Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enalapril ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Ventricular Remodeling

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Caspase 3 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Enalapril ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

A 5 year-old spayed female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was presented after a 3- to 5-day onset of severe respiratory distress. The dog also had a history of several episodes of syncope prior to presentation. A comprehensive diagnostic investigation revealed a midsystolic click sound on cardiac auscultation, signs of left sided cardiac enlargement in ECG and thoracic radiography, mitral valvular leaflet protrusion into left the atrium, decreased E-point-to septal separation (EPSS) and mitral regurgitated flow in echocardiography, all of which are characteristic signs of mitral valvular prolapse. After intensive care with antidiuretics and a vasodilator with oxygen supplement, the condition of the dog was stabilized. The dog was then released and is being medicated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with regular follow-up.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Diuretics/therapeutic use ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Dogs ; Enalapril/therapeutic use ; Female ; Furosemide/therapeutic use ; Mitral Valve Prolapse/diagnosis/drug therapy/*veterinary

OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril and diuretic indapamide on the peripheral blood pressure and the central blood pressure in Chinese patients with essential hypertension.

METHODSThis study was a double blind, randomized study. Informed consent were given by all patients. After 2 weeks of placebo run-in period, 105 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension were randomized to receive either enalapril (10 mg per day) or indapamide (2.5 mg per day) for 8 weeks. Radial pulse wave recordings were performed in all the patients before the active treatments were given and at the end of the study. Only those patients who have finished 8 weeks of active treatment in both groups were included into the final analysis.

RESULTSOne hundred one patients (51 in enalapril group and 50 in indapamide group) completed the study. No significant difference (all P values > 0.05) was found in baseline data between the two groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, all the parameters of pulse wave (except heart rates in both groups and augmentation index in indapamide group) decreased significantly. Comparison of the 2 groups showed that there were no significant differences (all P values > 0.05) in all the parameters of pulse wave except that the central systolic blood pressure, augmentation and augmentation index were significantly lower in enalapril group than in indapamide group. In enalapril group, the reduced values of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in central aorta were significantly larger than those in brachial artery. However, the difference was not observed in indapamide group.

CONCLUSIONSEnalapril and indapamide are both similarly effective in reducing peripheral arterial blood pressure. Moreover, enalapril is more effective in reducing central systolic pressure and augmentation index than indapamide. The difference is probably due to the reduction of wave reflection caused by enalapril.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Double-Blind Method ; Enalapril ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Indapamide ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged

Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Bisoprolol ; therapeutic use ; Cardiomyopathies ; chemically induced ; etiology ; Cardiotonic Agents ; adverse effects ; Chest Pain ; diagnostic imaging ; Dobutamine ; adverse effects ; Echocardiography, Stress ; adverse effects ; Enalapril ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Simvastatin ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVEDisturbances of the synthesis and breakdown of the extracellular matrix of arterial walls have emerged as key features of the atherosclerotic process. We observed the changes of circulating procollagen marker for type III collagen turnover rate, the N-terminal propeptide P III NP and vascular resistance in hypertensive patients treated with various antihypertensive regimens.

METHODA total of 130 light to moderate hypertensive patients were randomly assigned to receive enalapril (group B, n = 43), enalapril + spirolactone (20 mg/d, group A, n = 44) and anti-hypertensive drugs not directly affecting RAAS (calcium antagonist, beta-blocker, group C, n = 43) for 1 year. Target blood pressure is < 130/80 mm Hg.

RESULTSTarget blood pressure was reached in all treated patients and was similar among various groups. Under the same blood pressure controlling precondition, serum P III NP were similar at baseline among various groups and remained unchanged in group B [(3.4 +/- 0.3) microg/L vs. (3.7 +/- 0.3) microg/L, P > 0.05] and significantly decreased in group A [(2.3 +/- 0.2) microg/L vs. (3.8 +/- 0.2) microg/L, P < 0.05] while significantly increased in group C [(3.9 +/- 2.0) microg/L vs. (3.2 +/- 1.5) microg/L, P < 0.05]. Vascular resistance was similar among groups before therapy and all significantly decreased after 1 year antihypertensive therapy and the decrease was more significant in group A [(1064.3 +/- 158.6) dyn.s(-1).cm(-5)] than that in group B [(1200.8 +/- 298.7) dyn.s(-1).cm(-5)] and group C [(1205.1 +/- 206.4) dyn.s(-1).cm(-5)].

CONCLUSIONSpironolactone in conjunction with enalapril is a more favorable antihypertensive regimen in decreasing P III NP and improving vascular resistance than enalapril alone or antihypertensive drug regimens not directly affecting RAAS.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; Enalapril ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Procollagen ; blood ; Spironolactone ; therapeutic use ; Vascular Resistance

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of perindopril and enalapril on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE knockout mice.

METHODSApoE knockout mice were treated with perindoprilor (1.5 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), n = 20), enalapril (7.5 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), n = 20) or saline (0.2 ml saline/d, n = 20) per gavage for 20 weeks. Blood pressure and lipids were measured at the study end. Aortic root atherosclerotic plaque was then quantified and the content of collagen and the size of lipid core in the plaque assessed. Cryostat sections were used to quantify the expressions of monocyte/macrophage-2 (MOMA-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) in the plaque by immunofluorescence method.

