Endotoxemia ; diagnosis ; Endotoxins ; analysis ; Humans ; Sepsis ; diagnosis

Endotoxin is an important factor which can lead to endotoxemia and complication. Accurate detection of its concentration is very useful for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. A piezoelectric biosensor for detecting endotoxin was developed, which was based on liquid damping effect of quartz crystal resonator. The test results showed that the maximal frequency shift of sensor is linearly dependent on the logarithm value of concentration of endotoxin (0.1 pg/m - 10 ng/ml). The time which d (deltaf)/dt(maax) appeared in frequency shift curve was also linearly dependent on the logarithm value of concentration of endotoxin (0.01 pg/ml - 10 ng/ml). The detection time was shortened and the minimal limit of detection was decreased using the second method. Thus the proposed sensor is much simpler, more precise and has more lower limit of detecting detection of endotoxin when compared with the conventional methods.
Animals ; Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; Endotoxins ; analysis ; Equipment Design ; Quartz ; Rabbits

Hazardous biochemical agents in animal husbandry indoor environments are known to promote the occurrence of various illnesses among workers and animals. The relationship between endotoxin levels in dust collected from chicken farms and various immunological markers was investigated. Peripheral blood was obtained from 20 broiler chickens and 20 laying hens from four different chicken farms in Korea. Concentrations of total or respirable dust in the inside the chicken farm buildings were measured using a polyvinyl chloride membrane filter and mini volume sampler. Endotoxin levels in the dust were determined by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Kinetic method. Interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with concanavalin A was significantly lower in broilers or layers from the farms with higher endotoxin concentrations than the chickens from the farms with lower endotoxin levels. An opposite pattern was observed for plasma cortisol concentrations with higher cortisol levels found in chickens from the farms with higher endotoxin levels. When peripheral lymphocytes were examined, the percentage of CD3-Ia+ B cells was lower in layers from farms with higher endotoxin levels than those from locations with lower endotoxin levels. Overall, these results suggest a probable negative association between dust endotoxin levels and cell-mediated immunity in chickens.
Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Biomarkers/blood ; Chickens/*immunology ; Dust/*analysis ; Endotoxins/*analysis ; *Housing, Animal ; *Immunity, Cellular

OBJECTIVETo determine bacterial endotoxin in the replacement solution of on-line hemodiafiltration (on-line HDF) using kinetic turbidimetric limulus test.

METHODS AND RESULTSValidation test was performed with the replacement solution of on-line HDF in which quantified standard endotoxin was added. The recovery rates of endotoxin from the replacement solution and its dilutions at 1/5, 1/10, and 1/20 were 58.17%, 106.7%, 99.00% and 98.79%, respectively, suggesting that the optimal dilution was at 1/10. Standard endotoxin was added into the replacement solution of on-line HDF of 3 batches (040408, 040511,040527), and the recovery rates in their dilution at 1/10 were 76.32%, 99.00% and 96.24%, respectively. The standard endotoxin in the working curve was 1.00, 0.125, and 0.0156 Eu/ml (endotoxin unit/ml), and the dilution at 1/10 of the replacement solution is effective to eliminate the interference in limulus test.

CONCLUSIONKinetic turbidimetric limulus test provide a means to detect endotoxin in the replacement solution of on-line HDF.

Endotoxins ; analysis ; Hemodiafiltration ; methods ; Hemodialysis Solutions ; analysis ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Limulus Test ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo detect content of bacterial endotoxin in Yuxingcao and Qingkailing injections by specific and nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate technique for in order to investigate the feasibility of specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate technique for detecting bacterial endotoxin in traditional Chinese drug injections.

METHODDifferent batches of Yuxingcao and Qingkailing injections were detected by specific and nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate kits.

RESULTYuxingcao injection could be detected by specific and nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate technique, Whereas Qingkailing injection could be detected only by specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate.

CONCLUSIONUsing specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate as a substitute for nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate is an effective method for detecting content of bacterial endotoxin in Qingkailing injection.

Animals ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Endotoxins ; analysis ; Horseshoe Crabs ; Limulus Test ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the application of biosensor technology in the determination of endotoxin-neutralizing materials.

