Cytokines ; immunology ; Embolism ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometriosis ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans

Adenomyosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; CA-125 Antigen ; metabolism ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged

Actins ; metabolism ; Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endometriosis ; pathology ; Epithelium ; pathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; pathology ; Hamartoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; pathology ; Stomach Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology

In order to investigate the mechanism of elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in peritoneal fluids from patients with endometriosis, macrophages were recovered from peritoneal fluids obtained at the time of diagnostic laparoscopy from infertile women with endometriosis (EMT group, n=20) and without endometriosis (control group, n=20). Macrophages were cultured in vitro. The VEGF levels of peritoneal fluid and the supernatant of macrophages culture were determined by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). Meanwhile, the eutopic (n=20) and ectopic endometrium (n=20) from endometriosis patients, and normal edometrium (n=20) from non-endometriosis patients were obtained for the analysis of VEGF expression by labeled Streptavidin Biotin (LSAB). It was found that VEGF levels in peritoneal fluid and macrophages culture supernatant were significantly higher in EMT group than in control group (P<0.01). In normal endometrium, VEGF showed a cyclic changes and similar in eutopic and ectopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis. There was no difference in the intensity of VEGF in endometrium between two groups within each menstrual phase. It is suggested that altered VEGF production by peritoneal macrophages and ectopic endometrium secretion may contribute to the elevated VEGF levels in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis.
Ascitic Fluid/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Endometriosis/*metabolism ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*biosynthesis

Endometriosis (EMs) is a common gynecologic disease that affects women's physical and mental health seriously. The pathogenesis is still unknown and the mechanism of endometriosis-associated pain remains unclear. Mast cells (MC) are known to be multifunctional players in the immune system. Recent studies have shown that nerve fibers in EMs lesions can release neural peptides such as nerve growth factor and substance P to induce MC degranulating and releasing histamine, proteases, cytokines, chemokines etc., which contributes to the development of pain and hyperalgesia in patients with endometriosis.
Endometriosis ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Mast Cells ; metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Pelvic Pain ; etiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of the anti-oncogene ARHI in the endometriotic tissue and explore its clinical significance.

METHODSA semiquantitative analysis of the expression of ARHI mRNA and protein in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis was conducted using RT-PCR and Western blotting in comparison with that in the endometrium of women without endometriosis. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed for semi qualitative analysis and localization of ARHI expression.

RESULTSThe expression levels of ARHI mRNA and protein differed significantly between the groups. ARHI was expressed at significantly higher levels in ectopic endometrium than in eutopic and normal endometrium (P<0.005), but showed no significant difference between the latter two tissues (Pgt;0.05). The positivity rate ARHI DNA was 97.3% in the endometrium of women without endometriosis, 100% in the ectopic endometrium and 93.8% in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. immunohistochemistry showed an ARHI positivity of 93.2% in the endometrium of women without endometriosis, 100% in the ectopic endometrium and 92.3% in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. The expression patterns of ARHI DNA and protein were consistent. Immunohistochemistry in 5 cases of malignant endometriosis showed negative ARHI expression in 4 cases and weak positivity in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONARHI expressions are present in the endometrium and up-regulated in ectopic endometrium, whereas in the ectopic endometrium of patients with malignant endometriosis its expression is often negative, suggesting a role of ARHI in infertility and tumorigenesis of endometriosis.

Adult ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins ; metabolism

Endometriosis is a common disease of reproductive age women and infertility is one of its clinical manifestations. Infertility of patients with severe endometriosis may be attributed to the anatomy alteration of pelvis.However, the infertility of patients with minimal to mild endometriosis whose pelvic anatomy remains intact is still hard to explain. It is considered that the infertility of patients with ninimal to mild endometriosis is associated with the alteration of the pelvic microenvironment. Several kinds of cytokines and proteins are involved in this process. They may disturb steps necessary to achieve successful pregnancy, such as ovulation,gamete transport, fertilization, embryo transport and implantation. Any disturbance to one of the steps mentioned above may lead to pregnant loss.
Cytokines ; metabolism ; Endometriosis ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; etiology ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of fragile histidine triad in endometriosis and investigate the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

METHODSimmunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of Fhit in the eutopic and ectopic endometria of 58 patients with endometriosis and in the endometria in 15 patients with hysteromyoma.

RESULTSThe intensity of Fhit expression decreased in the order of normal endometrium, eutopic endometrium in endometriosis group, and ectopic endometrium. In patients with endometriosis, Fhit expression in the eutopic and ectopic endometria in proliferative phase showed no significant difference from that in secretory phase (P>0.05). Fhit expression in the ectopic endometrium showed significant difference between different r-AFS stages. MOD of ectopic endometrium in stages I-II was significantly higher than that in stages III-IV (P<0.05), but Fhit expression in the eutopic endometrium showed no significant difference (P>0.05). MOD of ovarian endometriosis showed no difference with that of adenomyosis.

CONCLUSIONSFhit may play an important role in the development of endometriosis.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Adult ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism

Equine endometriosis is a multifactorial disease considered to be a major cause of equine infertility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of histomorphological grading for biopsy-like samples compared to entire uterine wall samples, to examine the association between the degree of endometriosis with animal age, and to investigate the role of inflammation in endometriosis and the expression of different matrix metalloproteinases in equine endometrium. Histomorphological lesions in 35 uterine samples were examined while comparing biopsy-like samples and entire-wall samples. Seventeen uterine samples were stained with antibodies against MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, and TIMP-2. The morphologic evaluation results of the biopsy-like tissue and entire-wall samples were significantly correlated. Endometriosis in older mares (>12 years of age) was more severe than in young mares (2~4 years of age), confirming the positive correlation between animal age and disease severity, while inflammation was poorly related to the degree of endometriosis. MMP-2 and MMP-14 were detected in stromal cells, while MMP-9 and TIMP-2 were both found in stromal and glandular epithelial cells. There were no significant differences in MMPs expression between the two groups (young vs. old mares). Additional studies on the activity of MMPs could further define the role of these enzymes in equine endometriosis.
Animals ; Endometriosis/metabolism/pathology/*veterinary ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/*physiology ; Horse Diseases/metabolism/*pathology ; Horses ; Immunohistochemistry/veterinary ; Inflammation/pathology/*veterinary ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Uterus/metabolism/pathology

Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Cystadenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Cystitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometriosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intestines ; pathology ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Male ; Metaplasia ; pathology ; Racemases and Epimerases ; metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Uterine Diseases ; immunology ; pathology