Objective To study prospectively the likelihood and the affecting factors of endometrial cell dissemination into the peritoneal cavity during hysteroseopie procedures.Methods A total of 121 patients with benign endometrial pathology underwent hysteroscopy combined with laparoseopy.All the patients had pelvic washings performed just before and after the procedure of hysteroscopy.We collected the peritoneal washings and analyzed the peritoneal cytology changes in both groups pre-and post-hysteroscopy, as well as the dissemination rate related to the time of hysteroscopy,the intrauterine distention pressure,the volume of distention media,and the feature of endometrial conditions.Results The ratio of positive endometrial cells in the peritoneal washings of post-hysteroscopy group was 51.2%(62/121),which was significantly higher than pre-hysteroscopy group,38.0%(46/121)(P0.05).Conclusions Hysteroseopic procedures may have a risk of disseminating the endometrial cells into peritoneal cavity.Under a certain uterine distention pressure,the rate of dissemination is correlated with hysteroscopie duration.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between estrogen receptor beta gene (ER beta) polymorphism and unknown aetiology hypomenorrhea in Southwestern China .

METHODSOne hundred eumenorrhea women were chosen as control group and another 100 hypomenorrhea patients as case group from Southwestern China. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the Rsa I and Alu I in ER beta gene was analysed. The ER beta gene polymorphism genotype distribution in case group and control group was compared.

RESULTSR allele frequency in case and control groups was 37.5% and 48.5% respectively, the OR was 0.64 (95%CI: 0.42-0.97), P= 0.026. A allele frequency in case and control groups was 18.0% and 11.5% respectively, the OR was 1.69 (95%CI: 0.93-3.09), P= 0.07. RFLP of Rsa I and Alu I in both groups were distributed with polymorphism.

CONCLUSIONERbeta gene polymorphism has a relation with unknown aetiological hypomenorrhea. R allele may be the guard factor, and A allele may be its risk factor.

Adult ; Binding Sites ; genetics ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Menstruation Disturbances ; etiology ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDFor patients with severe endometriosis, the spontaneous pregnancy rates have been reported to be near 0 due to extreme distortion of normal pelvic anatomy. Surgery is one of the treatment options; however, if patients failed to conceive after surgery, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is effective. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical characteristics of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with stage III/IV endometriosis, and to determine the impact of the interval from surgery to IVF/ICSI on outcome.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty patients who were diagnosed with stage III/IV endometriosis underwent IVF/ICSI cycles between February 2004 and June 2009 were enrolled. The mean interval from surgery to IVF, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, implantation rate, embryos transferred, and good embryos transferred were compared between two age groups (35 years).

RESULTSThe mean interval from surgery to IVF was (37.9+/-28.9) months for the group35 years of age. Twenty-five IVF/ICSI cycles (12.8%) were performed during the first year after surgery, and 34.9% IVF/ICSI cycles were performed 2 years after surgery. No significant differences existed between the two groups with respect to the fertilization rate, implantation rate, number of embryos transferred, number of good embryos, clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates, and cumulative clinical pregnancy rates (P>0.05). The probability of cumulative clinical pregnancies was 75%, 50%, and 25% ((29.0+/-4.8), (61.0+/-7.6), and (120.0+/-16.9) months after surgery, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSFor infertile patients with stage III/IV endometriosis, the optimal time to conceive by IVF/ICSI is <2 years after surgery; nevertheless, most of the patients took a longer time to conceive.

Adult ; Endometriosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Time Factors

This study was purposed to prepare and identify monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against Homo sapiens hemoglobin alpha 2 (HBA2). Normal human fetal liver tissues were homogenized, and human liver nuclear proteins were isolated by centrifugation. The total human fetal liver nuclear proteins were used to immunize BALB/c mice for preparing McAbs by hybridoma technique. The McAbs specificity was identified by ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The antigen was identified by Uni-ZAP expression library screening. The results showed that one hybridoma cell line, AEE091, secreting specific McAb against HBA2 was established. The Ig subclass of this McAb was IgG1 (kappa). Data from immunohistochemistry assay showed that AEE091 could recognize human liver nuclear protein. Using AEE091 McAb, isolation of the protein antigen by IP revealed that AEE091 McAb could recognize 15 kD protein. Screening the Uni-ZAP XR pre-made liver cDNA library with AEE091 hybridoma cell supernatants demonstrated that AEE091 McAb specially reacted with HBA2. It is concluded that a hybridoma cell line stably secreting specific McAb against HBA2 is established. The specific McAb against HBA2 would be very useful for studying HBA2 function and screening thalassemia.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Base Sequence ; Hemoglobin A2 ; immunology ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; alpha-Thalassemia ; immunology

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Humans ; Liver ; cytology ; Liver Extracts ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVESevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease that first manifested in humans in November 2002. The SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been identified as the causal agent, but the pathology and pathogenesis are still not quite clear.

METHODSPost-mortem lung samples from six patients who died from SARS from April to July 2003 were studied by light and electron microscopy, Masson trichromal staining and immunohistochemistry. Evidence of infection with the SARS-CoV was determined by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) , serological examination and electron microscopy.