METHODSAfter mixing polymyxin B (PMB) with endotoxin in certain concentration, the neutralizing ratio of PMB to endotoxin was assessed by biosensor technique and limulus amebocyte lysate test respectively. The results from the two methods were compared.

RESULTSThe neutralizing ratio of PMB to endotoxin as assessed by biosensor technology was 0.35 microg to 1 ng, while that by dynamic turbidimetric and chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) technique was 0.5 mg to 1 ng and 1 mg to 1 ng, respectively. The results obtained by biotechnology were similar to that by biosensor technique.

CONCLUSIONBiosensor technology was an accurate, convenient and rapid method for the determination of potency of endotoxin-neutralizing materials.

Bacterial Proteins ; analysis ; Biosensing Techniques ; methods ; Endotoxins ; analysis ; Lipid A ; analysis ; Polymyxin B ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo review the current status of the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in traditional chinese medicine injections with the limulus lysate test, and to evaluate the feasibility of this test for the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in these injections.

METHODThe data related to the topic was collected, analyzed and summarized.

RESULTThe limulus lysate test was not available for most of traditional chinese medicine injections due to the interference. And the same injection may uield different test results because of different factories, batch numbers, different techniques and preparational conditions.

CONCLUSIONThere is still a long way to go to apply the limulus lysate test to the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in traditional chinese medicine injections.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Endotoxins ; analysis ; Limulus Test ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; chemically induced ; Endotoxins ; toxicity ; Female ; Male ; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type ; analysis ; Neurotensin ; analysis ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo compare the endotoxin levels between acute and chronic periapical periodontitis with different clinical symptoms.

METHODS10 cases of acute periapical priodontitis(Group 1), 10 cases of chronic periapical periodontitis (group 2, the diameter of apical radiolucency area was less than 2 mm), 10 cases of chronic periapical periodontitis with sinus(group 3, the diameter of apical radiolucency area was greater than 2 mm), 10 cases of chronic periapical periodontitis without sinus (group 4, the diameter of apical radiolucency area was greater than 2 mm), were included in the study. Chromogenic substrate method of limulus amebocyte lysate(LAL) test was used to measure the endotoxin level.

RESULTSEndotoxin concentrations in group 2 were significantly lower than those in group 1, group 3 and group 4(P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEndotoxin plays a very important role in the initiation and development of periapical periodotitis and is closely associated with clinical symptoms and apical radiolucency degree.

Acute Disease ; Bacteria ; Chronic Disease ; Endotoxins ; analysis ; Humans ; Limulus Test ; Periapical Periodontitis ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Root Canal Irrigants

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic variability of intestinal flora and endotoxins in rats with fulminate hepatic failure.

METHODSEstablishing the fulminate hepatic failure models by intraperitoneal injection of Galactosamine. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group A (n=10) were killed at the beginning of the experiment as control; while Group B (n=12) and C (n=18), the fulminate hepatic failure models, were killed 24 and 48 hours respectively after successful induction. Then, the contents of the jejunum, ileum and colon descendents were collected and a quantitative analysis was made about intestinal flora. Meanwhile, the concentrations of endotoxin in portal vein and right ventricle were determined and so were those in contents of ileums and colons.

RESULTSOur experiments showed that the livers of rats in group B were injured most seriously among three groups, and a minor recovery of hepatic function was observed in group C with the decrease of total bile acids (P< 0.05). Analysis on intestinal flora show: the intestinal enterobacteriacea increase and the lactobacillus decrease in group B (P< 0.01 in jejunum and ileum and P<0.05 in colon). The comparisons between group C and B showed that the enterobacteriacea in the former decreased in both jejunum and colon (P< 0.05) while the number of lactobacillus recovered in the jejunum of group C (P<0.05). Quantitative analysis on endotoxins showed that the ileum endotoxin increased in group B (P< 0.05) and in group C, endotoxins in ileum and colons also increased (vs. control, P<0.01); portal endotoxin in group B showed higher level than that in group A and C (P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe alteration of intestinal flora was observed in fulminate hepatic failure rats. Abnormal intestinal flora might lead to incline of endotoxin in ileum, colon and portal vein, while the recovery of normal intestinal flora would decrease the level of portal endotoxin.

Animals ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Endotoxins ; analysis ; Intestines ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Failure ; microbiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley