Drug Delivery Systems ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogenes ; drug effects ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha ; genetics ; Statistics as Topic

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)with respect to the bal- ance of Th1/Th2.Methods:Eighteen healthy male minipigs,weighing 22-30 kg,were randomly divided into two groups: MODS group and control group.Double-hit method including hemorrhagic shock and endotoxiemia was used to establish the porcine MODS model.The peripheral vein blood samples were collected at different time-points(before bloodletting,before en- dotoxin injection,1 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after endotoxin injection)in the two groups.The spleen samples were collected after death of the animals.Plasma levels of IFN-?and IL-4 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Real- time PCR was used to detect the expression of IFN-?,IL-4,T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA(The latter 2 were the key transcription factors associated with Th1/Th2 response)in the spleen samples.Results:The plasma levels of IFN-?and IL-4 quickly reached the peak values 1 h after the endotoxin injection,then the level of IFN-?decreased quickly.The ratio of IFN-?/IL-4 was signifi- cantly lower than the baseline value 72 h after endotoxin injection(P=0.000).The ratio of IFN-?/IL-4 mRNA in MODS group was obviously lower than that in the control group(P=0.020);the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 was also lower in MODS group (P=0.038).Conclusion:The shift from Th1 to Th2 occurs in the progress of MODS.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of environment temperature on the recovery of microdialysis probe for neurotransmitters.

METHODSNeurotransmitters NE, DA, and 5-HT were dialyzed with 4 mm membrane length microdialysis probes in different environmental temperature. There were three conditions: lower temperature condition, the temperature of standard solution and that of the perfusate were both 24 degree; higher temperature condition,both were 37.5 degree; and the middle temperature:the perfusate was 24 degree and the standard solution was 37.5 degree. The concentrations of neurotransmitters in the dialyzed solution and the standard solution were analyzed by HPLC-ECD, and recoveries were then calculated.

RESULTIn lower temperature condition,the recoveries of microdialysis probe for NE, DA, 5-HT were 18.3 %, 19.6% and 16.9%, respectively. In middle temperature condition, the recoveries were 29.6%, 30.7% and 24.3%, respectively, and in higher temperature condition, those were 49.2%, 47.5% and 37.2%, respectively. With the analysis of variance, the recoveries for NE, DA, 5-HT increased with temperature significantly (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONBoth the perfusate and the standard solution affects the environmental temperature of microdialysis probe, which in turns affects the recovery of microdialysis probe for neurotransmitters. So in order to calculate the recovery more accurately, the standard solution/the perfusate should be kept in body temperature.

Animals ; Biogenic Monoamines ; analysis ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; analysis ; Oxadiazoles ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the experience in diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant tumors of the heart and pericardium.

METHODSThe clinical data of 24 patients with malignant tumors of the heart and pericardium treated in our hospital between Jun. 1980 and Mar. 2008 were retrospectively analyzed and the related literature was reviewed.

RESULTSAll 24 patients received surgical treatment. Radical resection in 10 cases and partial resection in 6 cases were performed, and the remaining 8 patients received only surgical exploration due to unresectable tumors. One patient died of cardiopulmonary failure in early postoperative stage and all the other patients died within 4 years after operation due to recurrence or metastases.

CONCLUSIONEchocardiography, CT, MRI, 3D-CT, CT of coronary artery and cardiac angiography are helpful for the diagnosis and selection of operation mode. Histological examination is necessary for the final diagnosis. Early diagnosis and surgical resection of the tumor as complete as possible, and combination with post-operative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may improve the survival of the patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Mesothelioma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Myxoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Pericardium ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo understand the relationship between the HIV-1 viral sequence variation and host factors associated with HIV-1 disease progression.

METHODSEnv and gag fragments of HIV-1 were amplified with PCR, cloned and sequenced. Bioinformatics was employed to find the genetic variation, N-linked glycosylation, hypermutation etc. Host gene polymorphism was analysed by using restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

RESULTSSignificant difference was found in genetic divergence between Env PCR dominant and clonal sequences (0.1 and 0.06, respectively) in non-treated group, but no significant difference was found in the HAART treated group. V3 GPGQ accounted for the most part in both treated and nontreated groups, rare V3 loop such as GPGH, GQGR and GLGR was found in treated group, V3 substitutions of I/V (position 12) and Y/H (position 21) was associated with the relatively rapid progression (RRP). Glycosylation was significantly higher in RRP than in TP for Env region, GA substitution in RRP was also significantly higher than that in TP group. SDF1-3primeA and CCR2 V64I gene frequency was higher in TP than in RRP, but the difference was not significant.

CONCLUSIONDisease progression was associated with V3 AA change, glycosylation and GA substitution in env gene. SDF1-3primeA, CCR2 V64I and CX3CR1 V249I/M280T was not associated with disease progression significantly.

Adult ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Glycosylation ; HIV Infections ; pathology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Chemokine ; genetics ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of the combined use of amiodarone and Wenxin Granule (WXG) in auricular fibrillation (AF) conversion and its safety.

METHODSTwo hundred and twenty-four patients, in whom AF lasted for less than 1 year, were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups, 112 in each group. Patients in the treated group were treated with WXG and amiodorane and the others in the control group were orally administered with amiodarone alone. The accumulative conversion rate of AF and adverse reaction were monitored during the 6-month observation period.

