No abstract available.
Endoscopes*

No abstract available.
Endoscopes

No abstract available.
Endoscopes* ; Korea

Electronic endoscope is one of the crucial tools for minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment. Along with the continuous development of clinical applications, conventional electronic endoscope has not been able to meet all the clinical requirements. In recent years, with the rapid development of the material, sensor and electronic technologies, electronic endoscope has attracted many researchers and companies' attention. Nowadays, because of being suitable for some special mobile medical scenes like field operations, natural calamities and hospital first aids, various portable electronic endoscopes have been developed and applied in clinic. The present study aims to give a review on portable electronic endoscopes development and clinical applications.
Electronics ; Endoscopes

With the accumulation of clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has emerged as a less invasive treatment option for esophageal achalasia compared with laparoscopic Heller myotomy. However, the difficulty in determining the exact extent of myotomy, a critical factor associated with the success and safety of the procedure, remains a limitation. Although the various endoscopic landmarks and ancillary techniques have been applied, none of these has been proven sufficient. As a solution for this limitation, the double-scope POEM technique with a second endoscope to assure the exact length of the submucosal tunnel has been applied since 2014. Before double-scope POEM was introduced, the second endoscope was applied only to confirm the accuracy of the procedure. In the present study, we performed double-scope POEM in the treatment of esophageal achalasia through a novel procedure of simultaneous application of the second endoscope to assist in the conventional POEM procedure.
Endoscopes ; Esophageal Achalasia*

From November 1997 to March 1998, 30 patients with ruptured oesophageal varices-caused gastrointestinal hemorrhage underwent the endoscopic variceal ligation by rubber ring. Age of patients ranged from 20 to 78 years. Male to female ratio is 2 to 1. Endoscopic imaging showed grade III of oesophageal varices in 29 patients, spread or spurt bleeding in 21 patients, point bleeding in 9 patients. Emergency hemostatic was performed successfully in 90.47% of the patients. 65.5% of the patients have complete elimination of oesophageal varices within 30 days and by 3 months after procedure, this rate risen to 82.75%. Adverse events and complications of oesophageal variceal ligation were temporary and resolved within some days. The common events were involved in oesopharyngeal region, such as sore throat, bleeding and oesophageal ulcer after the ligation.
Endoscopes ; Varicose Veins ; Ligation

Several issues concerning endoscope reprocessing remain unresolved based on currently available data. Thus, further studies are required to confirm standard practices including safe endoscope shelf life, proper frequency of replacement of some accessories including water bottles and connecting tubes, and microbiological surveillance testing of endoscopes after reprocessing. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of newer technology that allows automated cleaning and disinfection is one such controversial issue. In addition, there are no guidelines on whether delayed reprocessing and extended soaking may harm endoscope integrity or increase the bioburden on the external or internal device surfaces. In this review, we discuss the unresolved and controversial issues regarding endoscope reprocessing.
Disinfection ; Endoscopes* ; Endoscopy ; Water

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peroral cholangioscopy is a rapidly evolving technique that allows direct examination of the bile duct. We sought to determine if there was a difference in image quality with the cholangioscope immersed in normal saline compared with radiologic contrast or a mixture of contrast and normal saline. METHODS: Images were captured using the SpyGlass(R) cholangioscope system (Boston Scientific Corp.) immersed in solutions ranging from 0 to 100% contrast. The images were then reviewed in a blinded fashion by a panel of 9 endoscopists with experience using the SpyGlass(R) system. The reviewers scored the quality of each image based on a scale of 0 (extremely poor) to 10 (excellent). RESULTS: With the cholangioscope immersed in saline and 100% contrast, the mean image quality scores were 7.6 (95% confi dence interval [CI], 6.7-8.5) and 6.9 (95% CI, 5.8-8.0), respectively. The highest mean image quality score was 7.8 (95% CI, 6.7-8.9), obtained in 70% contrast. No signifi cant difference was noted in mean image quality scores using a one way analysis of variance technique (p=0.414). CONCLUSIONS: Although there are limitations to ex vivo studies, we encourage endoscopists to use intraductal contrast prior to peroral cholangioscopy, if needed for lesion localization.
Bile Ducts ; Endoscopes

Based on the newly-developed engineering technologies, many kinds of useful equipment have been available for minimally invasive surgery. Recently the time to connect clinical needs and advanced technologies has become faster. In this article, we have summarized the recent technologies for endoscopic surgeries. Shadow optic technologies for better geometric perception using dual illumination in a conventional 2-D monitor and "Overview optics" for a panoramic view with an additional visual system are introduced. Micromachine technology is very close to practical implementation for minimally invasive surgeries. Virtual Biopsy is the one of the hottest topics for the next generation of endoscopy. Stereoscopic and volumetric vision systems are still on the way, which should overcome the irritating goggles and stereo display devices. As well as operational theater that integrates all the required equipment with a computer-based system, including voice recognition, still requires the standard protocols to connect many kinds of devices from different manufacturers.
Biopsy ; Endoscopes* ; Human

A optical endoscope has disadvantages; giving pain and not applying to a postoperative patient. If it substitutes for a virtual endoscope, noninvasive observation can be gained. This paper describes a developed viewer, using Visual C++ 6.0 and Openlnventor2.5.2 (object-oriented 3D toolkit) library, for the manipulation of 3D anatomy object model. It is named Anatomy Viewer. The viewer is implemented under the PC environment. It can rotate, zoom in and out, and fly through anatomy models on 3D space and translate into a interested area, and then save as a TGA image file like a real endoscope. Also, as it is improved in the network, we exchange data and discuss with someone who is in the other place. This viewer is very useful to understand the anatomy structure, to diagnose, and to make a surgical plan in preoperative step. We verified its usefulness by observing a 3D bronchus model that is reconstructed with CT image slices.
Bronchi ; Diptera ; Endoscopes* ; Humans