The Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) program in Universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China should be committed to cultivating translation knowledge, medical knowl-edge, core translation competences and related translation professionalism. The program should develop various courses focusing on bilingual language ability, translation knowledge, translation strategy, TCM knowledge, intercultural communication competence, terminology and information communication technology. It should adopt student-centered teaching approaches and engage in the cultivation of faculty in order to improve the translation competence for MTI students in TCM universities.

The integration of medical humanities and College English is based on the actual needs of the development of College English and medical humanities in medical colleges and universities in China. Under the guidance of theory of content and language integrated learning (CLIL), the medical humanities and College English integrated teaching should use English medical literature and medical videos to develop students' medical humanities literacy. It should adoptstudent-centeredteaching approaches, such as case-based teaching, task-based teaching, medical humanistic practice, and autonomous learning. It should also optimize the evaluation methods. The purpose of the teaching model is to create a real English learning context for medical humanities in which students can improve their English proficiency, enrich their medical humanities literacy, and expand their international horizon as well.

Glutamate is an essential excitatory neurotransmitter which regulates brain functions.An increase in extracellular glutamate could excessively activate ionotropic glutamate receptors,initiate calcium overload,and lead to cell death after cerebral ischemia.Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is one of the major glutamate transporters expressed predominantly in astrocytes.Astrocytes also express the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) which converts the glutamate to glutamine; the latter is then 'recycled' into neurons.Pretreatment with ceftriaxone (CEF),ischemia and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia could lead to neuroprotection by increasing the expression of GLT-1 and regulating the activity of glutamate transporter in brain.

Objective To evaluate the role and mechanism of miR-150 in cardiac fibrosis after MI.Methods A rat model of MI was established by up-regulating miR-150 through overexpressing miR-150 lentivirus.Real-time PCR and Western blot were applied in detecting the expression of collagen 1 α 1 and α-SMA protein in infarction area border.Masson coloration was applied in measuring fibrosis.Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated and cultured.UTR was used to report the carrier and lentivirus.And c-Myb siRNA was used to verify the relationship between c-Myb and microRNA-150.Results In vivo,MiR-150 was down-regulated in myocardium border zone in 14 day and 28 day after infarction (P ＜ 0.001,P ＜ 0.05),and overexpressing miR-150 promoted myocardial fibrosis (P ＜ 0.001),and inhibited the expression of collagen1α 1 and α-SMA (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).In vitro,c-Myb was the direct target gene of miR-150,and inhibited the expression of c-Myb resulting in the down regulation of collagen1α 1 and α-SMA,suggesting that the role of miR-150 was achieved by regulating c-Myb.Conclusions MiR-150 was down-regulated in myocardium border zone,and myocardial fibrosis can be improved by targeting c-Myb.

Objective To investigate the association between the signaling pathways of MCP-1-pCDH-GFP-trans?fected cells and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods The cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were tested by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation methods. The constructed MCP-1 over-expression/interfer?ence vector, and the change of transcription profile were detected by microarray assay and biological information technology analysis. Results MCP-1 over-expression/interference vector MCP-1-pCDH-GFP/MCP-1-LMP shRNAmir1 was con?structed and HUVECs were transfected. According to the microarray analysis we found that there were 18 down-expressed signaling pathways and 7 up-expressed signaling pathways in MCP-1-pCDH-GFP-transfected cells. There were 60 down-expressed signaling pathways and 15 up-expressed signaling pathways in the MCP-1-LMP shRNAmir1 transfected cells. Conclusion Signaling pathways of MCP-1 plays an important role in DVT formation,which may provide us a new way to study molecular mechanism of DVT.

Objective: To utilize powder physical characteristics, optimize prescription of dry granulation process of Xiaochuan Granules (XG). Methods: Filtering of granulation prescription was guided by investigating of powder material physical characteristics such as angle repose, compression degree, water content, etc; With one time forming rate, friability and quality score of granulation process as indexes, L9(34) orthogonal test which based on the evaluation method of information entropy was used to optimize the process parameters in XG dry granulation. Results: The optimum accessory is CD, optimum dry granulation technology parameters was as follows: roll wheel pressure of 7 MPa, roll wheel speed of 10 r/min, and feed speed of 18 r/min. Conclusion: Study of physical property of preparation materials could guide filtering prescription of dry granulation preparation; The prepared granules have high forming rate with moderate hardness and good flowability, and this optimized dry granulation technology is stable and reasonable.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the outcomes of T3a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors treated with permanent interstitial brachytherapy combined with external radiotherapy and hormone therapy.