RESULTSSix-month observation was completed in 109 cases in the treated group and 107 in the control group, while 3 cases and 5 cases in the two groups were dropped out respectively. The difference of accumulative AF conversion rates between the two groups become significant early after one month medication (P < 0.05), and was 65.1% and 47.7% respectively after 6-month of treatment (P < 0.05). Inter-group significant difference was also shown in the aspects of average conversion time, dosage of amiodarone required and the occurrence of adverse reaction (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCombined use of WXG and amiodarone has a better effect in improving conversion rate of AF, shortening conversion time and decreasing the required dosage of amiodarone in treating AF as compared with the treatment with amiodarone alone, and by which the adverse reaction of long-term using amiodarone could be avoided.

Aged ; Amiodarone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Safety

To investigate the changes of intestinal microcirculation in endotoxic shock and the effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on intestinal microcirculation, endotoxic shock was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored throughout the experimental procedure. The velocity and flux of red blood cell (RBC) in villus tip arteriole and capillaries were measured by FITC-labeled erythrocytes and intravital microscopy. The effect of iNOS was determined by targeted disruption of mice iNOS-gene and administration of S-methylthiourea sulfate (SMT), a selective inhibitor of iNOS, before LPS injection. No significant differences in MAP, RBC velocity and flux at baseline were found among wild type mice, SMT pretreated mice and iNOS-gene knockout mice. LPS induced a dramatic fall of MAP in wild type mice. The decrease of MAP was significantly restored in iNOS-gene knockout mice and in wild type mice received SMT before LPS injection. The velocity and flux of RBC in villus tip arteriole and capillaries decreased markedly after LPS injection in wild type mice, while significantly higher velocity and flux of RBC were found in iNOS-gene knockout mice and SMT-pretreated mice both 60 and 120 min after LPS injection. The results demonstrate that iNOS plays an essential role in the intestinal microcirculation disturbance which occurs in endotoxic shock.
Animals ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microcirculation ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; genetics ; physiology ; Shock, Septic ; chemically induced ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate myocardial protection and prognosis of the different operative procedures of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the senile patients with coronary artery disease.

METHODSFrom July 2008 to June 2009, 125 cases (age ≥ 65 years old) underwent CABG were divided into 3 groups.Group A (70 cases) undertook off-pump CABG, group B (33 cases) undertook on-pump beating heart CABG. group C (22 cases) undertook on-pump CABG with cardiac arrest. Serum level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity were examined right before operation and 0, 24, 72 and 168 h after operation. The complications during perioperative period and the mortality were investigated.

RESULTSNo significant difference was found in the right before operation and 168 h after operation of the serum level of cTnI and CK-MB in the 3 groups (P > 0.05). The serum level of cTnI and CK-MB activity of group A was the lowest and group B was lower than group C. Group A was the best concerning the complications during perioperative period. The mortality of group A was lower than group B but no significant difference was found in the mortality between group A and C. No significant difference was found in the complications during perioperative period and the mortality between group B and C.

CONCLUSIONOff-pump CABG could reduce myocardial injury and the complications during perioperative period in the senile patients.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; Coronary Disease ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanisms of panaxoside Rg1 on the new vessel formation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats.

METHODSThe AMI model of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was established, and rats were randomly divided into the AMI model group, the treatment group of panaxoside Rg1, the placebo group and the treatment group of panaxoside Rg1 plus rapamycin. Cardiac creatases were determined with 1 mL blood drawn from vena caudalis of the rats 48 h after the model was successfully made. After 4 weeks, Evans blue was injected into the aorta roots of the rats, and then, red tetrazoline was dyed again and the myocardial infarction area was evaluated. The microvessel density (MVD) of infarction area was determined by the immunohistochemistry of CD31; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the protein content of CD31 and hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) of the infarction area.

RESULTSThe MVD in the infarction area and the contents of CD31 and HIF-1alpha in the Rg1 treatment group were higher than those in the AMI model group significantly (P<0.05). The cardiac creatase and infarction area were lower in the Rg1 treatment group than those in the AMI model group significantly (P<0.05). The above effects, however, disappeared when rapamycin, the antagonist of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), was administered simultaneously.

CONCLUSIONSPanaxoside Rg1 could increase the expression of HIF-1alpha and CD31 of myocardium and stimulate the angiogenesis. The above mentioned role of panaxoside Rg1 might be related to the excitation of mTOR receptor.

Animals ; Cell Count ; Collateral Circulation ; drug effects ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Placebos ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Sirolimus ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Angiogenesis is considered to be an integral process to the growth and spread of solid tumors. Anti-angiogenesis therapy recently has been found to be one of the most promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, we provide several lines of evidences showing that KR-31831, a new benzopyran derivative, has anti-angiogenic activities. KR-31831 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), and suppressed the release of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) of BAECs. KR-31831 also inhibited in vivo angiogenesis in mouse Matrigel plug assay. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) were decreased by KR-31831. Taken together, these results suggest that KR-31831 acts as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor and might be useful for treating hypervascularized cancers.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy ; Models, Biological ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism ; Male ; Ischemia/drug therapy ; Imidazoles/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cattle ; Benzopyrans/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use