RESULTSBlood pressure and lipid profiles were similar among different groups. Compared with control group, the plaque areas of perindopril group and enalapril group displayed significantly decrease (25.33% and 22.86%, respectively, both P < 0.01). However, no significant different were observed in the plaque size between the different ACE inhibitors groups. Perindopril group and enalapril group also significantly decreased the size of lipid core (52.98% and 38.98%, respectively, both P < 0.01) and the expression of MOMA-2 (88.38% and 52.16%, respectively, both P < 0.01), ICAM-1 (80.87% and 49.59%, respectively, both P < 0.01), VCAM-1 (77.56% and 56.44%, respectively, both P < 0.01) and MMP-9 (86.93% and 55.56%, respectively, both P < 0.01), and increased the plaque collagen content (298.36% and 168.14%, respectively, both P < 0.01) and the effects of perindopril was superior to those of enalapril (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSACE inhibitors significantly suppressed tissue inflammation and attenuated the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice independent of their effects on the lipid and blood pressure. Perindopril is superior to enalapril in stabilizing the plaques and has similar effect on reducing the plaque size as that of enalapril.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Enalapril ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Perindopril ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Si' an Capsule combined Enalapril on hypertensive trough/peak ratio (T/P) and circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension (EH).

METHODSSixty patients with EH of stage II, III were randomly divided into two groups, the 30 patients in the treated group were treated with Si' an capsule combined Enalapril, and the 30 patients in the control group were treated with Enalapril alone. All patients were given 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before and after 4 weeks treatment. T/P of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) of each group were calculated. Circadian rhythm of blood pressure was observed at the same time.

RESULTST/P of SBP and DBP in the treated group was 62.4 +/- 7.0% and 66.3 +/- 8.1% respectively, which was obviously higher than that in the control group, 53.3 +/- 6.7% and 60.1 +/- 7.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). The blood pressure circadian rhythm recovering rate in the treated group was 73.3% and in the control group 50%, the difference was insignificant.

CONCLUSIONThe combination therapy of Si' an capsule and Enalapril could lower the blood pressure smoothly and restore the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in EH patients.

Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Capsules ; Circadian Rhythm ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Enalapril ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and blood pressure as well as target organ damage in essential hypertension, and to evaluate the effects of enalapril and losartan on them. METHODS: Forty-two newly diagnoszed patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into enalapril-treated group and losartan-treated group. Serum ADMA, L-arginine, and nitric oxide( NO) were measured before and after the treatment for 8 weeks. Twenty-three healthy volunteers were included as control subjects. RESULTS: The concentrations of ADMA and L-arginine in serum were significantly higher but the level of nitric oxide was relatively lower ( P < 0.01 ) in hypertensive patients than those in control subjects. Serum ADMA was higher in different levels of blood pressure and target organ damage. Treatment with enalapril or losartan for 8 weeks not only reduced blood pressure but also decreased serum ADMA (P <0.01 ). Furthermore, treatment with these drugs also increased the level of serum nitric oxide but didn't change the level of L-arginine. CONCLUSION The concentrations of serum ADMA and L-arginine were increased, but the level of nitric oxide was decreased in the early stage of essential hypertension. Both enalapril and losartan could ameliorate the endothelial function by reducing the concentration of ADMA.
Adult ; Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arginine ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Enalapril ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; blood ; drug therapy ; Losartan ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of enalapril maleate (Enalaprilat) (E) on myocardial damage in early stage after burns.

METHODSA total of 60 SD rats were subjected to 30% TBSA III degree scald injury, and randomly divided into scald group (with conventional fluid transfusion after scald) and ENA group (with intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg Enalaprilat after scald). Normal control consisted of 6 rats. Plasma levels of cTnI and CK-MB were determined in all the groups at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 post-scald hours (PSH) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological changes in myocardium were observed at the same time-points.

RESULTS(1) The serum level of cTnI and CK-MB in scald group were significantly higher than that of normal controls at each time-point (P < 0.01). The serum level of cTnI and CK-MB in ENA group were (1.32 +/- 0.12 microg/L to 2.47 +/- 0.22 microg/L) and (438 +/- 68 U/L to 5569 +/- 322 U/L), respectively, which were obviously lower than those in B group (6.42 +/- 0.96 microg/L to 15.10 +/- 3.69 microg/L) and (2556 +/- 74 U/L to 8047 +/- 574 U/L, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at different time-points. (2) Compared with normal controls, cloudy swelling, stromal blood vessel dilatation and congestion inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in scald group, but these pathological changes were less marked in ENA group.

CONCLUSIONSevere myocardial damage in rat occurred early after burns. Enalaprilat injection can markedly alleviate myocardial damage.

Animals ; Burns ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Creatine Kinase, MB Form ; blood ; Enalapril ; therapeutic use ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Troponin I ; blood