The mechanism and principles of autofluorescence imaging based on autofluorescence technique are reported. The threshold value of fluorescence spectrum ratio applied can be quantitative and objective and the reliable measurement method that may provide intuitive method of autofluorescence imaging in the gut mucosa. The suspected lesion may be found rapidly according to the imaging color difference, therefore the results of clinical study of the digestive tract cancer diagnosis indicated that the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 94%, 95.5% and 94.8% respectively, and it has very high value in clinical application.
Digestive System Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; instrumentation ; methods ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; instrumentation ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Photofluorography ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Duodeno-colonic fistula is an enterocolonic fistula that occurs as a complication of Crohn's disease. Symptoms of duodeno-colonic fistula are similar to those of Crohn's disease, such as weight loss and diarrhea. The treatment of choice is surgery, although medical treatment may also be considered. However, surgery is recommended when all available medical therapies have been ineffective. In this case, we report a secondary duodeno-colonic fistula due to Crohn's disease that was temporarily managed by an endoscopic procedure with a detached endoloop and hemoclips as a bridging therapy to final surgical repair.
Adult ; Crohn Disease/complications/*diagnosis ; Endoscopy, Digestive System/instrumentation/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula/*diagnosis/etiology/surgery ; Preoperative Care ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: During sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), patients may not be able to perform inspiration, which is necessary to examine the esophagogastric junction. Therefore sedation may affect diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux-related findings. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of sedation on diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux-related findings during EGD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 28914 patients older than 20 years who underwent EGD at our institution between January 2011 and December 2011. Ultimately, 1546 patients indicated for EGD for health check-up and symptom evaluation were included. RESULTS: There were 18546 patients who had diagnostic EGD: 10471 patients (56%) by non-sedated EGD and 8075 patients (43%) by sedated EGD. After statistical adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, minimal change esophagitis, and hiatal hernia were significantly less frequently observed in the sedated EGD group [odds ratio (OR), 0.651; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.586 to 0.722 and OR, 0.699; 95% CI, 0.564 to 0.866]. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in other findings at the gastroesophageal junction, such as reflux esophagitis with Los Angeles classification A, B, C, and D or Barrett's esophagus, between the two groups. Similarly, there were no differences in early gastric cancer, advanced gastric cancer, and gastric ulcer occurrence. CONCLUSION: Sedation can impede the detection of minimal change esophagitis and hiatal hernia, but does not influence detection of reflux esophagitis of definite severity and Barrett's esophagus.
Adult ; Aged ; Barrett Esophagus ; Body Mass Index ; Endoscopy, Digestive System/instrumentation/*methods ; Esophagitis, Peptic/*diagnosis ; Esophagogastric Junction/*pathology ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/*diagnosis ; Hernia, Hiatal/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo observe the curative effects of biliary drainage via endoscope (ENBD) combined with Chinese drug medication on acute biliary tract infection (ABTI) and the influence of treatment on complement 3 (C3), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

METHODSSixteen patients with ABTI were randomly assigned to two groups: the 9 patients in the combined treatment group (CTG) treated with ENBD combined with Chinese medicine and the 7 patients in routine treatment group (RTG) treated with ENBD alone. Another 18 patients with simple gallbladder stone were taken as the control group (CG). The curative effect was observed and the serum concentrations of C3, CRP and IL-6 were determined before and after treatment.

RESULTSBefore treatment, the concentrations of CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher and C3 lower in all ABTI patients than those in patients with simple gallbladder stone (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). After treatment, the general condition of patients was improved, the recovery time of intestinal tract function was shortened and the concentrations of C3, CRP and IL-6 significantly decreased in CTG, with the effects better than those in RTG respectively (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONENBD combined with Chinese drug medication shows favorable curative effects on ABTI. Treatment with Chinese medicine according to syndrome differentiation could decrease blood level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote recovery of the injured immune function.

Adult ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Cholangitis ; blood ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Complement C3 ; metabolism ; Drainage ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy of over-the-scope clip (OTSC) in the treatment of gastrointestinal fistula.

METHODSClinical data of 12 gastrointestinal fistula patients, including 3 internal fistula and 9 external fistula treated with OTSC in our institute from March 2015 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. OTSC was performed when pus was drained thoroughly and intra-abdominal infection around gastrointestinal fistula was controlled, and each patient received one clip to close fistula.

