Endothelial Cells ; pathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; pathology ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; pathology

Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Stem Cells ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo investigate relationship between expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proliferative potency of endothelium in hemangioma (HM).

METHODSImmunohistochemical staining was used to detect expression of iNOS and Ki-67 protein in 49 cases of HM and 29 cases of vascular malformation (VM).

RESULTSExpressive rate of iNOS and Ki-67 protein of 49 cases of HM was 38% and (10.98 +/- 7.93)%. Expressive rate of iNOS and Ki-67 protein of 29 cases of VM was respectively 3% and (0.03 +/- 0.19)%. The expressive rate of iNOS and Ki-67 protein of HM was significantly higher than that of VM (P = 0.001 and 0). The expressive rate of Ki-67 protein of HM of proliferative phase was (12.67 +/- 7.65)% , which was significantly higher than that of HM of extinctive phase, (7.27 +/- 7.49)% (P = 0.028).

CONCLUSIONSExpression of iNOS and Ki-67 protein of HM is significantly higher than that of VM, and the proliferative potency of HM is significantly higher than that of VM.

Child, Preschool ; Endothelium ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Female ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infant ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature endothelial cells which have the capacity to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into mature endothelial cells from bone marrow to the peripheral circulation. EPCs have been shown to participate in postnatal endothelial repair and neovascularization of ischemic organs, and have been used as a new source of seeded cells in vascular tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on the origin, identification, property and function of EPCs as well as their application in vascular tissue engineering.
Animals ; Blood Vessels ; physiopathology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; pathology ; physiology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Recovery of Function ; physiology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of close contact between the stent and the graft on the induction of endothelial covering on the stent graft placed over an aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saccular abdominal aortic aneurysms were made with Dacron patch in eight dogs. The stent graft consisted of an inner stent, a expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft, and an outer stent. After sacrificing the animals, the aortas with an embedded stent graft were excised. The aortas were inspected grossly and evaluated microscopically. RESULTS: The animals were sacrificed at two (n = 3), six (n = 3), and eight months (n = 2) after endovascular repair. In two dogs, the aortic lumen was occluded at two months after the placement. On gross inspection of specimens from the other six dogs with a patent aortic lumen, stent grafts placed over the normal aortic wall were covered by glossy white neointima, whereas, stent grafts placed over the aneurysmal aortic wall were covered by brownish neointima. On microscopic inspection, stent grafts placed over the normal aortic wall were covered by thin neointima (0.27 +/- 0.05 mm, mean +/- standard deviation) with an endothelial layer, and stent grafts placed over the aneurysmal aortic wall were covered by thick neointima (0.62 +/- 0.17 mm) without any endothelial lining. Transgraft cell migration at the normal aortic wall was more active than that at the aneurysmal aortic wall. CONCLUSION: Close contact between the stent and the graft, which was achieved with stent grafts with endo-exo-skeleton, could not enhance endothelial covering on the stent graft placed over the aneurysms.
Animals ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology/*therapy ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/pathology ; *Stents ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of multiple myeloma (MM) cells on normal endothelial cells in co-culture system in vitro.

METHODSA co-culture system of human MM cell line RPMI8226 with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was established in vitro. Mono-cultured normal endothelial cells were used as control. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphology of the endothelial cells. The effects of HUVECs co-cultured with RPMI8226 on HUVECs angiogenesis were studied by modified transwell migration assay and net-like formation assay. The protein expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, Endoglin, Tie-2, beta 3 integrin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in HUVECs were determined by FACS and Western blot analysis, respectively.

RESULTSThe morphology of HUVECs co-cultured with RPMI8226 cells became a narrower apart of extended shape as they began to align themselves. The sizes of nucleus and nucleolus were enlarged with an increased ratio of nuclear to nucleoplasm. The endoplasm was lose and distorted and the number of surface microvilli decreased. The RPMI8226 cell stimulated the migration and net-like formation of HUVEC, the number of net-like structure and migration cell being increased by 112% and 136%, respectively, compared with that of mono-cultured HUVECs. The expressions of BDNF, TrkB, Endoglin, Tie-2, beta 3 integrin and VCAM-1 in the ECs co-cultured with RPMI8226 were all up-regulated in comparison with those in the controls.

CONCLUSIONThe MM cells promote formation of new vessels in co-cultured endothelial cells and the endothelial cells in MM are different from the normal ECs in character, and behavior.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Tongguan Capsule on the mobilization and differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) to the injured carotid arteries.

METHODSThe rat model of injured carotid arteries was established. Mononuclear cells were separated from the bone marrow of donor rats, which were labeled by PKH 26 and then injected through the tail vein to the recipient rats with injured carotid arteries. The rats were randomly divided into two groups. Tongguan Capsule suspension was administered by gastrogavage to rats in the experiment group, while equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the control group. Four weeks later the injured carotid arteries were harvested and frozen sections were made to observe the differences of intima area/media area ratio (Ai/Am). The difference of BMMNCs migrating to the injured carotid arteries between the two groups was observed under fluorescence microscope. The difference of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) levels in serum were detected by ELISA.

