The characteristics changes of apoptosis of Duck Embryo Fibroblasts (DEF) cells induced by New type gosling viral enteritis virus, NGVEV) were observed by means of HE staining, electron microscopy and Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescent staining. During 24-48 h post infection (pi), the difference of morphological change between infected DEF cells and the mock infected cells was invisible. At 72 h pi, the nuclear chromatin was getting condensed through HE staining; apoptotic morphological change such as abnormal shape of the nucleus, condensation of the cytoplasm and chromatin were observed under electron microscope; and the early apoptotic cells (Annexin V-FITC positive and PI negative) were detected under fluorescence microscope. At 96-120 h pi, by means of HE staining and electron microscopy, the advanced morphological change of apoptosis such as formation of different kinds of apoptotic bodies, and shrink of the DEF cells and nucleus were detected; under fluorescence microscope the different stages of the apoptotic DEF can be easily distinguished: early apoptotic cells (Annexin V-FITC postive and pi negative), advanced or late apoptotic cells (both Annexin V-FITC and PI positive), necrosis cells or dead cells (Annexin V-FITC negative and PI positive). This investigation shows that NGVEV might induce apoptosis and form characteristic apoptotic morphological changes in the DEF cells. NGVEV inducement of apoptosis may be an important mechanism of efficient dissemination of virus progeny.
Adenoviridae ; physiology ; Animals ; Annexin A5 ; analysis ; Apoptosis ; Ducks ; embryology ; Enteritis ; veterinary ; virology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; virology ; Geese ; virology ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Poultry Diseases ; virology

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of viraemia and extraintestinal organ damage in children with acute rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis.

METHODSEighty-three children with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis were hospitalized from October 2002 to March 2003, whose blood and fecal samples were obtained on admission. Rotavirus RNA (encoding the VP7 outer capsid protein) were detected in blood and fecal samples by nest reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). According to the result of blood RV-RNA, the patients were divided into RV-RNA positive group and RV-RNA negative group. The differences between these two groups in the severity of gastroenteritis and extraintestinal organ damage were analyzed.

RESULTSEighty-two of 83 stool samples from the children with rotavirus infection were positive for rotavirus RNA. Sixteen of 83 blood samples were positive for rotavirus RNA with a positive rate of 19.3%. The nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs, resembling part of the VP7 gene, was identical from paired blood and fecal samples. There were no significant differences between blood RV-RNA positive group and blood RV-RNA negative group in the rate and degree of fever, diarrhea, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia and myocardial damage (P>0.05); while the incidences of liver damage, rash, lower respiratory tract infection and the central nervous system involvement in the blood RV-RNA positive group were significantly higher than those in the blood RV-RNA negative group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONViraemia is present in the children with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. Viraemia might be an important mechanism by which rotavirus spread to the extraintestinal sites resulting in organs damage.

Base Sequence ; Enteritis ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myocarditis ; virology ; Pneumonia ; virology ; Prospective Studies ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; virology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viremia ; virology

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of umbilical application with Lunxieting Paste (LXT) for the treatment of infantile rotavirus enteritis (IRE).

METHODSOne hundred and ninety infants with IRE were randomly assigned into three groups, 55 in Group A, 60 in Group B and 75 in Group C. All were treated with conventional therapy, mainly the dehydration and acidosis correcting, rehydration salt and antiviral therapy; but to patients in Groups B and C, an additional medication of Smecta 1.5 g, thrice a day. for infants below 1 year and 3 g, thrice a day. for those between 1-2 years old, by orally taken with 0.05 L of warm water and umbilical application with LXT (one dose per day, containing 6.0 g of crude drug) was given respectively.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 69.1% in Group A, 75% in Group B and 92% in Group C, respectively, showing significant difference (P<0.05) in comparing Group C with Groups A and B. Moreover, serum levels of TNF-alpha were decreased and IFN-gamma increased in Group C after treatment, all showed statistical significance as compared with those in the other two groups (P<0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in all patients.

CONCLUSIONUmbilical application of LXT could effectively alleviate the diarrhea symptom in IRE patients, accelerate the negative inversion of rotavirus, and reduce the injury of intestinal membrane, showing a therapeutic efficacy more effective and quicker than that of conventional treatment with more convenience for use.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; virology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Enteritis ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rotavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Umbilicus

In this study, apoptosis was induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in experimentally infected goslings is reported in detail for the first time. After 3-day-old goslings were orally inoculated with a NGVEV-CN strain suspension, the time course of NGVEV effects on apoptotic morphological changes of the internal tissues was evaluated. These changes were observed by histological analysis with light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation was assessed with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and DNA ladder analysis. A series of characteristic apoptotic morphological changes including chromatin condensation and margination, cytoplasmic shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies were noted. Apoptosis was readily observed in the lymphoid and gastrointestinal organs, and sporadically occurred in other organs after 3 days post-infection (PI). The presence and quantity of TUNEL-positive cells increased with infection time until 9 days PI. DNA extracted from the NGVEV-infected gosling cells displayed characteristic 180~200 bp ladders. Apoptotic cells were ubiquitously distributed, especially among lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, and epithelial and intestinal cells. Necrosis was subsequently detected during the late NGVEV-infection phase, which was characterized by cell swelling, plasma membrane collapse, and rapidly lysis. Our results suggested that apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NGVE disease.
*Adenoviridae/classification/pathogenicity ; Adenoviridae Infections/pathology/*veterinary/virology ; Animals ; *Anseriformes ; *Apoptosis ; Bird Diseases/*virology ; DNA Fragmentation ; Enteritis/*veterinary/virology ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/virology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Intestines/cytology/virology ; Leukocytes/cytology/virology ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/virology ; Macrophages ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

OBJECTIVEThis study was conducted to observe dynamically the serum and stool level of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-alpha with RV enteritis, and to analyse the relation of them and their relation to clinical manifestations.

METHODSThe double-antibody sandwich ELISA technique was applied.

RESULTSThe positive rate of RV in 119 enteritis cases was 63.0% and the peak month was November. These cytokines had different peak phases in the course of disease. The earliest cytokine which had peak phase was IFN-alpha, the last ones were serum and stool IL-2. There was a negative relation between stool IL-2 and IL-6 (P<0.01). There were positive relation between IL-2 and IFN-alpha, stool IL-6 and IFN-alpha, serum IL-2 and IL-6, stool IL-2 and the recovery time of the enteritis (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Serum and stool level of IL-2 and IFN-alpha had positive relation to the number of lymphocyte plus mononuclear cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIL-2, IL-6 and IFN-alpha play important roles of immunoregulation in RV enteritis, and have close relation to clinical manifestations.

Enteritis ; blood ; virology ; Feces ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Rotavirus Infections ; blood

CMV infection may occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Among the small intestine, ileum is the most common site of CMV disease and infection of jejunum is a rare one in patients with CMV gastroenteritis. Although rare, the reason why the recognition of this diagnosis is important is that it cause the lethal hemorrhage and perforation of gastrointestinal tract when its diagnosis and treatment was delayed. Rapid diagnosis are able to using the immunohistochemical stain in shell vial culture of infected specimen or peripheral neutrophils preparation in viremic patients within 8 to 36 hours. The treatment of choice is antiviral agent or surgical resection. We experienced a case of CMV disease of jejunum in patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who showed severe ulceration in jejunum and massive intestinal hemorrhage, and he survived after successful treatment with segmental resection of jejunum and intravenous ganciclovir.
Adult ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Enteritis/virology ; Enteritis/surgery ; Enteritis/complications ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis ; Human ; Jejunal Diseases/virology ; Jejunal Diseases/surgery ; Jejunal Diseases/complications* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications* ; Male ; Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy ; Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis ; Opportunistic Infections/complications* ; Substances: Ganciclovir ; Substances: Antiviral Agents

A molecular study of intestinal samples from 21 broiler flocks with a history of enteritis revealed that 23.8% and 14.3% were positive for chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian rotavirus (ARV), respectively. CAstV and group A ARV were simultaneously detected in only one broiler flock. Birds in this group developed the significant intestinal lesions characterized by frothy contents, paleness, and thin intestinal walls. In this report we present an unusual case of runting stunting syndrome (RSS) with a history of high mortality and growth retardation in broiler chickens. We also make the first identification of CAstV and group A ARV in broiler chickens in Korea.
Animals ; Astroviridae Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology ; Avastrovirus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Chickens/growth & development ; Enteritis/diagnosis/pathology/veterinary/virology ; Intestines/pathology/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Rotavirus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology

OBJECTIVETo analyse the clinical features, diagnostic methods and risk factors of cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

METHODSAnalysis was made on 24 cases of CMV enteritis after allo-HSCT in Beijing Daopei Hospital from Aug. 2007 to Jul. 2009, including clinical data, endoscopic diagnosis, histopathological and virological results, and the association between CMV enteritis with viremia and graft-versus-host disease(GVHD).

RESULTS87.5% of the patients were over 18 years old. The median time to diagnosis of CMV enteritis was 63 days after HSCT. The mucosal lesions in enteroscopic examination had no significant differences between CMV enteritis and gastrointestinal GVHD complicated with the enteritis. The methods used in diagnosis included histopathology (32.1%) and virology (92.9%). The copies of CMVDNA in mucosal samples greater than 10(5)/10(6) PBNC was better diagnosis. A number of risk factors were compared between the survival and death groups: type of transplant, conditioning regimen, the time span of ganciclovir prophylaxis therapy, grade II-IV GVHD before enteritis, the time of diagnosis as GVHD, using MP > or = 1 mg/kg to treat GVHD, the time between GVHD and enteritis, CMV viremia before enteritis, the time of diagnosis as enteritis, CMVDNA quantitation, and there were no any statistic differences.

CONCLUSIONCytomegalovirus enteritis should be carefully diagnosed by histopathology and virology through endoscopic examination. It is better to undertake pan-colon endoscopy as well as terminal ileum examination for more accurate diagnosis. PCR can significantly improve the detection rate. CMVDNA detection in patients' stool may be helpful to diagnosis, especially for those patients who can not stand the endoscopy examination.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; etiology ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Enteritis ; etiology ; virology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are usually diagnosed in immunocompromised patients. A 74-year-old male without any significant medical history visited our center because of abdominal pain and diarrhea which began about a month ago. Abdominal computed tomography revealed segmental enhanced bowel wall thickening on jejunum and single-balloon enteroscopy showed multiple geographic shaped ulcerations covered with exudates on proximal jejunum. Biopsy samples taken during endoscopic examination demonstrated necrotic fibrinopurulent tissue debris and benign ulcer. Nested-PCR analysis of CMV DNA from jejunal tissue was positive. The patient was finally diagnosed with CMV jejunitis and was treated by intravenous ganciclovir for 14 days after which, abdominal pain and diarrhea improved. Our case shows that CMV jejunitis can occur in an immunocompetent adult as multiple jejunal ulcers which can be diagnosed using a single-balloon enteroscope.
Aged ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics/isolation & purification ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Enteritis/*diagnosis/etiology/virology ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Jejunal Diseases/*diagnosis/etiology/virology ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed