The septicemia caused by the Arizona group organism is rare and usually observed in adults with underlying diseases. In Korea, Salmonella infection is common, but a report of Arizona infection is unknown. We isolated S. entercia subsp. diarizonae from blood of a 6-month-old infant. The serovar was determined as 28:z10:-, a rare one in America. The isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and others. The patient rapidly recovered with ampicillin and gentamicin therapy. Clinical laboratories should consider that the infection exists in Korea and should attempt to isolate and identify Arizona organism in certain patients.
Bacteremia/*microbiology ; Case Report ; Enteritis/*microbiology ; Human ; Infant ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; *Salmonella Infections ; *Salmonella arizonae

Ma-Mu-Ran Antidiarrheal Capsules (MMRAC) is traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diarrhea caused by acute enteritis (AE) and bacillary dysentery in Xinjiang (China) for many years. However, the potential therapeutic mechanism of MMRAC for AE and its regulatory mechanism on host metabolism is unclear. This study used fecal metabolomics profiling with GC/MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of MMRAC on a dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced mouse model of AE. Fecal metabolomics-based analyses were performed to detect the differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was used to assess the altered gut microbes at the genus level and for functional prediction. Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis was used to integrate differentially expressed metabolites and altered bacterial genera. The results revealed that six intestinal bacteria and seven metabolites mediated metabolic disorders (i.e., metabolism of amino acid, carbohydrate, cofactors and vitamins, and lipid) in AE mice. Besides, ten altered microbes mediated the differential expression of eight metabolites and regulated these metabolisms after MMRAC administration. Overall, these findings demonstrate that AE is associated with metabolic disorders and microbial dysbiosis. Further, we present that MMRAC exerts protective effects against AE by improving host metabolism through the intestinal flora.
Animals ; Antidiarrheals/pharmacology* ; Capsules ; Enteritis/genetics* ; Feces/microbiology* ; Genes, rRNA ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics*

OBJECTIVETo compare the therapeutic effect of probiotics and oral immunoglobulin on pediatric rotavirus enteritis.

METHODSA randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 150 children with rotavirus enteritis who were randomly divided into control, probiotic and immunoglobulin groups (n=50 each). In addition to basic treatment, the control group was given placebo, the probiotic group was given live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets, and the immunoglobulin group was orally given anti-rotavirus egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY). Clinical symptoms such as stool frequency and stool properties were recorded every day. Fresh stool samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 of treatment. Intestinal flora imbalance was detected and divided into three degrees by microscopic examination of stool. Fecal SIgA level and fecal rotavirus shedding were measured by radioimmunoassay and double-antibody sandwich ELISA respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the probiotic group had reduced intestinal flora imbalance, decreased stool frequency, and reduced incidence of secondary intestinal bacterial infection after 3 days of treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in disease course between the probiotic and control groups. Compared with the control group, the immunoglobulin group had a significantly increased fecal SIgA level after 1 day of treatment (P<0.05), significantly decreased frequency of diarrhea and fecal rotavirus shedding after 3 days of treatment (P<0.05), and a significantly shorter disease course (4.5±1.0 vs 5.8±1.7 days; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFor children with rotavirus enteritis, probiotics can reduce intestinal flora imbalance and prevent secondary intestinal bacterial infection, but probiotics take a long time to relieve clinical symptoms and cannot shorten the course of disease. Oral immunoglobulin takes effect quickly and can rapidly eliminate rotavirus, promote the production of SIgA, and shorten the course of disease.

