Dysarthria ; etiology ; Encephalitis, Viral ; complications ; Facial Paralysis ; etiology ; Humans ; Syndrome

We report a three-year-old Korean boy who presented with itching symmetrical erythematous macules and papules on his face, trunk, and extremities for 1 week. Lymphadenopathies were detected on physical examination. He was vaccinated against Japanese B Encephalitis (JE) 1 day before developing skin rashes. The patient's serum JE antibody titer by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) test was 1:40. Under the diagnosis of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome following JE vaccination, he was conservatively treated with an antihistamine agent, and his symptoms were all cleared 2 weeks after treatment.
Acrodermatitis/*etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis, Japanese/*prevention & control ; Human ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines/*adverse effects ; Male

Child ; Encephalitis, Viral ; pathology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; complications ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; Humans ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; etiology

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Limbic Encephalitis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration ; diagnosis ; etiology

Encephalitis ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Hashimoto Disease ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans

Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Dyskinesias ; etiology ; Encephalitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; etiology

Animals ; Brain Abscess ; etiology ; Encephalitis ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; etiology ; Multiple Sclerosis ; etiology ; Nervous System Diseases ; etiology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; chemistry ; physiology

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a type of newly recognized autoimmune encephalitis which is commonly seen in children, but its precise etiology is still uncertain. To reveal the etiology of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is very necessary for understanding its pathology, and for starting immune-related therapy as early as possible to improve its prognosis. In the initial literature, tumor, especially teratoma is more related with the anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In recent research, its etiology is related to infection and heredity. This article reviews the recognition and variation of the etiology of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis ; etiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Infection ; complications

BACKGROUNDPatterns observed with electroencephalography (EEG) for patients who have encephalitis are usually known as generalized nonspecific cerebral abnormalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of a special EEG pattern for patients with encephalitis and to explore features related to this special and uncommon pattern.

METHODSEEG monitoring was performed for every patient aged >15 years with encephalitis who was hospitalized between December 2011 and March 2014. Clinical characteristics and EEG recordings were collected and evaluated.

RESULTSFifty-two patients with encephalitis were enrolled in our study with a 2-h median EEG recording time, and extreme beta brushes (EBBs) occurred in 17 patients (32.7%). Its presence was not significant regarding gender, age, psychiatric medication use, EEG rhythmic disorganization (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, among the patients with EBBs, nine patients (52.9%) had epileptic seizures that had a significant detection rate (P < 0.05); moreover, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum of 15 patients (88.2%) with EBBs was positive for antibodies (P < 0.05). Four patients (23.5%) who had EBB had corresponding regional distributions on neuroimaging scans. The EBBs completely correlated with the regional distributions of spike discharges for four patients.

CONCLUSIONEBB is a special EEG pattern for patients with encephalitis, especially those with epileptic seizures or who have antibody-positive CSF/serum, and should be considered in clinical practice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Encephalitis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Cerebral Ventriculitis/drug therapy* ; Encephalitis/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Pneumonia/etiology*