RESULTSThere were 6 female and 6 male patients with mean age of (50.1±12.6) years. The successful rate of endoscopic closure was 100% without complications including bleeding and intestinal obstruction during and after OTSC treatment. According to comprehensive evaluation, including drainage without digestive juices, no recurrence of intra-abdominal infection, no overflow of contrast medium during digestive tract radiography, and CT examination without intra-abdominal abscess, clinical gastrointestinal fistula closure was 91.7%(11/12). There was no recurrence of gastrointestinal fistula during 3 months of follow-up in 11 patients. In the remaining 1 case, the gastric fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy recurred one week after OTSC treatment because of intra-abdominal infection surrounding fistula, and was cured by surgery finally.

CONCLUSIONThe endoscopic closure treatment of OTSC for gastrointestinal fistula is successful and effective, and control of intra-abdominal infection around fistula with adequate drainage is the key point.

Adult ; Digestive System Fistula ; complications ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Drainage ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intraabdominal Infections ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Suppuration ; therapy ; Surgical Fixation Devices

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Techniques for endoscopic evaluation of gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions include conventional endoscopy, jumbo biopsy, endoscopic ultrasonogrphy (EUS), EUS-guided fine needle aspiration, and endoscopic submucosal resection. However, these procedures have many limitations, such as low diagnostic yields and high complication rates. We therefore evaluated the diagnostic yield for tissue sampling of incidental subepithelial lesions using the bite-on-bite technique. METHODS: One hundred and forty subepithelial lesions were found in 129 patients during conventional diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy by one examiner from October 2003 to November 2004. Bite-on-bite biopsies with conventional-sized forceps were taken from 36 patients having 37 lesions that did not appear to be hypervascular or to have a thick overlying epithelium. Two to eight bites were performed to obtain submucosal tissue for one lesion. RESULTS: The bite-on-bite technique was diagnostic in 14 of the 37 lesions (38%). Blood oozing for more than 30 seconds occurred in five cases, but was easily controlled by epinephrine injection (2 cases) or hemoclip (3 cases). The diagnostic yield tended to be higher in the esophagus than in the stomach and duodenum (54% vs. 28%, p=0.109). CONCLUSIONS: The bite-on-bite technique for subepithelial lesions is an effective and safe method in selected cases. This technique may be useful for incidental subepithelial lesions, especially those of the esophagus, except for ones with a high risk of bleeding or thick overlying epithelium.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy/adverse effects/instrumentation/*methods ; Duodenum/*pathology ; *Endoscopy, Digestive System/adverse effects ; Esophagus/*pathology ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology ; Hemorrhage/etiology/prevention & control ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Humans ; *Incidental Findings ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach/*pathology ; Surgical Instruments

Endoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications of gastric cancer. Endoscopic intervention can avoid the second operation and has attracted wide attention. Early gastric anastomotic bleeding after gastrectomy is the most common. With the development of technology, emergency endoscopy and endoscopic hemostasis provide a new treatment approach. According to the specific circumstances, endoscopists can choose metal clamp to stop bleeding, electrocoagulation hemostasis, local injection of epinephrine or sclerotherapy agents, and spraying specific hemostatic agents. Anastomotic fistula is a serious postoperative complication. In addition to endoscopically placing the small intestine nutrition tube for early enteral nutrition support treatment, endoscopic treatment, including stent, metal clip, OTSC, and Over-stitch suture system, can be chosen to close fistula. For anastomotic obstruction or stricture, endoscopic balloon or probe expansion and stent placement can be chosen. For esophageal anastomotic intractable obstruction after gastroesophageal surgery, radial incision of obstruction by the hook knife or IT knife, a new method named ERI, is a good choice. Bile leakage caused by bile duct injury can be treated by placing the stent or nasal bile duct. In addition, endoscopic methods are widely used as follows: abdominal abscess can be treated by the direct intervention under endoscopy; adhesive ileus can be treated by placing the catheter under the guidance of endoscopy to attract pressure; alkaline reflux gastritis can be rapidly diagnosed by endoscopy; gastric outlet obstruction mainly caused by cancer recurrence can be relieved by metal stent placement and the combination of endoscopy and X-ray can increase success rate; pyloric dysfunction and spasm caused by the vagus nerve injury during proximal gastrectomy can be treated by endoscopic pyloromyotomy, a new method named G-POEM, and the short-term outcomes are significant. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows complete resection of residual gastric precancerous lesions, however it should be performed by the experienced endoscopists.
Anastomosis, Surgical ; adverse effects ; Bile Ducts ; injuries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; etiology ; therapy ; Digestive System Fistula ; etiology ; therapy ; Duodenogastric Reflux ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; methods ; Enteral Nutrition ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; adverse effects ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; surgery ; Gastritis ; diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; etiology ; therapy ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; methods ; Hemostatics ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Precancerous Conditions ; surgery ; Pylorus ; innervation ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Stents ; Stomach Neoplasms ; complications ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Vagus Nerve Injuries ; etiology ; surgery