research on the problem of senile entropion had been carried out until Dalgleish and Smith inserted metal markers into the various anatomical layers of the lower lid and took lateral rediographs. As the results of their investigations, they showed that surgical intervention should be directed towards the correction of two important features in the etiology of senile entropion-rotation of the tarsal plate and loss of attach ment of skin and orbicularis to the deeper tissues. O'Donoghue and Roden reported that they could be corrected by excising a full-thickness triangle, apex up, from the central part of the lower lid. Three cases of senile entropion and one vase of spastic entropion were treated with the same procedure as O'Donoghue and Roden did except the excision of the redundant skin along the lowere lid margin. The results of our procedure was simple and successful.
Entropion* ; Muscle Spasticity ; Skin

Authors have analysed a series of involutional entropion placed into two categories, those with and without increased horizontal lid laxity following preoperative assessment. Of the 30 entropion operations on 25 eyes, 14 operations(on 13 eyes) were for the group without horizontal lid laxity and 16 operations(on 12 wyws) with horizontal lid laxity. In patients with tight eyelids, we performed lower retractor tucking and excision of preseptal orbicularis muscle and in patients with increased horizontal lid laxity, we added horizontal eyelid shortening procedure to the above procedures. The success rate was 92.8%(13 eyes/14eyes) in group without eyelid laxity, the total surgical success rate being 96.6%(29 eyes/30 eyes).
Entropion* ; Eyelids* ; Humans

In correction of ptosis, symmetry of lid contour, lash position and lid height must be matched. Most of blepharoptosis patients want to perform both the double eyelid operation and ptosis repair at the same time to achieve the best cosmetic and functional result. Using a surgical technique directed at the levator aponeurosis or the frontalis muscle with double eyelid operation, we corrected 13 cases of unilateral and 10 cases of bilateral congenital blepharoptosis. In unilateral ptosis with good or fair levator function, levator resection was performed and the position of the lid margin was adjusted at 1~2 mm below the superior limbus. The height of the lid crease of the ptotic eye is determined 1~3 mm lower than that of normal side. The position of the lid margin is adjusted at the level of the superior limbus and the height of the lid crease of the ptotic eye is determined 2~4 mm lower than that of nonptotic side. The advantages of this approach are normal anatomic planes of the eyelid are maintained, to obtain symmetry of both eyelids relatively easily, entropion may be prevented, and to achieve aesthetically pleasing results.
Blepharoptosis* ; Entropion ; Eyelids* ; Humans

Doctors operated 29 patients (35 eyes) with cicatricial entropion of eyelid, among them there are 15 eyes (42.85%) with complication of burn; 14 eyes (40%) with complication of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and 6 eyes (17.15%) with recurrent entropion. The follow-up ranged from 1-6 months. Results: of the 35 eyes operated, 27 eyes (77.14%) were successfully treated (the eyelid was corrected); only 1 eye (5.72%) needed a repeat operation. This study indicated that mucous membrane graft is an effective treatment for patient with cicatricial entropion of eyelid. But, these are the first results. Further studies are necessary to confirm the long time effectiveness of method.
Eyelids ; Entropion ; surgery ; therapeutics

Iliff procedure was performed upon the nine ptotic eyes. The rate of success in our series was appeared to be the highest among the rex ports appeared in the literatures. Average amont of ptosis before the operation was 5.1 mm, when 10 mm of palpebral fissure is taken to be normal, and average amount of correction by the procedure was 4.4 mm, leaving average residual ptosis of 0.7 mm. In our series, there was no overcorrection and the other complications; such as entropion, lagophthalmos, granuloma of the lids, prolapse of the orbital fat and scarring of the lids. The high rate of success in our series could, the authers feel, be attributed to the simpleness of the procedure.
Cicatrix ; Entropion ; Granuloma ; Orbit ; Prolapse

The pathophysiologic changes that lead to involutional entropion are Weakness of the lower lid retractors, Upward migration of preseptal orbicularis over pretarsal orbicularis and forward rotation of lower border of tarsal plate, Horizontal lid laxity from involutional changes of medial and lateral canthal ligament and Enophthalmos from atrophy of the orbital fat with age. In the correction of involutional entropion, the first three factors must be considered for adequate correction. Hsu and Lieu reported Pretarsal orbucularis oculi muscle fixation method for the correction of involutional entropion. Authors performed this method in the 20 patients with involutional entropion of thirty-one eyelids and the results were sucessful.
Atrophy ; Enophthalmos ; Entropion* ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Orbit

Senile entropion is caused by following pathophysiologic changes ; disinsertion or weakness of lower lid retractor, upward migration and overriding of the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle over pretarsal orbicularis muscle, horizontal lid laxity, and relative enophthalmos from absorption of orbital fat. There have been numerous procedures to correct senile entropion, but the difficulty of adequate and concurrent correction of all of the underlying defect result in high recurrence rate. Therefore, authors performed a combined procedure including reattachment of disinserted lower lid retractor or tucking of weakened lower tarsus, and the extirpation of overriding preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle. At the same time we performed the correction of the lower lid laxity using lateral tarsal strip procedure of full-thickness wedge resection. Authors performed this method in 21 cases of 17 patients and the cosmetic and functional result were satisfactory.
Absorption ; Ankle ; Enophthalmos ; Entropion* ; Humans ; Orbit ; Recurrence

Epiblepharon is characterized by horizontal fold of skin adjacent to lid margin. It is a common congenital anomaly, especially in Orientals. In comparison with it, entropion is characterized by an absent lid crease and an inward rolling of the entire eyelid margin. The incidence of the latter was not reported but it was said to be very rare. Not with standing that, congenital entropion has been diagnosed more frequently than epiblepharon in Korea. Supposing that the cases diagnosed as entropion in Korea might fall under the category of epiblepharon on the basis of the authors' clinical experience, the clinical evaluation of the 190 cases operated under the diagnosis of congenital entropion at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1976 to May 1986 was done. The result was that 147 cases(77.4%) were thought to be epiblepharon. So more careful examination might be necessary in diagnosing epiblepharon or entropion in Orientals.
Diagnosis ; Entropion ; Eyelids ; Incidence ; Korea ; Seoul ; Skin