Introduction: In gallstone diseases, common bile duct stones and thickened bile could cause hepatitis or other difficulties. Therefore intraoperative cholangiography is helpful in many operations besides detecting and diagnosing the gallstones in common bile duct. Materials and Methods: Out of 266 patients who had undergone Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery in GrandMed Hospital, 14 patients were found to have jaundice and cholestasis after undergoing laboratory and radiology tests. Results: These 14 patients have all undergone IOC. 7 out of 14 patients were found to have positive cholangiogram and the other 7 - negative. Biliary tract tumor and anatomic anomalies were not identified among these patients. Conclusion: Making analysis using only laboratory data is not adequate for directly detecting choledocholithiasis. IOC not only shows bile tract obstruction and determines cholestasis causes, but it also identifies the anatomy biliary tract, which is a procedure that facilitates dissection. Therefore IOCcan prevent the most serious complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy - common bile duct injury. The sensitivity of IOC ensures the gathering of important information on time, so suggest to use it for every suspicious case.

Introduction: In gallstone diseases,common bile duct stones and thickened bilecould cause hepatitis or other difficulties.Therefore intraoperative cholangiography ishelpful in many operations besides detectingand diagnosing the gallstones in commonbile duct.Materials and Methods: Out of 266patients who had undergone LaparoscopicCholecystectomy surgery in GrandMedHospital, 14 patients were found to havejaundice and cholestasis after undergoinglaboratory and radiology tests.Results: These 14 patients have allundergone IOC. 7 out of 14 patients werefound to have positive cholangiogram andthe other 7 - negative. Biliary tract tumorand anatomic anomalies were not identifiedamong these patients.Conclusion: Making analysis usingonly laboratory data is not adequate fordirectly detecting choledocholithiasis. IOCnot only shows bile tract obstruction anddetermines cholestasis causes, but it alsoidentifies the anatomy biliary tract, whichis a procedure that facilitates dissection.Therefore IOCcan prevent the most seriouscomplication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy- common bile duct injury. The sensitivityof IOC ensures the gathering of importantinformation on time, so suggest to use it forevery suspicious case.

Summery For TDHDiaphragmatic rupture is a lifethreateningcondition. Diaphragmaticinjuries are quite uncommon and oftenresult from either blunt or penetratingtrauma. Diaphragmatic ruptures are usuallyassociated with abdominal trauma however,it can occur in isolation. Acute traumaticrupture of the diaphragm may go unnoticedand there is often a delay between the injuryand the diagnosis. A comprehensive literaturesearch was performed using the terms“delayed presentation of post traumaticdiaphragmatic rupture” and “delayeddiaphragmatic rupture”. The diagnosticand management challenges encounteredare discussed, together with strategies fordealing with them.In our hospital, we had one patientwho has been diagnosed as a TDH. Wewerefocused on mechanism of injury,duration, presentation and site of injury,visceral herniation, investigations anddifferent approaches for repair. We intendto do a laparoscopic repair, but it diagnosedas a TDH so we did open Laparotomy.

Grass pollens are one of the most important airborne allergen sources worldwide. The Poaceaefamily comprises about 9000 species, 20 species from five subfamilies are considered to be the mostfrequent causes of grass pollen allergy, and the allergenic relationships among them closely follow theirphylogenetic relationships. The allergic immune response to pollen of several grass species has beenstudied extensively over more than three decades. Eleven groups of allergens have been identified anddescribed, in most cases from more than one species. The most complete set of allergens has so farbeen isolated and cloned from Phleum pratense (timothy grass) pollen. Based on the prevalence of IgEantibody recognition among grass pollen-sensitized individuals, several allergens qualify as major, butmembers of two groups, groups 1 and 5, have been shown to dominate the immune response to grasspollen extract. Isoform variation has been detected in members of several of the allergen groups, whichin some cases can be linked to observed genetic differences. N-linked glycosylation occurs in membersof at least three groups. Carbohydrate- reactive IgE antibodies have been attributed to grass pollensensitization and found to cross-react with glycan structures from other allergen sources, particularlyvegetable foods. Another cause of extensive cross-reactivity are the group 12 allergens (profilins), whichbelong to a family of proteins highly conserved throughout the plant kingdom and present in all tissues.Members of eight allergen groups have been cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins capableof specific IgE binding. This development now allows diagnostic dissection of the immune response tograss pollen with potential benefits for specific immunotherapy.

IntroductionOver the last few years, the prevalence of aeroborn allergic disease is rising rapidly throughoutdeveloped and developing countries, and one of every four children in Western Europe has had allergy.In any country of the world over the last 10-20 years, studies on airopollinology and aeroallergenshowing increase of allergen rhinitis to pollen. This is catching many scientists and researchersattentions. These studies deemed that geological locations, climate and plant patterns changing as airpollution increases. Studies identified that pollen allergy in Europe is mainly produced by segmentedplants and in north Europe Betulacease type of allergy is dominating [2]. In our country, Mongolia,plant sturctures are relatively well studied geologically and climatically, and 203 species of plants,98 types and 31 families showed plants may cause allergies. Specifically recent years in Umnugoviprovince, with the expanding operations of many mining companies, increased air pollution leadingto a respiratory disease. With the uses of Compositae in medicine, cosmetics and food, sentization toplant of this family has been increasing in Europe as well as in Asia [3].Goal:To determine co sentization allergens to pollen of Taraxacum, columbine and weed, grass plants.Materials and МethodsThe Research has been done under the Biochemistry Department of Bio – Medical School, HSUMwith the help of “Effect” Allergy – Asthma Hospital. During the study of research, one period descriptiveresearch is done by studying the selected 432 patients who are diagnosed positive for the TaraxacumandAquilegia allergens by skin pricking test and these group is chosen from the airborne allergic patients“Effect” Allergy – Asthma Hospital in 2010 -2014 census.Tables and graphs showing study result were processed by using Excel-2013, SPSS-21.0 software.ResultIn this study, in 2010-2014, aeroallergens skin prick test was done on 5601 people and 18% or 1031people were aeroallergen sensitized.ConclusionsFindings from the skin prick tests for airborne allergens show that 8%, 5% of the patient is positive forTaraxacum, Aquilegia allergen. On SPTs taraxacum, aquilegia and mugwort 60% and grass pollen56,90% of population was cosensitized to all pollens.