Objective To investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the spinal intermediate gray and it's relationship with hypertension. Methods Using NADPH\|d histochemistry method, the distribution of NOS in the spinal intermediate gray was investigated under microscope and analyzed quantitatively with image analysis system. Results 1 NOS positive neurons were observed mainly in the nucleus intermediolateralis thoracolumbalis pars principalis(ILp) and paracentral gray, as well as in the area of nucleus intercalatus spinalis. NOS positive cells existed in groups in ILp. The size and density of NOS positive cell groups differed with different spinal segments, no significant difference could be found in the distribution pattern of NOS positive neurons in the spinal intermediate gray between SHR and WKY. 2 The A value of NOS positive substance in the ILp of SHR was significantly lower than that in WKY. Conclusion The results imply that lower expression of NO in the area of ILp in SHR might be related to the development and maintenance of hypertension in SHR.\;

Nine healthy adult cats were used in the investigation.Lumbar incision wasmade in one side and the coeliac ganglion was exposed under Nembutal anesthesia.One or two mg of HRP(Sigma Type Ⅵ)dissolved in 7 to 18 microlitres of distilled water was slowly injected into the ganglion via two or three insertions.Theleft coeliac ganglion was injected in four cats,the right in the other four,and theganglia of both sides were injected in the rest one.After a postoperative survivalof 4～5 days,the animals were perfused through the heart with 2% paraformalde-hyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer(pH 7.4).Frozen serialsections(48 micra thick)of the postfixed spinal ganglia(C_3～L_7)were made andprocessed for the blue reaction using benzidine according to the Mesulam's eighthprocedure.The sections were counterstained with neutral red.HRP granules in the labelled cells in the spinal ganglia were discrete and easilyidentified under bright-field microscope,although the number of the granules variedfrom cell to cell.After the injection into the coeliac ganglia in ten sides,a totalnumber of 12,381 labelled cells were observed in the spinal ganglia.The greatermajority of them(more than 99%)were found ipsilateral to the side of injection.The labelled cells were found in the spinal ganglia from T_2 to L_2,but most of thesecells(78.1%)were distributed in the T_5 to T_9 segments.Furthermore,56.26% ofthe total number of them was situated at the level of T_(6～8),with the highest densityof the labelled cells in the seventh thoracic ganglion,constituting 22.19% of thetotal number.Although the number of labelled cells observed varied from case tocase,their percentage in the constitution of each ganglion in every case was similarto the general plan given above.There is no conspicuous difference between theleft and right sides in respect to the segmental distribution of labelled cells.Thelabelled cells were mainly of medium and small sizes.The larger cells,whichaccount for only 2.78% of all labelled cells,were very rare,and most of themwere found in the T_(5～9)spinal ganglia.The results of our investigation show that the visceral sensory fibers passingthrough the coeliac ganglion in one side come mostly from the ipsilateral spinalganglia T_5 to T_9.And about half of these fibers originate from T_6 to T_8 ganglia.Considering the fact that the greater majority of labelled cell bodies are of mediumor small size,it has been inferred that the fibers that arise from them are finemyelinated or unmyelinated and a part of them,at least,mediate the visceral pain.The labelled larger cells might be related to Pacinian corpuscles in the mesentery.It is difficult for the superior mesenteric ganglion to be separated from the coeliacganglion in cat;therefore,the labelled sensory neurons described above include,at least,a certain number of cell bodies of afferent fibers which traverse thesuperior mesenteric ganglion.

Twelve adult cats were used in our experiment.Under sodium pentobarbitalanesthesia one to two mg of HRP(Sigma Type Ⅵ),dissolved in 7 to 15 microlitresof distilled water,was slowly injected into the ganglion at two or three sites.Theleft coeliac ganglion was injected in seven cats,the right in other four and in oneboth sides were injected.After postoperative survival of 2～5 days,the animalswere perfused through the left ventricle with a mixture of 2% paraformaldehydeand 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer(pH 7.4).Serial frozen crosssections of the spinal cord were cut at 48 micra after postfixation and all sectionsof even numbers were selected and processed with the blue reaction according toMesulam's eighth procedure(1976)and counterstained with neutral red.The labelled cells were found in ipsilateral cord of the injected ganglion,andwere distributed in a transverse zone which may be divided into four nuclei:1.thenucleus intermediolateralis pars principalis(IL_p)2.the nucleus intermediolateralispars funicularis(IL_f)3.the nucleus intercalatus(IC)and 4.the nucleus interca-latus pars paraependymalis(IC_(pe)).The total number of the labelled cells in eachcase varies from 1,179 to 92.The segmental range of the labelled cells extendedfrom the T_1 to the L_1 segments in the longest and from the T_4 to the T_(10)or fromthe T_3 to T_9 segments in the shortest.The data were treated with the statisticalweighted method,and the result shows:about 69.93%?0.57 of the total labelledcells are located in the spinal segments from T_5 to T_8,and about 21.61%?0.52 inthe T_6 segment.The percentage of labelled cells in the four nuclei given above isas follows:IL_p:77%,IL_f:12%,IC:9% and IC_(pe):2%.Furthermore the majorityof labelled cells in IC and IC_(pe)were found in T_(5～8)segments,the greatest densityof them was in the T_6 segment of spinal cord.We found no obvious difference between the left and right in the pattern of thedistribution and the segmental arrangment of the labelled sympathetic preganglionicneurons.

