End Stage Liver Disease ; complications ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; etiology ; therapy

End-stage liver disease (ESLD) is a life threaten clinical syndrome with significantly increasing mortality when patients complicated with infections. For patients with ESLD, infections can induce or aggravate the occurrence of liver decompensation. In turn, infections are among the most common complications under, disease progression. There is lacking of working procedures for early diagnosis and appropriate management for patients of ESLD complicated with infections, neither guidelines nor consensus at home and abroad. This consensus assembled up-to-date knowledge and experience across Chinese colleagues, providing principles as well as working procedures for clinicians to diagnose and treat an ESLD patient complicated with infections.
Bacterial Infections/complications* ; Coinfection ; Consensus ; Disease Progression ; End Stage Liver Disease/therapy* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; End Stage Liver Disease ; therapy ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology

Dipeptides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; End Stage Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Male

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an inherited disorder of the heme metabolic pathway that is characterized by accumulation of protoporphyrin in the blood, erythrocytes, and tissues, and cutaneous manifestations of photosensitivity, all resulting from abnormalities in ferrochelatase (FECH) activity due to mutations in the FECH gene. Protoporphyrin is excreted by the liver, and excess protoporphyrin leads to cholelithiasis with obstructive episodes and chronic liver disease, finally progressing to liver cirrhosis. Patients with end-stage EPP-associated liver disease require liver transplantation. We describe here a 31-year-old male patient with EPP who experienced acute-on-chronic liver failure and underwent deceased-donor liver transplantation. Surgical and postoperative care included specific shielding from exposure to ultraviolet radiation to prevent photosensitivity-associated adverse effects. The patient recovered uneventfully and was doing well 24 months after transplantation. Future prevention and treatment of liver disease are discussed in detail.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; End Stage Liver Disease/etiology/pathology/*therapy ; Ferrochelatase/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis ; *Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Mutation ; Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic/complications/*diagnosis/pathology

In cases of acute liver failure or acute or chronic liver failure, extracorporeal albumin dialysis utilizing a Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System has been used to treat liver failure and to reduce serum total bilirubin concentrations as a bridge therapy until either liver transplantation or spontaneous recovery. However, the procedure is expensive and is not easily administered in clinical practice. Recently, single pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) using continuous renal replacement therapy was introduced, but information is scarce regarding its efficacy in controlling serum bilirubin. The authors report a case of acute hepatitis A, in which SPAD was performed to correct severe hyperbilirubinemia.
Bilirubin ; Dialysis ; End Stage Liver Disease ; Formaldehyde ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Liver Failure ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Liver Transplantation ; Polymers ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Resorcinols

PURPOSE: Cell therapy for various diseases has gained wide acceptance. Because most patients with chronic liver failure have mild-to-severe liver cirrhosis, there are many limitations to clinical applications. We analyzed how to increase cell engraftment in rats with liver fibrosis. METHODS: We used analbuminemic SD rats (NARs) as recipients of syngeneic CAG-EGFP SD hepatocytes obtained by the 2 perfusion method. Hepatic fibrosis was induced with thioacetamide in drinking water for 6 weeks in the recipient NARs. NARs were pre-treated with gadolinium, doxorubicin, and gliotoxin before hepatocyte transplantation. We evaluated the degree of cell engraftment by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining for GFP and albumin. The transplanted cells were detected by immunostaining for albumin, and serum albumin was also measured. RESULTS: Although detection of GFP by RT-PCR was variable, albumin was detected in all groups 4 wks after hepatocyte transplantation. GFP and albumin were also detected by immunofluorescent staining 1 and 4 wks after cell transplantation. In control rats, albumin production was maximal at 3 wks, and after that it rapidly decreased. In the gadolinium and doxorubicin-treated group, albumin production was increased up to 4 wks. Albumin production in the gadolinium-treated group was superior to that of the doxorubicin-treated group. CONCLUSION: Kupffer cells play the most important role in cell engraftment in hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, perturbation of kupffer cells in hepatic fibrosis is needed to increase cell engraftment.
Animals ; Cell Transplantation ; Doxorubicin ; Drinking Water ; End Stage Liver Disease ; Fibrosis ; Gadolinium ; Gliotoxin ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Kupffer Cells ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Serum Albumin ; Thioacetamide ; Tissue Therapy ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Cell therapy for various diseases has gained wide acceptance. Because most patients with chronic liver failure have mild-to-severe liver cirrhosis, there are many limitations to clinical applications. We analyzed how to increase cell engraftment in rats with liver fibrosis. METHODS: We used analbuminemic SD rats (NARs) as recipients of syngeneic CAG-EGFP SD hepatocytes obtained by the 2 perfusion method. Hepatic fibrosis was induced with thioacetamide in drinking water for 6 weeks in the recipient NARs. NARs were pre-treated with gadolinium, doxorubicin, and gliotoxin before hepatocyte transplantation. We evaluated the degree of cell engraftment by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining for GFP and albumin. The transplanted cells were detected by immunostaining for albumin, and serum albumin was also measured. RESULTS: Although detection of GFP by RT-PCR was variable, albumin was detected in all groups 4 wks after hepatocyte transplantation. GFP and albumin were also detected by immunofluorescent staining 1 and 4 wks after cell transplantation. In control rats, albumin production was maximal at 3 wks, and after that it rapidly decreased. In the gadolinium and doxorubicin-treated group, albumin production was increased up to 4 wks. Albumin production in the gadolinium-treated group was superior to that of the doxorubicin-treated group. CONCLUSION: Kupffer cells play the most important role in cell engraftment in hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, perturbation of kupffer cells in hepatic fibrosis is needed to increase cell engraftment.
Animals ; Cell Transplantation ; Doxorubicin ; Drinking Water ; End Stage Liver Disease ; Fibrosis ; Gadolinium ; Gliotoxin ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Kupffer Cells ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Serum Albumin ; Thioacetamide ; Tissue Therapy ; Transplants

Adult ; End Stage Liver Disease ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver, Artificial ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Prognosis

Pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is an effective strategy of treating various acute or chronic end-stage liver diseases and inherited metabolic diseases in children.PLT has been applied in many transplant centers nationwide and has achieved satisfactory results.However,the development of transplant centers is uneven,and there is a lack of consensus and standards within the industry.In order to reduce post-operative complications,accelerate post-operative recovery,and improve the short-and long-term quality of life of children,the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association organized multidisciplinary experts to summarize the progress of domestic and international research,and formulated a perioperative consensus on PLT based on the principles of evidence-based medicine.The consensus provides recommendations for perioperative PLT from three aspects:preoperative assessment and preparation,intraoperative management and postoperative management,in order to provide reference guidelines for centers that are conducting or preparing to conduct PLT.
Child ; Consensus ; End Stage Liver Disease/therapy* ; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery/standards* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation/standards* ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors/therapy* ; Perioperative Care/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic