No abstract available.
Emergencies ; Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer

OBJECTIVES: It is difficult to carry and set up a large numbers of computers when computerized neurobehavioral tests are performed to many subjects. There are difficulties in mobilizing and resetting desktop computers and so, the use of desktop computers will decrease due to the recent increasing popularity of laptop computers. However, it is essential that there is no difference between the tests performed on a laptop and on a desktop computer. This study was conducted to estimate the effect that the type of computer has on computerized neurobehavioral performance tests. METHODS: Three types of computers were applied. Type 1 was a normal laptop computer. Type 2 was a laptop computer that was remodeled and equipped with a modified keyboard. A common desktop computer with a remodeled keyboard as type 3. The computerized tests included Simple Reaction Time, Choice Reaction Time, Symbol Digit, and Finger Tapping Speed. A total of 60 subjects were examined by the identical tester in the same testing conditions. The computers were randomly allocated, which were used in the test and let examinees take tests with the separate computers. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the computers for the results of the Simple Reaction Time and Finger Tapping Speed tests. The mean reaction time, error number of Choice Reaction Time and mean reaction time, correct mean reaction time, error number of Symbol Digit produced significantly different results among the three types of computers. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that with only a laptop computer the Simple Reaction Time test using the space bar was useful. But with the laptop computer, the Choice Reaction Time test using the four-direction key and the Symbol Digit test using the upper end number key were unsuitable. The keyboard should be developed further for the Choice Reaction Time and Symbol Digit tests. Among the three computers, we recommend the use of the desktop computer with the remodeled keyboard which the examinees are familiar with and the laptop computer with the remodeled keyboard.
Fingers ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Reaction Time

With the advance of modern radiation therapy technique, radiation dose conformation and dose distribution have improved dramatically. However, the progress does not completely fulfill the goal of cancer treatment such as improved local control or survival. The discordances with the clinical results are from the biophysical nature of photon, which is the main source of radiation therapy in current field, with the lower linear energy transfer to the target. As part of a natural progression, there recently has been a resurgence of interest in particle therapy, specifically using heavy charged particles, because these kinds of radiations serve theoretical advantages in both biological and physical aspects. The Korean government is to set up a heavy charged particle facility in Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences. This review introduces some of the elementary physics of the various particles for the sake of Korean radiation oncologists' interest.
Korea ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Neutrons ; Protons

Dental Models ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Orthognathic Surgery

Objective To investigate the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect between dylight (DL) and AuNP (AuNP), and to construct a new fluorescence immunoassay for insulin in combination with the immunocompetition method. Methods Insulin antigen (Ag) and insulin antibody (Ab) were conjugated with DL and AuNP respectively to form DL-Ag conjugate and AUNp-AB conjugate. A novel fluorescence immunoassay for insulin was developed on the basis of FRET effect and the immune competition response between them. Then the performance of the method was evaluated and its application in actual samples was explored. Results The fluorescence immunoassay showed high sensitivity (0.015 ng/mL), short measurement time (4 min) and good specificity. It was successfully used in the measurement of serum insulin, and the recovery was between 96.9% and 121.1%. Conclusion FRET effect between AuNP and DL can be applied to develop a fluorescence immunoassay for the measurement of serum insulin.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Insulin ; Immunoassay

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between personality traits and awareness of gender equality. METHOD: A descriptive survey design was used and 688 students in fifth and sixth grades in 3 elementary schools were selected as participants. RESULT: 1. Level of gender equality awareness among the students was 2.82. This is higher than average and was most influenced by awareness of family life, followed by awareness in education, work environment and social-cultural life. 2. Students with higher levels of extraversion-introversion had higher levels of awareness of gender equality in family life, work environment, and education. Students with higher levels of tough-mindedness showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in family life and work environment, while those with higher levels of lying showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in social-cultural life. CONCLUSION: Personality traits and awareness of gender equality were correlated to some degree. However, in order to understand the characteristics of childhood personality traits and the behaviors of our children though the mediation of the gender equality awareness as society changes, and to let them grow with understanding of gender equality, it is essential to implement various kinds of education in families, schools, and the society.
Child ; Deception ; Education ; Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Negotiating ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to ascertain whether the positive relationship exists among the frenum length, the tongue movement and the speech and to present the normal range of tongue movement and guidelines for the choice of surgery, observation if necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 180 patients were evaluated. We divided 180 patients into 6 groups by age. Each group was separated as follows; the age of 2.5-4, 5-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, 16-18. We measured the frenal length, the range of tongue motion and evaluated the speech so that we really questioned about the positive relationship between the tongue-tie and speech. We let the patient exercise the protrusive, both(right, left) laterotrusive, superior movement of the tongue. During these movements, we measured the distance between the vermilion border and the tongue tip. We also measured the distance from the tongue tip to the point contacting the upper lip with dorsum of the tongue during the maximal protrusive movement of the tongue. Three linear measurements of the anterior, inferior segment of the tongue, including the lingual frenum, are made. These measurements are as follows: 1. Distance A. Free anterior portion of the tongue from the point of frenular insertion to the tongue tip. 2. Distance B. The distance from the initiating point of the lingual frenum to the point connecting the two sublingual caruncles to the lingual frenum perpendicularly. 3. Distance C. The distance from the point contacting the line crossing the sublingual caruncles with the lingual frenum to the terminating point of the lingual frenum. We transform three linear measures into a statistical ratio, A/(A+B+C), representing the length of the free portion of the tongue compared with the total sublingual dimensions. In addition, we assessed the speech through Picture Consonant Articulation Test (PCAT) and tried to find out the relationship between the length of the lingual frenum and speech. CONCLUSION: As people are born, they have small and restricted tongue. As people grow old, tongue motions are more liberate, and unrestricted and they can speak so freely. Therefore we suggest that until age 5, oral and maxillofacial surgeons postpone the surgery if not urgent, evaluate the maximal lingual motions and PCAT according to this article and observe their changes.
Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Lingual Frenum* ; Lip ; Reference Values ; Tongue*

The patients with accommodative esotropia due to high AC/A(accommodative convergence/accommodation) ratio show prominent esodeviation and can not fuse without bifocals at near. The purpose of this study is to eliminate prominent near esotropia in those patients and let them fuse at near without bifocals. We performed unilateral or bilateral medial recti recti recessions according to the angle of near esotropia in 14 patients. Twelve patients showed orthophcria or small esophoria less than 12 delta. Eleven of these patients obtained solid fusion after surgery except 3-year-old patient who could not understand the stereopsis test. One patient had esophoria of 20 delta after surgery and showed gross stereopsis. The other patient recurred 27 delta of intermittent esotropia. Twelve of 13 patients(92.3%) could fuse without bifocals at near. The recession of medial rectus or recti was effective on the removal of prominent near esotropia and obtaining fusion without bifocals. Furthermore it did not disturb angle of deviation and fusion at distant. We recommend this procedure as a secure and effective treatment for near esotropia caused by high AC/A ratio.
Child, Preschool ; Depth Perception ; Esotropia* ; Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer

Recent advance in the field of microvacular surgery has popularized the reattachment of severed digit, with increasing success rate and improving functional regain. Reattachment surgery was performed in six digits, two thumbs and four fingers, which had been amputated at or distal to the level of DIP joint. Microvascular anastomosis of one digital artery was done and the venous drainage was reestablished with blood letting from the pulp of each digit. There was one failure in which hypersensitivity to heparin was present, while all other five showed success. Postoperatively considerable sensory recovery was present in all.
Arteries ; Drainage ; Fingers ; Heparin ; Hypersensitivity ; Joints ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Thumb

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Linear Energy Transfer* ; Pregnancy