No abstract available.
Colonoscopy ; England ; Quality Indicators, Health Care

No abstract available.
Colonoscopy ; England ; Quality Indicators, Health Care

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experiences of patients who used ambulance services and analyze the factors which influenced their willingness to use them again. METHODS: The survey was carried out at 17 emergency medical centers for 2 days, and 225 patients and protectors answered the questions. The questionnaire was developed through literature review and consultation with professions. Survey questions addressed the following: dispatchers' degree of careful listening, dispatchers' ability to easily understand location information, advice from dispatchers, waiting time for EMTs (emergency medical technicians), EMTs' degree of careful listening, EMTs' explanations, EMTs' communication of information to hospital staffs and patient comfort in transit. RESULTS: The level of patient experiences was relatively poorer than in England. The major factors which influenced patients' willingness to return were advice from dispatchers, EMTs' communication of information to hospital staffs and patient comfort in transit. Demographic and socio-economic factors had no bearing on willingness to return. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of patients' experiences is a useful method for gauging the quality of ambulance services and is not influenced by patients' demographic and socio-economic factors. Moreover, specifically focused questions about patients' experiences can greatly contribute to improving the quality of ambulance services.
Ambulances* ; Emergencies ; England ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Scotland has a different legal system to that of England. This paper introduces a brief description of the legal system concerning the practice of forensic pathology and forensic medicine in Scotland. To aid understanding of forensic pathologic practice, the statistical analysis of post-mortem examinations at Glasgow, in 1998 is shown.
Autopsy* ; England ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Pathology* ; Scotland*

Scotland has a different legal system to that of England. This paper introduces a brief description of the legal system concerning the practice of forensic pathology and forensic medicine in Scotland. To aid understanding of forensic pathologic practice, the statistical analysis of post-mortem examinations at Glasgow, in 1998 is shown.
Autopsy* ; England ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Pathology* ; Scotland*

The roots of teeth exposed by gingival recession, may be successfully covered by various type of gingival grafting procedures. Vascularization of the recipient site is an essential determinant of the grafts'survival during the first healing stages. It has been suggested that a procedure by which they stimulate the periosteum presurgically will induce the proliferation of neo-endothelium in the site to be operated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variations in the gingival blood flow during 4weeks after periosteal stimulation in patient scheduled to receive gingival grafts and to compare variations in the gingival blood flow between smoker and non-smoker. Laser Doppler Flowmetry(floLAB(R), Moor Instruments Ltd, England ; wave length = 780mm. Max. power =1.6mW) was used to measure the gingival blood flow. 112 sites of 68 male patients (32 smokers and 36 nonsmoker), aged between 23 and 48 years (smoker : 24-44 years, mean=32.6, non-smoker : 23-48 years, mean=28.5) were monitored for the blood flow. Gingival blood flow measured at before periosteal stimulation, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-weeks after periosteal stimulation from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. The difference of blood flow in each measuring time, each measuring site and between smokers and nonsmokers were statistically analyzed by MANOVA. The results were as follows : (1) Blood flow stayed increased for 2 weeks, and then, it was a tendency to decrease(p<0.05). (2) There was no statistically significant difference of blood flow change between smokers and non-smokers. (3) The blood flow at middle site had lower than mesial and distal site during the measuring periods(p<0.05). The present study suggested that blood flow change following peirosteal stimulation was significant difference, thus periosteal stimulation before gingival graft might induce favorable results in gingival recession patient.
England ; Gingival Recession ; Humans ; Male ; Periosteum ; Tooth ; Transplants

Extended wear soft contact lens will be the fascinating idea among the contact lens wearers in near future. A contact lens that is to be left on the eye surface during periods of sleep must achieve a degree of ocular compatibilities not previously encountered in contact lens practice. In this paper I report the clinical studies of Permalens, that is made by Global Vision, England, in 6 aphakic patients. During the 4 months periods of follow-up studies, all patients ara using their lenses very comfortably and no specific complications are found until now.
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic* ; England ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

Daylight Saving Time (DST) is used worldwide and affects millions of people annually. In the most countries, DST begins turning clocks forward by an hour in the spring and backward by an hour in the fall. transition out of DST in the fall increases the available daylight in the morning by one hour. Springtime transition into DST leads to an increase of the available daylight in the evening. During World War I, in an effort to reduce fuel consumption, Germany and England began to practice DST in 1916. Currently, 77 countries and most of OECD adopted DST except Korea, Japan, Iceland. The rationale for Daylight Saving Time (DST) is bolstered by the fact that it increases daylight hours within which the activity a population reaches its peak. Therefore, the effects of transitions into DST to the public health should be further explored, as DST affects millions of people annually and its impacts are still largely unknown. A general perception is that Turning clock forwards (on spring) or backwards (on fall) by one hour would affect our health. In This study, the association between Daylight Saving Time (DST) and health in population was investigated through theoretical and systemic review studies. Since the study was conducted solely on theoretical grounds, further research is needed to assess additional health-related impacts of Daylight Saving Time (DST) and to carry out more specific analysis on population health in Korea. In conclusion, population health is more strongly affected during spring transition into DST than during fall transition out of DST.
England ; Germany ; Iceland ; Japan ; Korea ; Public Health ; World War I

The genus Hypoxylon is a member of the Xylariaceae which has brown to dark brown and pha- seoliform single cell ascospores with a conspicuous full germ slit. The isolates of Hypoxylon collected from England, Hong Kong and Korea are compared with similar taxa and described. These isolations under Hypoxylon section are detailed and illustrated, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Hypoxylon howeianum and H. rubiginosum are described and compared with former collection from Korea. A key to the species is also included.
England ; Fungi* ; Hong Kong ; Korea ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Wood*

Erysiphe azaleae, a powdery mildew fungus on Rhododendron spp., was originally described from North America, and has only recently been recorded in Germany, England, Switzerland and Poland. The present paper records plentiful collections of this species from Poland, and provides additional information of its anamorphic state for taxonomic purposes.
England ; Fungi ; Germany ; North America ; Poland* ; Rhododendron ; Switzerland