METHODSFrom January 2003 to December 2008, 38 patients classified as T3a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors were treated with trimodality therapy (brachytherapy + external radiotherapy + hormone therapy). The prescription dose of brachytherapy and external radiotherapy were 110 Gy and 45 Gy, respectively. The duration of hormone therapy was 2-3 years. The endpoints of this study included biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Log-rank test was used to identify the prognostic predictors for univariate analysis.

RESULTSThe median follow-up was 71 months. The serum pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level ranged from 10.0 to 99.8 ng/ml (mean 56.3 ng/ml), the Gleason score ranged from 5 to 9 (median 8), and the percentage of positive biopsy cores ranged from 10% to 100% (mean 65%). The 5-year BFFS, DMFS, CSS, and OS rates were 44%, 69%, 82%, and 76%, respectively. All biochemical failures occurred within 40 months. The percentage of positive biopsy cores was significantly correlated with BFFS, DMFS, and OS (all P=0.000), and the Gleason score with DMFS (P=0.000) and OS (P=0.001).

CONCLUSIONST3a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors presents not so optimistic outcome. Hormone therapy should be applied to prolong the biochemical progression-free or metastasis-free survival. The percentage of positive biopsy cores and the Gleason score are significant prognostic factors.

Androgen Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Brachytherapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; agonists ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

METHODSProspective clinical study was carried out with 176 episodes of VAP with etiologic diagnosis being followed in two groups.

RESULTSTwenty-six episodes were caused by Acinetobacter baumannii and one hundred-fifty episodes were caused by "other" organisms. Using logistic regression analysis, the risk of VAP due to Acinetobacter baumannii was found to be high in patients with head trauma [odds ratio (OR) = 4.20, 95% confidence interva (CI): 2.72 to 6.48], surgery (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.78 to 4.66), acute respiratory dispnea syndrome (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.19 to 6.64), and large-volume pulmonary aspiration (OR = 6.71, 95% CI: 3.91 to 11.50).

CONCLUSIONSAcinetobacter baumannii pulmonary infection in incubated patients had an epidemiological pattern that different from "other" organisms. Patients with high risk identified in our study might mark the existence of cross-infection during airway manipulation.

Acinetobacter ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Acinetobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; etiology ; microbiology ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; complications ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; adverse effects

In the present study, terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique was applied to assess the diversity and tissue distribution of the fungal endophyte communities of Alpinia officinarum collected from Longtang town in Xuwen county, Guangdong province, China, at which the pharmacological effect of the medicine plant is traditional considered to be the significantly higher than that in any other growth areas in China. A total of 28 distinct Terminal-Restriction Fragment (T-RFs) were detected with HhaI Mono-digestion targeted amplified fungal nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region sequences (rDNA ITS) from the root, rhizome, stem, and leaf internal tissues of A. officinarum plant, indicating that at least 28 distinct fungal species were able to colonize the internal tissue of the host plant. The rDNA ITS-T-RFLP profiles obtained from different tissues of the host plant were obvious distinct. And the numbers of total T-RFs, and the dominant T-RFs detected from various tissues were significantly different. Based on the obtained T-RFLP profiles, Shannon's diversity index and the Shannon's evenness index were calculated, which were significantly different among tissues (P < 0.05). Furthermore, two types of active chemicals, total volatile oils by water vapor distillation method and galangin by methanol extraction-HPLC method, were examined in the each tissue of the tested plant. Both of tested components were detected in all of the four tissues of the medicine plant with varying contents. And the highest was in rhizome tissue. Correlation analysis revealed there were significant negative correlations between both of the tested active components contents and calculated Shannon's diversity index, as well as the Shannon's evenness index of the fungal endophyte communities of the host plant (P = 0, Pearson correlation coefficient ≤ -0.962), and significant positive correlations between both of the tested active components contents and 325 bp dominant T-RF linkage to Pestalotiopsis (P = 0, Pearson correlation coefficient ≥ 0.975). In conclusion, A. officinarum is colonized by diverse fungal endophytes communities. The diversity of the fungal endophytes was found in the A. officinarum varied with differences of the tissue types of the host plants and was closely correlated with the accumulation of main active components, total volatile oils and galangin contents in the host plant tissue.
Alpinia ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Biodiversity ; China ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Endophytes ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length