RESULTSFour of six patients had serological and RT-PCR evidence of recent infection of SARS-CoV. Morphologic changes are summarized as follows: (1) Diffuse and bilateral lung consolidation was seen in all patients (6/6) with increasing lung weight. (2) Diffuse alveolar damage was universal (6/6) with hyaline membrane formation (6/6), intra-alveolar edema/hemorrhage (6/6), fibrin deposition (6/6), pneumocyte desquamation (6/6). A marked disruption in the integrity of the alveolar epithelium was confirmed by immunostaining for the epithelial marker AE1/AE3 (6/6). (3) Type II pneumocytes, with mild hyperplasia, atypia, cytomegaly with granular amphophilic cytoplasm and intracytoplasmic lipid accumulation (5/6). (4) Giant cells in the alveoli were seen in five of 6 patients (5/6) , most of which were positive for the epithelial marker AE1/AE3 (5/6), but some cells were positive for the macrophage marker CD68(2/6). (5) A pronounced increase of macrophages were seen in the alveoli and the interstitium of the lung (6/6), which was confirmed by histological study and immunohistochemistry. (6) Haemophagocytosis was present in five of the 6 patients(5/6). (7) Lung fibrosis was seen in five patients(5/6), with alveolar septa and interstitium thickening(5/6), intraalveolar organizing exudates (6/6) and pleura thickening (4/6). Proliferation of collagen was confirmed by Masson trichromal staining, most of which was type III collagen by immunostaining. The formation of distinctive fibroblast/myofibroblast foci was seen in five patients (5/6) by light microscopy and immunochemistry. (8) Squamous metaplasia of bronchial mucosa was seen in five patients(5/6). (9) Thrombi was seen in all patients(6/6). (10) Accompanying infection was present in two patients, one was bacteria, the other was fungus. In addition, electron microscopy revealed viral particles in the cytoplasm of alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells corresponding to coronavirus.

CONCLUSIONDirect injury of SARS-CoV on alveolar epithelium, prominent macrophage infiltration and distinctive fibroblast/myofibroblast proliferation may play major roles in the pathogenesis of SARS.

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Epithelium ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; immunology ; Lung ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; etiology ; pathology ; SARS Virus ; isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology

This study was aimed to investigate the expression level of NOV and BNIP3 mRNA in mice myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M(4)) and its significance. The mice were inoculated intravenously with myelomonocytic leukemia cells of WEHI-3, and divided randomly into chemotherapy group and control (untreated) group. Bone marrow samples were then collected from both groups at different times. The NOV and BNIP3 mRNA expression were detected by TaqMan quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the relationship between these expression levels and clinical significance in leukemia incidence and progression were analyzed with β-actin as the housekeeping gene. The results showed that the mean values of NOV and BNIP3 increased gradually from 2 weeks after inoculation and achieved highest level at death in control group. Expression level of NOV increased from 1.85E-05 before inoculation to 3.57E-02 at death (p < 0.05), and BNIP3 from 3.44E-03 to 3.48E-02. While 2 gene expression in the chemotherapy group decreased quickly to 2.51E-05 and 1.58E-03 (p < 0.05) respectively after chemotherapy, which were close to the level before inoculation (p > 0.05). The 2 gene expressions again rose at relapse, and difference of expression level between 2 group at death were no statistically significant (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the expression of NOV and BNIP3 in leukemia AML-M(4) is significantly higher than that in normal controls, of which high level expression is an important factor in the development of leukemia. Close relation between the therapeutic effect and expression level of these two genes suggests the great value in prognostic evaluation and MRD detection.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; genetics ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein ; genetics

BACKGROUNDThe pregnancy outcome of the unicornuate uterus is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, cervical incompetence, and a number of obstetric complications. However, at present, there is no accepted treatment method for women with unicornuate uterus, other than expectant measures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive outcome of transcervical uterine incision (TCUI) in patients with unicornuate uterus.

METHODSThirty-three patients with unicornuate uterus presented to our tertiary center for infertility or miscarriage. All 33 patients underwent TCUI and were followed up for 10-52 months. The pregnancy outcomes ( first-trimester miscarriage, second-trimester miscarriage, preterm, term, intrauterine death, ongoing pregnancy, and live birth) before and after TCUI were compared by t- test.

RESULTSAmong 31 patients who attempted to conceive after TCUI, twenty conceived including one termination of pregnancy, one second-trimester miscarriage, one ectopic pregnancy, five preterm deliveries, 11 term delivery, and one ongoing pregnancy. There were 16 live births in total. There was significant reduction in the first-trimester miscarriage rate (t = 4.890; P< 0.001), increase in term delivery (t = -3.288; P = 0.002), and live birth rates (t = -4.073; P< 0.001) after TCUI.

CONCLUSIONTCUI appeared to improve the pregnancy outcome in women with unicornuate uterus presenting with infertility or miscarriage.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; surgery ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Urogenital Abnormalities ; surgery ; Uterus ; abnormalities ; surgery

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical constituents of Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz. and evaluate their biological activity. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical characteristics and spectral data. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibitory activity of the compounds were evaluated. Five compounds were obtained and identified as 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosylkaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 1, 2-dihydro-6,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxy-1-(3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N(1), N(2)-bis-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2, 3-naphthalene dicarboxamide (2), goniothalactam (3), aristololactam A IIIa (4) and piperlonguminine (5). Compound 1 was a new flavonol C-glycoside, 2 was a rare lignanamide, which was isolated from the family Piperaceae for the first time, and compound 3 was isolated from this plant for the first time. Among them, 2 showed potent DPPH-scavenging activity, with IC50 of 31.38 ± 0.97 μmol·L(-1); Compounds 2, 3, and 4 showed AChE inhibitory activity at 100 μmol·L(-1), with inhibition rates of 28.57% ± 1.47%, 18.48% ± 2.41% and 17.4% ± 3.03%, respectively.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; Molecular Structure ; Monosaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Piper ; chemistry

Female ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Infertility, Female ; Laparoscopy ; Pregnancy ; Uterus/surgery*