Objective To explore the effects of different doses of contrast agent (CA) on types of time-signal intensity curves (TICs) and semi-quantitative parameters after dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) on Walker 256 murine breast tumor model.Methods A total of 12 rats burdened Walker256 breast cancer models were established and divided into 3 groups randomly, 4 in each group.Routine MR and DCE-MRI scans of the rats using Bruker Pharmascan 7T MR scanner were performed.Doses for the 3 groups were 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 mmol/kg, respectively.MR data, TICs types and semi-quantitative parameters from each different dose group were statistically studied and compared to observe the differences.Results Tumors were enhanced significantly after injection.The types of TICs in all tumors were the Ⅲ pattern which was not influenced by CA doses.Semi-quantitative parameters of first enhancement (Efirst), maximal enhancement (Emax), washout enhancement (Ewash), and signal enhancement ratio (SER) showed statistical differences among the three dose groups (P＜0.05).Semi-quantitative parameters of time to peak (Tpeak) and washout velocity (Vwash) showed no statistical differences among the three dose groups (P＞0.05).Mean signal intensity of each group was highly negatively linear correlated with scan times after the peak (r=-0.972, P=0.000;r=-0.971, P=0.000;r=-0.989, P=0.000).The washout slope (slopewash) showed no statistical differences among the three groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Injection doses of CA didn't change the TIC type, Tpeak, Vwash, and Slopewash.These parameters are comparable among different medical centers and can be considered as prior parameters to monitor the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose To explore the application value of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in judging and diagnosing metastasis of lung cancer.Material and Methods Sixty-one metastatic spinal tumor patients received DCE-MRI and their images acquired after scanning were post-processed.Signal intensity-time curve,signal intensity amplification in rising period of the curve (Peak SE％),maximum ascending linear slope of the curve (Max Wash-in SE％) and descending slope of the curve (Wash-out SE％) and other semiquantitative parameters were acquired.Double chamber pharmacokinetics was adopted to analyze and obtain Ktrans,rate constant (Kep) and other quantitative parameters.CHAID method was taken to establish tree structure model to confirm optimal sorting parameter and identify optimal division.Results For the DCE-MRI scanning parameters for 61 metastatic spinal tumor patients,differences of Wash-out SE％ and Kep between lung cancer and other tumor spinal metastasis were statistically significant (P＜0.01),while differences of Peak SE％,Max Wash-in SE％ and Ktrans between the two were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).When Wash-out SE％＞-660.6％ and Max Wash-in SE％＞98.0％,original focus of about 94.7％ was possible to come from lung.When taking tree structure model set up in the study for identification,10-fold cross-validation indicated (29.5±5.8)％ error rate.Conclusion Taking DCE-MRI semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis parameters for identification and diagnosis of metastasis of lung cancer is feasible.It can provide reference evidence for source identification of spinal sarcoma and clinical treatment.

Purpose To explore the CT and MRI manifestations of spinal solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) to improve the accuracy of imaging diagnosis.Materials and Methods CT and MRI manifestations of eight pathologically confirmed SFT were retrospectively analyzed.CT and MRI scan were performed in 8 cases.The location,shape,size,density/signal,margin,condition of the internal lesion,adjacent bone destruction and reinforcement characteristic were also analyzed.Results Of the 8 patients,4 cases were pathologically confirmed benign and the other 4 cases were malignant.6 cases showed trans-intervertebral foramen dumbbell shaped soft tissue masses,1 case showed lobulated soft tissue mass lying outside the invertebrate canal and 1 case showed long fusiform lying in intradural extramedullary of spinal canal.6 cases had adjacent bone swelling or osteolytic destruction,1 case had compressive bone defect,and 1 cases showed no obvious bone destruction.The tumor showed an equal/mixed density on CT scan.T1WI equal/low signal was seen in MRI scan.Equal/slightly higher T2WI signals were seen in 6 cases and mixed signals in 2 cases.All patients undergoing enhanced scan showed obviously inhomogeneous enhancement.Conclusion Spinal solitary fibrous tumors are lobulated or dumbbell shaped and growth clinging to or surround the dura mater.The feature of MRI signal is evident that T1WI is mostly equal/low signal and T2WI is usually slightly higher/equal signal,often accompanied by bone destruction.

