BACKGROUND:Sepsis has become the greatest threat to in-patients, with a mortality of over 25％.The dysfunction of gut barrier, especially the immunological barrier, plays an important role in the development of sepsis. This dysfunction occurs after surgery, but the magnitude of change does not differentiate patients with sepsis from those without sepsis. Increased intestinal permeability before surgery is of no value in predicating sepsis. The present study aimed to observe the changes of intestinal mucosal immunologic barrier in rat models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sepsis group (n=45) and a control group (n=15). The rats in the sepsis group were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), whereas the rats in the control group underwent a sham operation. The ileac mucosa and segments were harvested 3, 6 and 12 hours after CLP, and blood samples were collected. Pathological changes, protein levels of defensin-5 (RD-5) and trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) mRNA, and lymphocytes apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa were determined. In an additional experiment, the gut-origin bacterial DNA in blood was detected. RESULTS:The intestinal mucosa showed marked injury with loss of ileal villi, desquamation of epithelium, detachment of lamina propria, hemorrhage and ulceration in the sepsis group. The expression of TFF3 mRNA and level of RD-5 protein were decreased and the apoptosis of mucosal lymphocyte increased (P<0.05) in the sepsis group compared with the control group. Significant differences were observed in RD-5 and TFF3 mRNA 3 hours after CLP and they were progressively increased 6 and 12 hours after CLP in the sepsis group compared with the control group (P<0.05, RD-5 F=11.76, TFF3 F=16.86 and apoptosis F=122.52). In addition, the gut-origin bacterial DNA detected in plasma was positive in the sepsis group. CONCLUSION:The immunological function of the intestinal mucosa was impaired in septic rats and further deteriorated in the course of sepsis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on the expression of transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) in rats with pulmonary damage induced by paraquat (PQ).

METHODSFifty-four healthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into the control group (normal saline), the PQ-treatment groups (4 groups) and the PDTC treatment groups (4 groups). Except the rats in the control group, the rats in the PQ group were gavaged only with 40 mg/kg PQ, and PDTC group with 40 mg/kg PQ plus immediate injection 120 mg/kg PDTC (i.p). On the 3rd, the 7th, the 14th and 28th day after treatments, one group rats of each treatments were sacrificed and lung and blood samples were collected. The level of TGF-beta(1) protein in the plasma, the mRNA expression of TGF-beta(1), MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were evaluated using RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR, while pathological changes of lung were examined under optical microscope and electrical microscope.

RESULTSThe TGF-beta(1) protein, TGF-beta(1) and MMP-2 mRNA expression were increased significantly in the earlier stage and then decreased after PQ administration (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the mRNA level of TIMP-1 was augmented continuously (P < 0.01) throughout the study compared to the control group. In comparison with the PQ group, in the PDTC treatment group, the TGF-beta(1) mRNA expression on the 3rd and the 14th day, 0.54 +/- 0.08 and 0.72 +/- 0.04 respectively, the MMP-2 mRNA expression on the 7th and 14th day, 1.62 +/- 0.50 and 1.97 +/- 0.34 respective-ly, and the TIMP-1 mRNA on the 7th and 21st day, 1.79 +/- 0.21 and 2.00 +/- 0.34 respectively, were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPDTC could attenuate paraquat-induced up-regulation of TGF-beta(1) and its mRNA expression, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA levels, which indicates that PDTC may exert its protective effects on paraquat-induced pulmonary damage by alleviating the earlier inflammation damage and adjust-ing the balance between MMPs and TIMPs. However, further studies are still warranted to investigate and clarify the underlying mechanisms involved in this complicated process.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Pyrrolidines ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiocarbamates ; pharmacology ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism

The Chinese medical ethics committee and the ethical review system have made the following achievements: (1) enabled the institutionalization of medical ethics, (2) carried out the ethics review of Chinese medicine (CM) and integrative medicine extensively, (3) trained a large number of ethical professionals, (4) supported and protected the interests of patients and subjects, and (5) ensured the correct direction of biological research and provided ethical defense for the publication of its results. However, at the same time, they are also faced with some new problems and difficulties that need to be resolved in the following ways: (1) to refine the relevant rules of ethical review, (2) to develop the relevant standards of the CM and integrative medicine ethical review, (3) to enhance the independence and authority of ethics committee, (4) to emphasize innovation and to discover and solve new problems, and (5) to increase international exchanges and improve relevant research.
Ethical Review ; Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Patient Rights