Objective To investigate if the cell death in hippocampus can occur after single and kindled audiogenic seizure,and the pertinent mechanisms involved. Methods HE staining was used to show the distribution of the dead cells and the immunocytochemistry was used to show the expression of the apoptosis\|related proteins Bcl\|2 and Bax. Results After single audiogenic seizure,there were a few dead cells in hippocampus.After kindled seizure a lots of pyknotic,acidophilic cells were found in hippocampal CA\-1,CA\-2,CA\-4 subregions and the granular layer of dentate gyrus.The CA (corrected optic density) values of Bax immunoreactivities in CA\-2 and CA\-4 subregions were increased significantly in kindled rats, in contrast with that in control rats.Conclusions\ Audiogenic kindling can induce marked cell death in hippocampus.Apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms underling this kind of cell death.

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of STAT3 in the retina during the early development of postnatal hamster. Methods Immunocytochemical method and Western blot analysis were used. Results The expression of STAT3 was found in all layers of the retina in all newborn hamsters,most pronounced in the ganglion cell layer(GCL),the inner plexiform layer(IPL)and the inner area of neuroblastic layer(NBL).With the development,the STAT3 immunoreactivity was gradually restricted in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the retinal ganglion cells.The result of the Western blot showed that the STAT3 was highly expressed in the first week of postnatal development and then reduced gradually till the lowest point in the adulthood.Conclusion The expression of STAT3 protein may be closely related to the early development of the retina in the postnatal hamster.

Objective On the basis that olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplanted into injured spinal cord may facilitate axonal regeneration, the OECs were cultured from olfactory bulb and nasal olfactory mucosa in the present study, in order to explore if the olfactory mucosa could be a new donation for transplanting the olfactory ensheathing cells. Methods OECs were harvested from olfactory bulb and mucosa based on the differing rates of attachment of the various cell types, following GFAP and NGFRp75 immunocytochemistry. Results Three morphological and immunohistochmically distinct types of cell which appeared bipolar,tripolar and flat morphology were present in primary cultures of adult rat olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa.Conclusion The method of purification for OECs based on the different rates of attachment among the various cell types is simple, inexpensive and practical. The OECs from nasal olfactory mucosa like ones from the olfactory bulb is an accessible source of tissue for autologous grafting in human spinal paralegia in the future.

32,16,16.Combined with azithromycin were8,16,16,8.MEM,CAZ,CIP combined with AMK were 1,4,8.AMK combined with CIP were 4.Conclusion Compared with sole,MEM,CAZ,CIP combined with azithromycin can reduce the MPC and SI of antibiotics alone to pseudomonas aeruginosa and restrain the drug-resistant mutants.But the capacity of preventing mutants arise were weaker than combined with AMK.AMK combined with azithromycin can't reduce the SI.But when combined with CIP,the SI of AMK were reduced greatly.

OBJECTIVE To study whether the ciprofloxacin(CIP)combined with amikacin(AMK)will decrease the drug-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli(ECO)in vitro.METHODS The MIC of CIP and AMK alone was determined by agar plates dilution method,and the combined MIC by checkerboard method.The mutant prevention concentration(MPC)both alone and combined was determined by the method of agar plates dilution method,and then the value of selectiveity index(SI)(MPC/MIC)would be acquired.RESULTS The SI of two antibiotics separatedly were 16(CIP)and 32(AMK).When two antibiotics combined,if the concentration of AMK and CIP reached 2MIC could restrain the mutants.After these two antibiotics combined,the value of SI(MPCcombined/MICcombined)came to be 8(0.008/0.001)and 8(2.0/0.25).CONCLUSIONS Compared with alone,CIP and AMK combined can decrease the MPC and SI to ECO,and have the more effect to AMK.In this way,we can reduce the drug-resistant mutants.

Objective To investigate the expression of GDNF in the olfactory ensheathing glia cells of the adult rats and golden hamster for studying the mechanisms of the OECs in the CNS regeneration. Methods The immunohistochemical staining was performed on the slides of adult olfactory bulb from 3 rats and 3 golden hamsters.According to the primary antibody,tissue slides were divided into 3 groups:rabbit polyclonal GDNF,the rabbit polyclonal GFAP and rabbit polyclonal NGFRp75(Santa Cruz Biotechnology)respectively,and followed by the rabbit ABC immunoreactive staining system. Results It revealed that GDNF was expressed by cells in the first two lines of olfactory bulb from rat and golden hamster.The GFAP and NGFRp75 were also expressed in the same position from other two groups of slides respectively.Conclusion The olfactory ensheathing cell could secret GDNF in the progress of mediating neuronal survival and axonal elongation.

Objective Investigate the morphological features and distribution of olfactory ensheathing cells(Ecs) to study the relationship with CNS regeneration. Methods Luxol fast blue,Mallory special staining methods and TEM were emploed. Results ECs are distributed within the first two layers of olfactory bulb(OB) and olfactory epithelium along the olfactory nerve.The majority of cells are flattened with extended cytoplasm,although some are bipolar or tripolar with long and thin processes.NGFRp75 immunocytochemical reactive are sequentially expressed by ECs in the first two layers of OB and olfactory epithelium.TEM showed that the ECs possessed an irregularly shaped nucleus with a prominent nucleolus,and the mesaxon of each ECs encloses densely packed bundles of unmyelinated axons.Conclusion\ The ECs are a type of macroglia exclusively located in the first two layers of OB and olfactory epithelium,the morphology of EC is flattened with extended cytoplasm and the mesaxon of each ECs encloses densely packed bundles of unmyelinated axons.