Objective To observe the effects of Xixin Decoction on the blood-brain barrier permeability and the expressions of P-glycoprotein(P-gp),cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1)and cannabinoid receptor 2(CB2)in hippocampal tissue of rapidly aging mice(SAMP8);To explore the possible mechanism of Xixin Decoction in the treatment of Alzheimer disease(AD).Methods Totally 60 SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model group,probiotics group,and Xixin Decoction high-,medium-and low-dosage groups,with 12 mice in each group,another 12 SAMR1 mice were set as control group.The medicated groups received corresponding drugs by gavage for 10 weeks respectively,while the control group and model group were gavaged with equal volume of distilled water.Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice,the blood-brain barrier permeability was detected by Evans blue method,the contents of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),nuclear factor(NF)-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in serum were determined by ELISA,the expressions of P-gp,CB1 and CB2 in hippocampal tissue were detected by Western blot,P-gp expression in hippocampal tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results Compared with the control group,the learning and memory ability of mice in model group significantly decreased,Evans blue exudation in brain tissue significantly increased,the contents of MMP9,TNF-α and NF-κB in serum significantly increased,the expressions of P-gp and CB2 protein significantly decreased,the expression of CB1 protein significantly increased,with statistical significance(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the learning and memory ability of mice in Xixin Decoction high-dosage group significantly increased,the Evans blue exudation in brain tissue significantly decreased,the contents of MMP9,TNF-α and NF-κB in serum significantly decreased,the protein expressions of P-gp and CB2 significantly increased,and the protein expression of CB1 significantly decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Xixin Decoction can improve the spatial learning and memory ability of AD model mice,and its mechanism is related to regulating the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and related protein expression,and inhibiting neuroinflammation.

ObjectiveTo observe the possible mechanism of Xixin Decoction （洗心汤， XXD） in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer 's disease（AD）. MethodsFifty rapid aging model mice （SAMP8） were randomly divided into model group， probiotic group， high-， moderate- and low-dose group of XXD， with 10 mice in each group. Another 10 homologous anti-rapid aging mice （SAMR1） were set as control group. After 10 weeks of feeding， the control group and the model group were given 10 ml·kg^-1·d^-1 of distilled water by gavage， while the probiotic group （0.39 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， the high-dose group of XXD （5.08 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， the moderate-dose group of XXD （2.54 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and the low-dose group of XXD （1.27 g·kg^-1·d^-1） were given corresponding drugs or decoctions by gavage， once a day in all groups. After 10 weeks of intragastric administration， Morris water maze was used to detect the spatial learning and memory ability of mice in each group. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of hippocampal CA3 region and colon. The levels of β-amyloid 1-42 （Aβ_1-42）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， serum amyloid A （SAA） and acetylcholine （ACH） in hippocampus and colon were detected by ELISA.The diversity of intestinal flora in mouse feces was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. ResultsCompared to those in the control group， the levels of Aβ_1-42，LPS， SAA increased， while the level of ACH decreased in the model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to those in the model group， the escape latency period of the probiotic group was significantly shortened on the 2nd and 5th days， while the escape latency period was shortened， and the residence time in the target platform quadrant increased in the high-dose XXD group during the 2nd to 5th days； the escape latency period was shortened significantly in the moderate-dose XXD group on the 5th day （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to those in the model group， the hippocampal neuron cells in the high- and moderate-dose XXD groups were arranged more closely， with decreased levels of SAA， Aβ_1-42 and LPS， increased ACH level， Simpson and Shannon index （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the arrangement of hippocampal neuron cells in the probiotic group and the low-dose XXD group was relatively loose； the proportions of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella were significantly reduced in the probiotic group and the high-dose XXD group， while that of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to those in the probiotic group and the high-dose XXD group， the number of goblet cells in the moderate-dose XXD group decreased， and the number of glands in the low-dose XXD group decreased with atrophy. The high-dose XXD group had decreased Aβ_1-42 level in the hippocampus， increased ACH level in thehippocampus and colon tissue， and decreased SAA in the colon tissue than the moderate- and low-dose XXD groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； moreover， the SAA level in the hippocampus was significantly higher in the low-dose XXD group than the high- and moderate-dose groups （P＜0.01）. ConclusionXXD can improve the spatial learning and memory ability of SAMP8， reduce the production and deposition of LPS， SAA and Aβ_1-42 in brain and intestine， and increase the content of ACH. The mechanism of its prevention and treatment of AD maybe related to regulating intestinal microecology， affecting flora diversity and improving inflammatory response.