Scientific data is the source of innovation in knowledge. In order to change the situation that there is few information in plenty of data and to obtain useful knowledge which has high information content, it is necessary to clean data and ensure data's accuracy and without noise off when database is established initially. High-quality data comes from high-quality data source. But incomplete and incorrect and irregular data exist widely in the data source of Chinese materia medica. The phenomenon of synonyms and homonym is quite serious, and there is no unified description for the name and origin of Chinese materia medica among different data sources. So data processing including data analysis and research is very important in the establishment of Chinese materia medica database. In order to get the most accurate and standard data, this paper analyzed the items of Medical Plants in Xiandai Bencao Gangmu, including classification analysis of medical plants: distribution analysis of different classes and analysis of medical part; analysis of synonyms and homonym; analysis of incorrect data and analysis of advantage and disadvantage of data sources.
Materia Medica ; classification ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; Reference Books, Medical ; Terminology as Topic

To investigate the kinship between the Inner Mongolia pandemic strain and representative strains of the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), total DNA from the lung tissue of a JSRV-infected sheep in Inner Mongolia was used to clone fragments of gag, pro and pol genes. The recombinant plasmid pMD-JSRV (including complete genomic sequence of the JSRV strain isolated from Inner Mongolia) was constructed by linking all the cloned fragments with long terminal repeat (LTR) and env gene fragments (cloned previous and reserved by our research team). Sequence analyses revealed that the genome was 7690 bp in length and contained several typical molecular markers for exogenous form of JSRV. These included the Sca I restriction site in the gag gene, two predicted "CCHC" motifs of zinc finger in the encoded nucleocapsid protein and the predicted "YXXM" motif in the TM region of Env. Homology analyses showed that the virus strain belonged to the JSRV type II. pMD-JSRV and AF105220 strains shared a nucleotide identification of 95%. The full length genomic clone of JSRV could provide a molecular basis for an infectious JSRV molecular clone as well as an experimental platform to study the detection and pathogenesis of JSRV.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus ; genetics ; Pandemics ; Plasmids ; Proviruses ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility of application of ilium inner table to repair the articular surface defects of tibial plateau complex fractures.

METHODSTwenty-three patients with tibial plateau complex fractures included 17 males and 6 females with an average age of 28.3 years old ranging from 18 to 51 years. The area of the articular surface defects ranged from 1 cmx2 cm to 3 cmx3 cm, averaged 6.7 cm2. Taking ilium inner table with periosteum after trimmed and implanting into the articular surface defect area with the concavity upward and drilled with diameter 1.5 mm Kirschner pin interval 3 to 4 mm. Bone grafting were placed under the ilium inner table and were fixed by T-shaped or L-shaped plate. The wounded limb were braked by plaster for 4 weeks after operation.

RESULTSTwenty-three patients were followed-up for 8 months to 3 years, averaged 13.6 months. X-ray film showed solid union and the smooth articular surface in all cases. According to the Rasmussen evaluation system, the results were excellent in 11 cases, good in 8 cases,fair in 3 cases, poor in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONTaking ilium inner table to repair the articular surface defects of tibial plateau complex fractures is a good resolving measures. It can repaire major area of articular surface defects, restore the smooth articular surface and acquire good function of knee joint with easy to operate, less complications at donor area.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ilium ; anatomy & histology ; Joints ; injuries ; transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the best time of intratympanic dexamethasone injection to treat sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) as salvage therapy so that to improve the curative efficacy on sudden deafness at the utmost. METHOD: A total of 192 patients with SSNHL were included in this study, among whom 63 cases received the systemic steroid therapy throughout the study, while the other ones were treated with systemic steroid as initial treatment and were given intratympanic steroid administration as salvage treatment starting at different time point. The salvage treatment started on the 3rd day after the beginning of the initial treatment for 29 cases, on the 7th day for 38 cases, on the 14th day for 43 cases, and 1 month later for 19 cases. All the patients were followed up for 2 months. RESULT: The recovery rates and total effective rates showed no statistically significant difference between the patients received only systemic steroid therapy and the ones received intratympanic steroid administration on the 3rd, 7th day and 1 month later after the initial treatment. The recovery rate and total effective rate exhibited statistically significant difference between the patients received intratympanic steroid administration since the 14th day after the initial treatment and the ones received only systemic steroid therapy, with the numerical value of P 0. 037 and 0. 034, respectively. CONCLUSION (1) As an initial management plan, the curative effects. between the intratympanic steroid administration and the systemic steroid therapy were not significantly different. (2) As a salvage treatment, intratympanic steroid was a better choice for patients who have not completely recover from ISSNHL after failure of initial management with systemic steroid only. (3) The best time point of salvage treatment with intratympanic steroid was about 2 weeks after initial management with systemic steroid.
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; drug therapy ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Injection, Intratympanic ; Salvage Therapy ; Steroids ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Tympanic Membrane

Objective To investigate the value of the serum heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in the assessment of cardiac function in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD).Methods Forty-five RHD patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2016 to December 2016 were selected as the observation group.In addition,45 subjects with normal cardiac function in the same period were selected as control group.The levels of serum H-FABP,B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP),left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVESD) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were compared in the groups.The correlation between serum H-FABP and BNP,cardiac function classification was analyzed.Results The serum H-FABP and BNP levels and LVEDD,LVESD in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05),but the LVEF in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the serum H-FABP,BNP levels and LVEDD,LVESD,LVEF among the patients with class Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ of heart function (P ＜0.05).The serum H-FABP,BNP levels and LVEDD,LVESD in the patients with class Ⅲ and Ⅳ of heart function were significantly higher than those in the patients with class Ⅱ of heart function(P ＜ 0.05);but the LVEF in the patients with class Ⅲand Ⅳ of heart function was significantly lower than that in the patients with class Ⅱ of heart function(P ＜0.05).Compared with the patients with class Ⅲ of heart function,the serum H-FABP,BNP levels and LVEDD,LVESD in the patients with class Ⅳ of heart function were significantly higher(P ＜ 0.05);but the LVEF in the patients with class Ⅳ of heart function was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.05).The serum H-FABP level was positively correlated with serum BNP level,LVEDD and LVESD in the observation group (r =0.579,0.743,0.740;P ＜ 0.05).but it was negatively correlated with LVEF (r =-0.801,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The serum H-FABP level increases with the aggravation of heart failure in patients with RHD.It can be used as an important index to evaluate the heart function and prognosis of RHD patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of the number and position of anchor nails on the Bankart repair by the finite element analysis. METHODS: The 3D CT data of shoulder joints including normal adult volunteers were imported into Mimics 10.0 and Geomagic 2012 software to reconstruct the related tissues, and then meshed in Hypermesh 13.0 software to give material attributes. The position and number of MPC constraints were adjusted in Abaqus 6.14 to establish finite element model of shoulder joint under 6 working conditions including A model(normal control model), B model (Bankart damage control model), C model (1 anchor), D model (2 anchors), E model (3 anchors), F model (4 anchors). The humerus external rotation and forward load were added to simulate the fear test of the shoulder joint forward instability. RESULTS: (1)Normally, the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex accompanied by the external rotation of the humerus head has a wrinkle and a significant stress concentration around its anterior and posterior bundle terminations.(2)The stress of the anterior bundle and posterior bundle of the inferior glenohumeral ligament were increased by 52.33% and 45.67% respectively after Bankart's injury.(3)In each model of anchor repair, the stress concentration was obvious at the anchor site, and the stress of anterior and posterior bundle ligaments could be reduced; there were no obvious differences between C, D models and B model(>0.05), and there were significant differences between E, F models and B model(<0.05). CONCLUSIONS One or two anchors can reduce the stress of the anterior and posterior bundles of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the repair of Bankart's injury, but when the angle of rotation is large, the stress concentration in the anchor position increases significantly, leading to the increases of the risk of failure. The application of three or four anchors can enhance the constraints on the inferior glenohumeral ligament and reduce the stress of the anchor itself through the "load sharing" effect between anchors, so as to ensure the stability of the shoulder joint and provide a mechanical environment for the early rehabilitation of patients.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Shoulder Dislocation ; Shoulder Joint

Objective To develop a set of wearable device for dynamic monitoring of human vital signs and environmental information during exercise.Methods By using system integration mode,multiple sensor modules were integrated in the design of the device.A microcontroller was selected as the core of the hardware circuit.Then serial ports simulation was used to connect all sensors to the microcontroller.Wireless data transmission between the handset and the primary control module was implemented with Bluetooth component.Results The device behaved well in low energy consumption,small volume,low weight and data accuracy,and met the design requirements for wearable mobile monitoring device.Conciusion The device provides real-time data monitoring to the users so as to contribute to human health.