OBJECTIVETo study the biological effects of the paracrine from ADSC after being stimulated by insulin on vascular endothelial cells.

METHODS(1) ADSC was isolated from human adipose tissue and cultured in vitro. The third generation cells were collected and divided into insulin group (I, cultured with serum-free DMEM containing 1 x 10(-7) mol/L insulin) and control group (C, cultured with serum-free DMEM) according to the random number table, with 6 slots in each group. Three days later, ADSC culture medium (ADSC-CM) was collected for determination of levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by ELISA. (2) Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured to the third generation, and they were cultured with special nutrient solution and divided into ADSC-CM with insulin stimulation group (AI), ADSC-CM without insulin stimulation group (AC), insulin group (I, with same concentration as above), blank control group (BC) according to the random number table. Three days later, proliferation of HUVEC was determined with MTT method (with expression of absorbance value). Another two samples of HUVEC were respectively divided into 4 groups as above for determination of apoptosis rate with Annexin V/FITC double-staining 12 hours after culture, and HUVEC migration with scratch adhesion test at post scratch hour (PSH) 12, 24, 36, 48. Data were processed with t test.

RESULTS(1) Compared with those in C group [(287 +/- 47), (577 +/- 84) pg/mL, respectively], the secretion levels of VEGF and HGF in I group [(643 +/- 64), (930 +/- 68) pg/mL, respectively] were significantly increased (with t value respectively 18.869, 18.475, P values all below 0.05). (2) The absorbance value of HUVEC in AI and AC groups was 0.847 +/- 0.042, 0.798 +/- 0.022, respectively, which were higher than that in I and BC groups [0.665 +/- 0.028 (with t value respectively 4.579, 3.732), 0.674 +/- 0.031 (with t value respectively 3.761, 4.073), P values all below 0.01], and that in AI group was higher than that in AC group (t = 2.576, P < 0.05). The apoptosis rates of HUVEC in AI and AC groups [(5.8 +/- 1.9)%, (9.0 +/- 2.0)%, respectively] were obviously lower as compared with that in I and BC groups [(30.4 +/- 6.0)% (with t value respectively 12.891, 10.417), (31.4 +/- 7.4)% (with t value respectively 11.474, 9.783), P values all below 0.05 ], and that in AC group was higher than that in AI group (t = 8.548, P < 0.05). The distance of migration of HUVEC in AI and AC groups were greater than that in I and BC groups at PSH 36, 48, and that in AI group was greater as compared with that in AC group (with t value respectively 4.076, 4.573, P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSParacrine from ADSC after being stimulated by insulin can promote proliferation and migration of HUVEC, and suppress its apoptosis, and it is beneficial for tissue vascularization.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; secretion ; Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; secretion ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

This study was aimed to compare the proportion of endothelial cells (EC) in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC), and to investigate the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on proportion of EC in MSC. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD34(+)CD133(+) and vWF(+)CD31(+) double positive cells in MSC. Wright's staining was employed to observe the influence of VEGF on morphology of MSC. The expressions of CD34, CD133, CD31, vWF were detected by immunofluorescence. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the influence of VEGF on EC marker genes' expression of MSC. The results showed that there were a small amount of EC and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in obtained BM-MSC and UC-MSC. After exposed to VEGF 10 ng/ml for 24 h, aspect ratio of MSC and the proportion of EC increased, while proportion of EPC decreased. Expression of EC related marker genes such as Tie-2 and ecNOS up-regulated, especially in UC-MSC. It is concluded that small amount of EC and EPC exists in cultured BM-MSC and UC-MSC, VEGF can enhance the proportion and function of EC in MSC.
Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo screen and identify differentially expressed proteins of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) during endothelial differentiation.

METHODSMSCs were induced to endothelial differentiation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epithelial growth factor (EGF) mixture. The whole cell proteins were extracted and isolated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. After gel was analyzed by Imagemaster 5.0 software, differentially expressed proteins were partially selected and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS.

RESULTSThe differentiated MSC highly expressed endothelial cells related markers, CD31, CD34 and FVIIIAg were 56.8%, 38.8% and 14.5% respectively by flow cytometer. Compared with the primary cultured MSC, the differentiated cells differentially expressed 91 proteins. Among the 19 identified proteins, 11 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated, which include cytoskeletal proteins, such as myosin, filamin, vimentin and vinculin; cell metabolism enzymes, such as ORP-150, ERO1-α, Delta(3,5)-Delta(2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase, protein disulfide-isomerase A3, FAS and enolase 3; nuclear factors, such as TAR DNA binding protein, guanine nucleotide binding protein and hypoxia up-regulated protein 1; VEGF receptors, such as KDR and so on.

CONCLUSIONSCytoskeletal proteins, metabolism enzymes and KDR were all involved in endothelial differentiation of MSC. These proteins may be the regulatory targets for endothelial differentiation of MSC.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Proteome ; analysis ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The interactions between endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) contribute to vascular physiological functions and also cause the occurrence and development of different kinds of diseases. Currently, EC-SMC co-culture model is the best way to study the interactions between the two kinds of cells. This article summarizes existing EC-SMC co-culture models and their effects on the structure and functions of the two kinds of cells. Microscopically speaking, it provides a basis for in-depth studies on their interactions as well as a reference for the establishment of in vitro EC-SMC co-culture system that is closer to organic physiology or pathology state.
Animals ; Coculture Techniques ; methods ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; metabolism

AIMTo investigate the mechanism of the vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury caused by freezing/thawing.

METHODSThe frozen/thawed neutrophil (PMN) model was founded by freezing PMNs with a rate cooling instrument and then rewarming them in a water bath, the PMNs used here were separated from rat's peripheral blood using density gradients centrifugation techniques. The expression of LFA-1 on the surface of frozen/thawed PMNs was observed at 4 h,12 h and 24 h after freezing/thawing. After co-incubating untreated VECs with frozen/thawed PMNs, we detected the VEC injury and the changes in PMN-VEC adhesion.

RESULTS(1) The PMNs LFA-1 expression increased in a time-dependent manner within 24 h after the freezing/thawing of PMNs. (2) After co-incubating untreated VECs with frozen/thawed PMNs, the adhesion between frozen/thawed PMNs and VECs increased and VEC injury occurred. (3) Monoclonal antibody against LFA-1 could block the PMN-VEC adhesion and subsequently attenuated the VEC injury.

CONCLUSIONThe freezing/thawing of PMNs can elicited an increase in PMN LFA-1 expression and trigger the PMN-VEC adhesion and subsequently bring about the VEC injury.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Freezing ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

AIMTo investigate the role of ICAM-1 on the surface of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) in freezing/thawing injury of VEC, in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of freezing/thawing injury.

METHODSVEC separated and cultured from rat aorta and PMN separated from rat peripheral blood were selected as experiment materials. The frozen/thawed VEC model was founded by freezing VEC with the type WKL-V rate cooling instrument and then rewarming them in a water bath. ICAM-1 expression on the surface of frozen/thawed VEC was detected at 4, 12 and 24 h after freezing/thawing with immunohistochemical method. After coincubating frozen/thawed VEC with normal PMN, the adhesion of VEC to PMN was monitored with rose bengal staining assay and the injury level of VEC was indicated by measuring LDH activity in nutrient solution.

RESULTSThe ICAM-1 expression on the surface of VEC increased from 13.2% +/- 3.6% before freezing/thawing of VEC to 22.3% +/- 4.4% at 4 hour after freezing/thawing, and reached the peak (37.9% +/- 2.5%) at 12 hour after freezing/thawing of VEC. After coincubation of frozen/thawed VEC with normal PMN, the adherence of frozen/thawed VEC to PMN increased from group control 0.204 +/- 0.025 to 0.363 +/- 0.022 (P < 0.01), LDH activity in nutrient solution increased from group control 104.64 +/- 20.14 U/L to 162.33 +/- 27.88 U/L (P < 0.01), monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1 (ICAM-1 Mab) could partially block the adherence of frozen/thawed VEC to PMN (0.270 +/- 0.021, P < 0.01), and diminish LDH activity in nutrient solution (125.39 +/- 22.26 U/L, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe freezing/thawing of VEC can elicit an increase in ICAM-1 expression on the surface of VEC, and then proceed to VEC-PMN adherence and lead to VEC injury.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Freezing ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; Rats

Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Ouabain ; pharmacology ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Humans ; Integrins ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Organ Specificity ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Saphenous Vein ; cytology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and to investigate the pathway of damaging endothelial function by Pg.

METHODSPg ATCC33277 was cultured in anaerobic jar, and HUVEC was treated with various concentrations of Pg ATCC33277 at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000 for 4, 8, 12, 24 h respectively. The cells supernatants were collected and stored at -70 degrees C and NO concentration in the cells supernatants was measured by nitrate reductase assay.

RESULTSWithin 24 h, Pg at MOI of 1:10 and 1:100 stimulated the release of nitric oxide in cultured HUVEC. Within 12 h, Pg at an MOI of 1:1000 group increased NO production, and NO decreased at 24 h.

CONCLUSIONSPg has an effect on the production of NO. Low concentrations of Pg stimulated release of nitric oxide in endothelial cells but high concentrations can decrease the release of NO.

Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; isolation & purification ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

The aim of this study was to establish the method of isolating and culturing endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from human umbilical cord blood. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) from human umbilical cord blood were cultured by using culture system supplemented with endothelial cell-conditioned medium. The obtained two types of cells were purified by picking up colonies, identified by uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) and binding to lectin [Ulex European Agglatinin (UEA-1)], and were analyzed for the expression of markers by flow cytometry. The results showed that there were significant differences between two types of cells in proliferation, so they were referred as circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) and high proliferative potential endothelial progenitor cells (HPP-EPCs), respectively. They were in accordance with the standards of EPCs, could uptake DiI-Ac-LDL and bind to UEA-1, and expressed the markers of endothelial cells, such as CD31, CD144 and vWF detected by immunocytochemistry. The transcription of CD31, KDR, CD144 and ENOS in both of them could be detected by RT-PCR, but FACS analysis showed significant differences of surface marker expression between them. In conclusion, two types of EPCs are successfully obtained by culturing MNCs isolated from human umbilical cord blood using endothelial cell-conditioned medium.
Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Stem Cells ; cytology