Background:We determined lipid parameters which are the leading causes of developing cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis and investigated the increased serum triglyceride level which is referred to as atherogen triad , decreased high-density lipoprotein and increased low- density lipoprotein associating with age and sex.Method:237 people who were done lipid level parameter tests in the Central Hospital Laboratory were involved in the study. We identifed cholesterol, triglyceride, lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein ( HDL) (COBASC-311,ROCHE,Germany) which are the lipid parameters using full automatic apparatus .Results:While serum cholesterol level increased in the ages between 40-60 and has a tendency to decrease in the further, HDL level was decreasing as the age grew. Serum LDL level has strong direct relevance to cholesterol (r=0.720, p<0.01) and weak relevance to triglyceride (r=0.189,p<0.01). As for the sex, high- density lipoprotein level decreased for men with statistical importance (p<0.05) and there was no signifcant difference in other parameters. LDL level increased for 81.8% , increased cholesterol for 51.1%, raised triglyceride for 27.9% comparing with the normal rate but HDL level was decreased for 32.2% of the participants in the study. These changes mostly occurred at the ages of 40-60. Atherogen triad occurred for 16.5% of the participants and 13(33.3%) of whom were male and 26(66.7%) female.Conclusion:LDL and cholesterol level raised more than the normal rate comparing with other lipid parameters particularly as for 40-60 aged people and atherogen triad which leads to develop atherosclerosis occurs in 16.5% of all adults in the study.

Abstract Secondary metabolites present in the plants are predominantly responsible for treating various ailments. Secondary metabolites are also called as plant constituents or natural compounds which exert significant pharmacological and toxicological effects in humankind. The chemical compounds present in the plant sources are categorized as primary and secondary metabolites based on the chemical structure and biosynthetic derivation. These substances are called plants secondary metabolites. One of the most important of secondary metabolites is Tannins. Tannins are phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites of plants widespread in terrestrial and aquatic natural environments. As they can be found in plenty of plants and herbs, they have been traditionally used for medicinal and other purposes, such as the leather industry. This fact is explained by the fact that they exert plenty of different biological activities and, thus, they entail a great potential to be used in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industry.
Among the biological activities of tannins, the most relevant ones are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, healing and antimicrobial (antiviral and antibacterial)
Consequently, this review article is directed towards the description of the biological activities exerted by tannins as they could be further extracted from by-products of the agri-food industry to produce high-added-value products.

Abstract Trees and shrubs of the genus Betula (Betulaceae) inhabit various ecosystems in temperate and boreal climate zones of the northern hemisphere. The healing properties of Betula bark and bark extracts have been known for a long time in traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Several species of Betula have traditionally been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases including arthritis. The purpose of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the botany, traditional uses and phytochemical research of Betula species in order to explore their therapeutic potential and evaluate future research opportunities.