Aim To investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Epimedium sagittatum(TFE)and its metabolites on the proliferation and function expression of newborn rats calvarial osteoblasts(ROB).Methods TFE was supplemented into the culture medium of ROB at 0.2,2,20,100 and 200 mg?L-1 respectively.The serum of rats administered TFES(SRAT) was also added into the medium in a parallel treatment at 2%,4%,8% and 16% respectively.Their effects on cell proliferation and function expression were studied by MTT and the analysis of osteogenic differentiation marks.Results TFE had no effect on cell proliferation and function expression at any concentration.However,2% and 4% SRAT stimulated cell proliferation and,4% SRAT promoted the maturation and function of osteoblast by improving the alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity,bone gla protein(BGP) secretion,calcium deposition and the number of mineralized nodular structures.Conclusions The effective substance of herba epimedii treating on osteoporosis is not TFE itself but certain of metabolites derived from TFE and the products induced by these metabolites in serum.The metabolites in serum of TFE may enhance the cell function expression and proliferation.

Standardized surgical residency training is an important part of graduate medical education, a necessary path towards becoming a surgeon with the capability to deal with common clinical surgical problems in an independent, correct and evidence-based manner. It is also the fundamental policy for homogeneous clinician training, medical human resources construction and improvement of health care quality. Since its nationwide implementation at the end of 2013, there have been great achievements while problems and confusions were also exposed. Surgical residency training is now facing new challenges and opportunities. With the rapid development of minimally invasive surgery, young surgeons have been actively promoted to learning laparoscopic technique; however,traditional surgical basic skills as well as the essence of handson apprenticeship shall not be neglected. In the meantime, the Internet, and the series of revolutions and breakthroughs it brings, need to be utilized in residency training and construction of a system for standardized training management,which can be a creative model for future medical education.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of Notch1 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

METHODSNotch1 expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot in four gastric cancer cell lines(SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN-45 and MKN-28). The RNAi segments targeting Notch1 were designed and transfected into cell lines with the highest level of Notch1. The transcription and translation level of Notch1 expression was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. The proliferation of transfected cells were determined by CCK8 test. Meanwhile, the migration and invasive ability of transfected tumor cells were detected by Transwell test.

RESULTSGastric cell line BGC-823 was selected with the highest expression of Notch1 at both mRNA level and protein level. The expression of Notch1 was significantly reduced after the transfection. The CCK8 test showed the growth rate was significantly reduced in RNAi group after two days(F=4.644, P=0.046). In migration test, the number of cells crossing through chambers in RNAi group(30.1±3.1) was significantly lower than that in the negative control group(44.5±3.2) and in the mock group(46.1±2.6)(P<0.05). In invasion test, the number of cells crossing through chambers in RNAi group(22.9±4.5) was also significantly lower than that in the negative control group (37.3±4.2) and in the mock group (37.8±3.7)(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDown-regulation of Notch1 inhibits the proliferation and reduces the ability of migration and invasion in gastric cell line BGC-823, suggesting that Notch1 may play an important role in the gastric carcinogenesis and metastasis.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Notch1 ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Transfection

With the better diagnosis of early gastric cancer,increasing diversity and complexity of its treatment has united a multidisciplinary team led by physicians and surgeons. Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines are compiled and reviewed by a committee composed of physicians, surgeons and pathologists, which are based on the epidemiological trend of gastric cancer in Japan over the past two decades and clinical evidence from Japanese domestic studies and other promi-nent international clinical trials. Updated every three to six years, the guidelines now have five versions. They are one of the authoritative documents for the diagnosis and treatment for gastric cancer in the world. As far as the treatment strategies for early gastric cancer are concerned, they include the changes of endoscopic resection, the evolution of minimally invasive surgery, the widespread application of laparoscopic surgery and the promotion of the concept of functional preservation.The evolutionary trends are perfect reflections of a philosophical shift of Japanese physicians towards precision medicine:from radical resection to functional preservation, and from long-term survival only to better quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the composition of gut microbiota and its correlation with the severity of behavior symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: A total of 30 children with ASD were enrolled as the ASD group, and 20 healthy children matched for age and sex were enrolled as the healthy control group. Related clinical data were analyzed. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in fecal samples were sequenced. The severity of behavior symptoms in children with ASD was assessed using the autism behavior checklist. The Spearman's correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and the severity of behavior symptoms in children with ASD. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota between the two groups. Compared with the healthy control group, the ASD group had significant reductions in Shannon index and Shannoneven index (P<0.05), as well as a significant reduction in the percentage of Firmicutes and a significant increase in the percentage of Acidobacteria in feces (P<0.05). In the ASD group, the dominant bacteria were Megamonas, Megasphaera, and Barnesiella, while in the healthy control group, the dominant bacteria were Eubacterium_rectale_group, Ezakiella, and Streptococcus. In the children with ASD, the abundance of Megamonas was positively correlated with the scores of health/physical/behavior and language communication (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The development of ASD and the severity of behavior symptoms are closely associated with the composition of gut microbiota.
Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Bacteria ; Child ; Feces ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

The number of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) has been increasing year by year. The key technical points such as surgical approach, lymph node dissection and GI tract reconstruction have gradually reached their maturity. With the emergence of proofs of evidence-based neoadjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for advanced AEG is also gradually accepted by most surgeons and oncologists. European scholars have previously started researches on MIS after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer and AEG. Domestic scholars also raise practical suggestions on the application of neoadjuvant therapy for AEG via the cooperation between gastrointestinal and thoracic surgeons, demonstrating the trend in standardization and individualization. But there is still no consent to the indication of MIS after neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, there is also a lack of the standardization of technical points for MIS, GI tract reconstruction, short- and long-term outcomes. Such associated problems have been the hot controversy and exploration in recent years. This article describes current progress of neoadjuvant therapy for AEG, current status of MIS after the neoadjuvant therapy in Europe, America, East Asia, including China, and related researches plus future prospects, hoping for better clinical outcomes.
Adenocarcinoma/surgery* ; Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Esophagogastric Junction/surgery* ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

OBJECTIVETo study whether the porcine alpha1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted heterozygous hepatocyte negatively expresses GT mRNA and resists to the cytotoxicity of nature antibody in human serum.

METHODSThe porcine alpha1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted vector (pPNTloxPGTsiRNA) were construct with pPNTloxPGT and pMXSV/U6 vector. Positive-negative selection was used to produce a heterozygous pPNTloxPGTsiRNA knockout (+/-) clone. The GT mRNA expressions were detected with northern blot. Complement-mediated NAb cytotoxicity after incubation of hepatocytes with NAbs and complement was determined using 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS, tetrazolium salt) colorimetric assay.

RESULTSThe pPNTloxPGTsiRNA targeted porcine hepatocyte (+/-) negative express GT mRNA. Only 14% to 18% cytotoxicity can be detected at the highest serum concentration. The pPNTloxPGT targeted porcine hepatocyte (+/-) express GT mRNA just as the wild type porcine cells and the cytotoxicity are 77% to 83%.

CONCLUSIONThe porcine a1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted heterozygous hepatocyte (+/-) negative express GT and resisted to nature antibody in human serum.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; genetics ; Galactosyltransferases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Gene Targeting ; methods ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Heterozygote ; Immune Tolerance ; genetics ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Mutation ; RNA, Small Interfering ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Swine ; Transfection

Objective:To investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of Shakubatrivalsartan in the treatment of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods:Clinical information, treatment and prognosis of 5 cases with dilated cardiomyopathy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from June 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results:A total of 5 cases of children with dilated cardiomyopathy were analyzed, including 3 males and 2 females with age of 12-17 years.Their median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVDd), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were 37% (20%-41%), 61 mm (59-67 mm), and 13 250 ng/L (12 310-21 823 ng/L), respectively.The median conventional treatment time was 5 months (1-12 months), in which, the condition of heart failure gradually progressed, and the median LVEF, LVDd and NT-proBNP levels were reduced to 33% (19%-37%), 61 mm (60-74 mm), 13 144 ng/L (8 086-15 137 ng/L). After less than 3 months of follow-up following conventional treatment plus Shakubatrivalsartan, NT-proBNP level significantly decreased in 5 cases.Besides, 4 cases had improved cardiac function, and the other one′s improvement was not obvious.The blood pressure of 5 cases decreased at varying degrees after medication of Shakubatrivalsartan, which should be closely monitored during drug titration.No adverse reactions were reported.Conclusions:Shakubatrivalsartan for the treatment of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy is safe and effective, which can alleviate or reverse the process of myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac ejection fraction, thus improving the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical stability of three cross-bridge headless compression screws and locking plates in the fixation of Mason type Ⅲ radial head fractures by finite element method. METHODS: Using reverse modeling technology, the radial CT data and internal fixation data of a healthy 25-year-old male were imported into the relevant software. Three-dimensional finite element model of 3 cross-bridge headless compression screws and locking plates for MasonⅢ radial head fractures were established, and the radial head was loaded with 100 N axial loading. The maximum displacement, maximum Von Mises stress and stress distribution of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The maximum displacements of the three cross-bridge screws group and locking plate group were 0.069 mm and 0.087 mm respectively, and the Von Mises stress peaks were 18.59 MPa and 31.85 MPa respectively. The stress distribution of the three screws group was more uniform. CONCLUSION Both internal fixation methods can provide good fixation effect. CoMPared with the locking plate fixation method, the 3 cross-bridge headless compression screws fixation is more stable and the stress distribution is more uniform.
Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Finite Element Analysis ; Radial Head and Neck Fractures ; Bone Screws ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Radius Fractures/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Bone Plates ; Fractures, Comminuted

Objective: To optimize purification process of total alkaloid extract of Berberis dictyophylla cortex by macroporous resin,and to establish its quality standard. Method: Acid dye colorimetry was used to investigate the purification process of total alkaloid extract of B. dictyophylla cortex,the process parameters included concentration of sample solution,speed of sampling,diameter-height ratio of resin column,water washing amount,concentration and dosage of eluent,flow rate of elution,etc.In order to determine the optimum process,HPLC was employed to determine the contents of four alkaloids(magnoflorine,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride,and berberine hydrochloride) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for gradient elution and detection wavelength at 270 nm.After being purified,quality standard of total alkaloid extract of B. dictyophylla cortex was investigated according to the requirements in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Result: Optimal purification conditions were as following:10 g of HPD100 macroporous adsorption resin with a column diameter-height ratio of 1:8,sampling solution concentration of 11 g·L^-1,the loading flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1,sampling solution volume of 50 mL,washed with 4 BV of water(1 BV=15 mL) and added 9 BV of 30% ethanol,after being purified,the transfer rate of total alkaloids was>80%,and its purity was>65%.The quality standard of total alkaloid extract of B. dictyophylla cortex was established,there were 19 common peaks in the characteristic chromatogram,and the overall similarity was>0.99. Conclusion: This optimized purification process is stable and feasible, and the established quality standard is controllable.