RESULTSThe PKH 26 labeled cells appeared in the experiment group, while only little scattered fluorescent light points was presented in the control group. The intima area and the ratio of Ai/Am of the experiment group decreased more obviously than that of the control group (P<0.01). Two and 4 weeks later the VEGF and SDF-1 levels in serum of the experiment group were more obviously enhanced than those of the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONTongguan Capsule could promote the BMMNCs transplanting towards the intima of injured carotid arteries, and take part in the repair of the intima of injured carotid arteries.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Monocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tunica Intima ; cytology ; drug effects ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hyperlipidemia on vasa vasorum and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and study the role of vasa vasorum in arteriosclerosis.

METHODSThirty SD rats were randomized into normal control, hyperlipidemic and simvastatin treatment groups (n=10). In simvastatin group, hyperlipidemia was induced by a 4-week administration of atherogenic diet followed by a 16-week treatment with simvastatin at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg, and the rats in hyperlipidemic rats received no treatment. The changes in the aorta and vasa vasorum were examined, and serum lipid concentration and VEGF and NO levels were measured.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the hyperlipidemic rats showed significantly thickened intima and media aorta and increased vasa vasorum density with lowered NO level, but VEGF underwent no significant changes. Simvastatin treatment significantly reduced the thickness of the intima and media aorta and increased vasa vasorum density in comparison with those in hyperlipidemic group. Simvastatin treatment also significantly increased VEGF and NO levels and a positive correlation was noted between their levels.

CONCLUSIONHyperlipidemia can impair the vasa vasorum and aortic endothelial function. Simvastatin increases VEGF and NO and promotes neogenesis of the vasa vasorum for the benefit of the aortic function.

Animals ; Aorta ; cytology ; Arteriosclerosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiology ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Simvastatin ; pharmacology ; Vasa Vasorum ; cytology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mobilization on the healing of calvarial defect in diabetic mice.

METHODS55 type II adult male diabetic mice were included in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups: the non-operative group (n = 5), the experimental group (n = 25) and the control group (n = 25). Two circular bony defects, 3 mm in diameter, were created on the parietal bones of the diabetic mice. Intraperitoneal AMD3100 (10 mg/kg; n = 25) or sterile saline (control group) was administered daily beginning at post-operative day 3 and continuing for 15 days. 5 mice were sacrificed in each group at non-operation, post-operative week 1,2,4, 8,12. Circulation EPC level was measured at pre-operation, post-operative day 7 and day 14. Bony regeneration was assessed with micro-CT at post-operative week 4, 8 and 12. HE staining was performed on all the decalcified bone samples. Immunofluorescent CD31 and osteocalcin staining was performed on calvarial defects at weeks 1, 2, and 4 to assess the vascularity and osteoblast density, respectively.

RESULTSThe mobilization of EPC in diabetic mice almost disappeared one week after trauma, while AMD3100 could dramatically increase the circulation EPC level for a long time after trauma. Compared to control group, the healing percentage of bony defect in the diabetic mice treated with AMD3100 was obviously increased at post-operative week 8 (50.5% vs. 34.8%) and week 12 (50.9% vs. 40.2%). Calvarial defects of AMD3100-treated mice harvested at 1, 2, and 4 weeks demonstrated increased vascularity and osteoblast density, compared to the controls. The difference was most marked in postoperative week 2 (vascularity: 6.11% vs. 2.47%; osteoblast density 2.81% vs. 1.22%, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAMD3100 can improve the healing of calvarial defect in diabetic mice by increasing the vascularity and osteoblast density at the regeneration area.

Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Heterocyclic Compounds ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Parietal Bone ; Skull ; pathology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of thalidomide on Annexin II (AnxA2) gene regulation in multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 and human microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1 cells in vitro, and explore the potential mechanism of thrombosis induced by thalidomide.

METHODSRPMI8226 and HMEC-1 cells were cultivated in vitro. Real time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was used to detect the influence of thalidomide at different concentration on the expression of AnxA2 mRNA, flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal microscopy were used to detect the cell surface protein level after the samples were stimulated with different concentrations of thalidomide.

RESULTSAnxA2 mRNA level in RPMI8226 cells treated with thalidomide at 12.5 microg/ml, 25.0 microg/ml and 50.0 microg/ml was decreased compared with the control group (0.60+/-0.15, 0.33+/-0.14, 0.42+/-0.16, vs 1.07+/-0.16, respectively, P<0.05) and did so in HMEC-1 cells (0.21+/-0.20, 0.08+/-0.08, 0.17+/-0.16 vs 1.16+/-0.24, respectively, P<0.05). The AnxA2 protein level in RPMI8226 cells treated with above mentioned concentrations of thalidomide was also decreased compared with the control (3.39+/-0.32, 2.82+/-0.28, 3.21+/-0.23 vs 5.53+/-0.32, respectively, P<0.05) and that did so in HMEC-1 cells (0.72+/-0.11, 0.64+/-0.08, 0.67+/-0.08 vs 1.40+/-0.15, respectively, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThalidomide can inhibit the expression of AnxA2 mRNA and protein in RPMI8226 and HMEC-1 cells, which may be one of the mechanisms for the development of thrombosis induced by thalidomide in multiple myeloma patients.

Annexin A2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Thalidomide ; pharmacology