1.Zoonotic encephalitides caused by arboviruses: transmission and epidemiology of alphaviruses and flaviviruses.
Yun Young GO ; Udeni B R BALASURIYA ; Chong Kyo LEE
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2014;3(1):58-77
In this review, we mainly focus on zoonotic encephalitides caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the families Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus) and Togaviridae (genus Alphavirus) that are important in both humans and domestic animals. Specifically, we will focus on alphaviruses (Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) and flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus). Most of these viruses were originally found in tropical regions such as Africa and South America or in some regions in Asia. However, they have dispersed widely and currently cause diseases around the world. Global warming, increasing urbanization and population size in tropical regions, faster transportation and rapid spread of arthropod vectors contribute in continuous spreading of arboviruses into new geographic areas causing reemerging or resurging diseases. Most of the reemerging arboviruses also have emerged as zoonotic disease agents and created major public health issues and disease epidemics.
Africa
;
Alphavirus*
;
Animals, Domestic
;
Arboviruses*
;
Arthropod Vectors
;
Asia
;
Encephalitis
;
Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine
;
Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine
;
Encephalitis Viruses
;
Encephalomyelitis, Equine
;
Epidemiology*
;
Flaviviridae
;
Flavivirus*
;
Global Warming
;
Humans
;
Population Density
;
Public Health
;
South America
;
Togaviridae
;
Transportation
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Urbanization
;
Zoonoses
2.Establishment of a One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Method for the Detection of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus.
Shasha QIAN ; Biao HE ; Zhongzhong TU ; Huancheng GUO ; Changchun TU
Chinese Journal of Virology 2015;31(2):107-113
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) complex. This disease has not yet been reported in China, and it is therefore essential to establish a rapid and accurate method for detection of the virus in order to prevent and control this disease. In this study, a one-step real-time quantitative RT-PCR method was developed for the detection of the VEEV complex. A pair of specific primers and a Taqman probe were designed corresponding to a conserved region of the VEEV gene nspl, allowing the detection of all known strains of different sub- types of the virus. Using RNA synthesized by in vitro transcription as template, the sensitivity of this method was measured at 3.27 x 10(2) copies/microL. No signal was generated in response to RNA from Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), nor to RNA encoding the nsp1 fragment of Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EE-EV) or Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), all of which belong to the same genus as VEEV. This indicates that the method has excellent specificity. These results show that this one-step real-time quantitative RT-PCR method may provide an effective tool for the detection of VEEV in China.
China
;
DNA Primers
;
genetics
;
Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine
;
classification
;
genetics
;
isolation & purification
;
Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine
;
virology
;
Humans
;
RNA, Viral
;
genetics
;
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
methods
3.Recent vaccine technology in industrial animals.
Hyunil KIM ; Yoo Kyoung LEE ; Sang Chul KANG ; Beom Ku HAN ; Ki Myung CHOI
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2016;5(1):12-18
Various new technologies have been applied for developing vaccines against various animal diseases. Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine technology was used for manufacturing the porcine circovirus type 2 and RNA particle vaccines based on an alphavirus vector for porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Although VLP is classified as a killed-virus vaccine, because its structure is similar to the original virus, it can induce long-term and cell-mediated immunity. The RNA particle vaccine used a Venezuela equine encephalitis (VEE) virus gene as a vector. The VEE virus partial gene can be substituted with the PED virus spike gene. Recombinant vaccines can be produced by substitution of the target gene in the VEE vector. Both of these new vaccine technologies made it possible to control the infectious disease efficiently in a relatively short time.
Alphavirus
;
Animal Diseases
;
Animals*
;
Circovirus
;
Communicable Diseases
;
Diarrhea
;
Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine
;
Encephalomyelitis, Equine
;
Immunity, Cellular
;
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
;
RNA
;
Vaccines
;
Vaccines, Synthetic
;
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle
;
Venezuela
4.Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Following Pneumococcal Vaccination.
Hyun Seung GWAK ; Seong Ho KOH ; Kyu Yong LEE
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 2016;34(3):256-258
No abstract available.
Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated*
;
Vaccination*
5.Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
So Young KIM ; Jong Woo BAE ; Byung Churl LEE
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1992;35(5):671-677
No abstract available.
Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated*
6.Successful Treatment of Glycine-Receptor-Antibody-Mediated Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus by Combining Steroids and Azathioprine
Eung Joon LEE ; Kitae KIM ; Jeong Yoon CHOI ; Kyung Seok PARK
Journal of Clinical Neurology 2019;15(4):581-582
No abstract available.
Azathioprine
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Encephalomyelitis
;
Myoclonus
;
Steroids
8.A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Soo Jong HONG ; Hyung Nam MOON
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1992;35(7):1019-1025
No abstract available.
Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated*
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
9.A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Dong Kuck LEE ; Jin Kuk DO ; Kyu Ho KWAK ; Hee Jong OH ; Nak Kwan SUNG
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 1997;15(1):222-227
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM) is an uncommon acute inflammatory disease of the CNS which follows viral infections or Vaccination. ADEM is thought to be an immune mediated disease. The classic featues of ADEM include an antecedent event, commonly a viral illness, followed after a latent period by acute onset of multifocal or diffuse CNS signs, the potential for extensive or even complete recovery, and pathologic evidence of perivascular inflammation and demyelination. We experienced a 43-year-old patient with ADEM and reviewed literatures.
Adult
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Demyelinating Diseases
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Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated*
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Humans
;
Inflammation
;
Vaccination
10.Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Caused by Scrub Typhus.
Heejeong JEONG ; Heeyoung KANG ; Byeonggeun KWAK ; Youngsu KIM ; Seungnam SON ; Sookyung KIM ; Ki Jong PARK ; Nack Cheon CHOI ; Oh Young KWON ; Byeong Hoon LIM
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 2011;29(4):385-387
No abstract available.
Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated
;
Meningoencephalitis
;
Orientia tsutsugamushi
;
Scrub Typhus