Child, Preschool ; Enteritis ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; analysis ; Immunoglobulins ; therapeutic use ; Infant ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Male ; Probiotics ; therapeutic use ; Rotavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; microbiology

Pigbel remains a likely significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG), two decades after the administration of pigbel vaccination ceased. There is a need for an effective surveillance program for pigbel to better understand the disease burden and to target communities for preventive strategies. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, recent history and current data on the burden of pigbel in PNG. We propose a surveillance program based on clinical recognition of likely cases and laboratory confirmation using an ELISA assay for Clostridium perfringens type C beta-toxin. Research aimed at validating this approach in the clinical setting is outlined.
Clostridium Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology/*prevention & control ; Clostridium perfringens/pathogenicity ; Enteritis/epidemiology/*microbiology/*prevention & control ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Papua New Guinea/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance

A total of 74 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar London were collected through the Laboratory-Based Diarrheal Diseases Surveillance in 2000-2001. In order to characterize the isolates and investigate the source of the epidemic, we performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests and XbaI Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of 44 Salmonella London isolates. Forty isolates were from feces of infants and four isolates were from adults aged 30, 52, 54, and 59 yr. Two subtypes were identified: a tetracycline-susceptible A 0 PFGE pattern and a tetracyclineresistant A 1 PFGE pattern. Interestingly, the isolates from all infants and one 30-yr-old adult were A 0 PFGE pattern and tetracycline-susceptible. Furthermore, the A 0 PFGE pattern strain was approximately 2 times more virulent than the A 1 PFGE pattern strain, according to the results of in vitro invasion assay using J774A.1 macrophage-like cells. These results indicate that the active surveillance with molecular epidemiological tools would be valuable for promptly finding new epidemic strains. Our results also suggested that the virulent Salmonella London strain might infect the infants through a common contaminated source.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; Diarrhea/epidemiology/microbiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enteritis/*epidemiology/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Human ; In Vitro ; Infant ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Reactive Oxygen Species/pharmacology ; Salmonella Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/microbiology ; Salmonella enterica/genetics/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Virulence

Porcine proliferative enteropathy(PPE) is an enteric disease been caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. It has become one of the critical problems in the pig industry. To investigate the prevalence of PPE in Korea, serum samples of 828 pigs from 65 herds were tested using indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique(IFA). The infection rate in individual pigs varied from 44 to 69%, whereas 100% in pig farms. The infection frequency was 57, 44.9, and 59.4% according to age respectively. Administration of tylosin in feed at a concentration of 110 ppm for 14 days reduced the infection rate of the farms. These data indicated that the high prevalence of PPE may be controlled by tylosin.
Administration, Oral ; Animal Feed ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Bacterial/blood ; Enteritis/epidemiology/prevention&control/*veterinary ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention&control/*veterinary ; Korea/epidemiology ; *Lawsonia Bacteria/drug effects/growth&development/immunology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*epidemiology/microbiology/prevention&control ; Tylosin/*therapeutic use

Radiation therapy is an important treatment modality for abdominal or pelvic cancer, but there is a common and serious complication such as radiation-induced enteritis. Probiotics is reported to have positive effects against radiation-induced enteropathy. In this study, morphological changes of bowel mucosa were analyzed in rats to presume the effect of probiotics on radiation-induced enteritis and its correlation with radiation dose. A total of 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups and received a solution containing 1.0x108 colony-forming units of Lactiobacillus acidophilus or water once daily for 10 days. Each of two groups was divided into three subgroups and abdomino-pelvic area of each subgroup was irradiated with 10, 15, and 20 Gy, respectively on the seventh day of feeding the solutions. All rats were sacrificed 3 days after irradiation and the mucosal thickness and villus height of jejunum, ileum and colon were measured. The morphological parameters of the small intestine represented significant differences between two solution groups irradiated 10 or 15 Gy, except for villus height of jejunum in 15 Gy-subgroup (P=0.065). There was no significant morphometric difference between two groups irradiated with 20 Gy of radiation. Probiotics appear to be effective for the morphological shortening of small intestinal mucosa damaged by radiation less than or equal to 15 Gy.
Animals ; Colon/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enteritis/pathology/prevention & control ; Ileum/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/*radiation effects ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum/pathology ; Lactobacillus acidophilus/*metabolism ; Male ; Probiotics/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental/*prevention & control/therapy ; Radiation Protection/*methods ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley