The purpose of this study was to investigate osteonectin expression patterns in cleft palatecompare to normal palate rats. We used 4 pregnant rats, and beta-aminoproprionitrile was oral dose to rat according to lg/kg body weight at gestation days 13 to induce cleft palate. Total 6 fetus was got with cleft formed, then 3 fetus was used for immunohistostain and 3 fetus was used for western blot analysis. Expression patterns of osteonectin in mesenchymal cells of cleft palate was more dilute to mesenchymal cells of normal palate with immnunohistostain, and width and length of band of maxilla in cleft palate was more thin than maxilla of normal palate with western blot study.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Body Weight ; Cleft Palate* ; Fetus ; Maxilla ; Osteonectin* ; Palate ; Pregnancy ; Rats*

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to observe high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of lung parenchyme in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants between the corrected age of 38-42 weeks who were treated with oxygen after birth, and to compare them to the clinical severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS: The lungs of fourty-four VLBW infants with gestational ages of less than 32 weeks and birth weights of less than 1,500 g who were treated with oxygen after birth were examined using HRCT taken when the corrected age was between 38-42 weeks. Common findings among the infants and the frequency of their occurrences were noted. Total CT scores obtained by the summation of air trapping and actelectasis scores and the ratio of bronchus-to-pulmonary artery diameter were used to quantitatively evaluate HRCT findings and correlate them with the clinical severity of BPD as defined by Jobe-Bancalari diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: 1) The most common findings in HRCT images of the lungs were air trapping (56%), atelectasis (70.5%), linear opacity (77%), and distortion of the bronchopulmonary bundle (65.9%). These findings were more commonly observed in infants with BPD in a mixed pattern than those without (P<0.05). However, abnormal findings were also found in HRCT images of some infants without BPD. In infants with BPD, air trapping, atelectasis and total CT scores were higher than those without BPD. Also infants with BPD had a lower bronchus-to-pulmonary artery diameter than those without BPD (P<0.05). 2) The total CT scores (r=0.799, P<0.0001) and the ratio of bronchus- to-pulmonary artery diameter (r=0.576, P<0.0001) showed a linear correlation with the clinical severity of BPD. CONCLUSION: HRCT findings in VLBW infants between the corrected age of 38-42 weeks who had been treated with oxygen after birth are useful in revealing pathologic changes in the lung parenchyme and show a good correlation with the clinical severity of BPD.
Arteries ; Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Lung* ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Oxygen* ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Atelectasis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There have been several reports suggesting close relationships bet- ween problem behavior syndrome scale and/or social competence scale and pediatric allergic disorders such as bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. The aim of the present study was to confirm these relationships. We compared the behavioral symptoms and social competence scale between allergic and non-allergic patient groups using Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K- CBCL). MATERIALS AND METHOD: One hundred and seventy-one subjects(aged 4-11 years) were enro- lled in this study. Allergy patient group(N=84) was divided into 4 subgroups, according to the allergic diseases such as atopic asthma(Group 1, BA), allergic rhinitis(Group 2, AR), atopic dermatitis(Group 3, AD), and chronic urticaria(Group 4, CU). Eighty-seven non-allergic patients (Group 5, NA) included those with pediatric general disorders, except psychomotor retardation, neurologic deficit, malignancy or other chronic disorders. K-CBCL which was filled in by parents or guardian, included eight dimensions of problem behavior: withdrawal, somatic problems, anxiety/ depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior. The first three scales were classified as an Internalizing broadband group and the last two scales as Externalizing group. In addition, the questionnaire included social scale, school scale, and total competence scale. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, social economic status between 5 subgroups of allergic and non-allergic patients(p>0.05). The mean problem behavior scores tended to be higher in allergic patient group, but no statistical significance was noted(p>0.05). The mean school scale, social scale, total competence scale of allergic patient group were not significantly higher than those of non-allergic patient group(p>0.05). Combined disease group with more than 2 allergic disorders showed problem behaviors compared to non-allergic group or asthma only group. Total social competence scale was lower in allergic patient group with 1-3 years of disease duration than for shorter(less than 1 year) and longer(more than 3 years) durations. CONCLUSION: Taken together, combined disease group and allergic disease group with 1-3 years of duration showed more problem behaviors and the lowest total social competence scales, respectively.
Asthma ; Behavioral Symptoms ; Checklist* ; Child ; Child Behavior* ; Child* ; Depression ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Mental Competency ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Parents ; Social Problems ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In northern China, annual epidemics of acute-onset flaccid paralysis diagnosed clinically Guillain-Barre syndrome have been observed for at least 20 years. These patients had a distinctive pattern that shares clinical and cerebrospinal fluid findings with demyelinating Guillain-Barr syndrome. But it was different from Guillain-Barr syndrome physiologically and pathologically. Electrodiagnostic studies showed normal motor distal latencies and limb conduction velocity, but reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude. When sensory nerve action potentials are elicitable, F waves are within the range of normal. This disorder was named acute motor axonal neuropathy characterized pathologically by motor nerve fiber degeneration of variable severity and by sparing of sensory fibers. Recovery is usually complete. We experienced a case of acute axonal motor neuropathy, and reported the case with a review of literature.
Action Potentials ; Axons* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; China ; Extremities ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Paralysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endothelin (ET)-1, a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, has a potential pathophysiologic role in pulmonary hypertension. Bosentan, a dual ET receptor (ET(A)/ET(B)) antagonist, is efficacious in treatment of pulmonary hypertension. The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression of ET-1 and ET receptor A (ERA) genes and to evaluate the effect of bosentan in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated as follows: control (n=36), subcutaneous (sc) injection of saline; MCT (n=36), sc injection of MCT (60 mg/kg); and bosentan (n=36), sc injection of MCT (60 mg/kg) plus 25 mg/kg/day bosentan orally. RESULTS: Serum ET-1 concentrations in the MCT group were higher than the control group on day 28 and 42. Quantitative analysis of peripheral pulmonary arteries revealed that the increase in medial wall thickness after MCT injection was significantly attenuated in the bosentan group on day 28 and 42. In addition, the increase in the number of intra-acinar muscular arteries after MCT injection was reduced by bosentan on day 14, 28 and 42. The levels of ET-1 and ERA gene expression were significantly increased in the MCT group compared with control group on day 5, and bosentan decreased the expression of ET-1 on day 5. CONCLUSION: ET-1 contributes to the progression of cardiopulmonary pathology in rats with MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension. Administration of bosentan reduced ET-1 gene expression in MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.
Animals ; Arteries ; Endothelin-1 ; Endothelins ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Male ; Monocrotaline ; Pulmonary Artery ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Endothelin ; Sulfonamides

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in clinical features, process, and prognosis depending on the presence of secondary aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) in patients with giant cell tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 33 patients who underwent surgery for giant cell bone tumors between March 2009 and April 2013 were selected. Data on clinical features were obtained from medical records and pathological and radiological review, including age, sex, location, and size of the tumor, and Campanacci grade, as well as whether there was any pathological fracture, local recurrence, distant metastasis, or malignant transformation. The Student t-test and Fisher exact test were used for comparison of the differences in clinical features by the presence or absence of ABCs. RESULTS: Local recurrence occurred in 6 of the 33 cases, 3 each were in the groups with and without ABCs; however, the difference was not statistically significant. In total, nine cases had pathological fractures, seven were in the group with ABC and two were in the group without ABC (p=0.013). No statistically significant differences in age, sex, location and size of the tumor, or Campanacci grade were observed between the groups with and without ABCs. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the frequency of local recurrence between the groups with and without ABCs. However, pathological fracture occurred more frequently in the group with ABCs compared to the group without ABCs.
Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone* ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have revealed that sleep duration is linked to both obesity and hypertension. Here, we evaluated the association between sleep duration and hypertension in obese and non-obese premenopausal women using representative national survey data from the Korean population. METHODS: A total of 4,748 subjects over 20 years of age from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2012 were included. To control for risk factors, multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of hypertension across the following sleep duration categories: <6, 6-8, and >8 h/d. RESULTS: Among the participants, 367 subjects (7.7%) had hypertension. Their mean sleep duration was 7 hours. In the non-obese subjects, after controlling for potential confounding variables, the odds ratio for hypertension was 1.86 fold greater in those with a sleep duration of <6 hours (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 3.03) as compared to those who slept for 6.8 hours. However, there was no association between sleep duration and the risk of hypertension in obese subjects. Long sleep duration (over 8 h/d) was not associated with hypertension in either the non-obese or the obese subjects in this study. CONCLUSION: Short sleep duration (less than 6 h/d) may be a significant risk factor for hypertension in non-obese premenopausal women. However, there is no association between sleep duration and the risk of hypertension in obese women.
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: Birthmarks are commonly observed during neonatal period and its prevalence varies between races and countries. Most skin lesions are transient and not require medical treatment. But some birthmarks have potential medical significance and may be the first sign of systemic medical problems. We carried out a prospective study to determine the prevalence of birthmarks in Korean newborn infants. METHODS: From October 2012 to January 2013, 1,964 Korean newborn infants who were born in Cheil General Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine were evaluated for the presence of birthmarks within 48 hours after birth. RESULTS: Among 1,964 newborn infants, 980 (49.9%) infants were male and 984 (50.1%) were female. The most common pigmentary birthmark was Mongolian spot (97.1%), which was mostly presented on sacrogluteal area, and was followed by nevocellular nevi (0.8%), cafe-au-lait spot (0.8%), and sebaceous nevi (0.2%). Among vascular birthmarks, the most common lesion was salmon patch (30.8%), and followed by port-wine stain (0.2%) and hemangioma (0.2%). The common other lesions were sebaceous hyperplasia (37.4%), erythema toxicum neonatorum (10.2%), milia (4.1%), skin appendage (2.6%), anal dimple (1.2%), auricular pit (0.9%), miliaria (0.5%), aplasia cutis congenita (0.2%) in the order of frequency. CONCLUSION: We studied the prevalence of the birthmarks in Korean newborn infants. The most common pigmentary birth mark was mongolian spot, and the most common vascular birthmark was salmon patch in Korean newborn infants.
Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Continental Population Groups ; Ectodermal Dysplasia ; Erythema ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Miliaria ; Mongolian Spot ; Nevus ; Parturition ; Port-Wine Stain ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Salmon ; Skin

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the usefulness and compliance of a hospital-based tabletop exercise in setting of pandemic influenza in hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tabletop exercise was held in Pusan National University Hospital and forty two hospital employees were invited to participate in the exercise. The scenario for hospital-based tabletop exercise was designed. It consisted of three modules, which simulated the influx and outbreak of H5N1 influenza that was epidemic in Southeast Asia. Pre-, post-exercise surveys were completed by anonymous questions. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (88%) of 42 invited participants attended exercise. All members of the administration group and the ancillary services group participated. But, only 77% members of the clinical services group participated. In pre-exercise survey, priorities of eight goals regarding skills and knowledge during exercise were inquired., The highest priorities pointed out by the respondents were "Increase the knowledge of pandemic influenza" (22%), "Development of strategies for optimal communication among employees within specific department" (19%) and "Development of strategies for improved coordination between facilities within the health system" (19%). Twenty-one (57%) of participants completed the post-exercise surveys. At post-exercise surveys, 81% of the participants stated that the tabletop exercise was extremely or very useful, 86% of the participants also stated that it increased their knowledge of pandemic influenza. CONCLUSION: Tabletop exercise is an effective modality for increasing pandemic influenza preparedness in hospitals, and this method is useful for guiding preparedness activities within the hospital environment. Further studies to determine the appropriate method of discussion, questionnaire, duration of exercise and injection are needed.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Asia, Southeastern ; Compliance ; Influenza, Human ; Pandemics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the usefulness and compliance of a hospital-based tabletop exercise in setting of pandemic influenza in hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tabletop exercise was held in Pusan National University Hospital and forty two hospital employees were invited to participate in the exercise. The scenario for hospital-based tabletop exercise was designed. It consisted of three modules, which simulated the influx and outbreak of H5N1 influenza that was epidemic in Southeast Asia. Pre-, post-exercise surveys were completed by anonymous questions. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (88%) of 42 invited participants attended exercise. All members of the administration group and the ancillary services group participated. But, only 77% members of the clinical services group participated. In pre-exercise survey, priorities of eight goals regarding skills and knowledge during exercise were inquired., The highest priorities pointed out by the respondents were "Increase the knowledge of pandemic influenza" (22%), "Development of strategies for optimal communication among employees within specific department" (19%) and "Development of strategies for improved coordination between facilities within the health system" (19%). Twenty-one (57%) of participants completed the post-exercise surveys. At post-exercise surveys, 81% of the participants stated that the tabletop exercise was extremely or very useful, 86% of the participants also stated that it increased their knowledge of pandemic influenza. CONCLUSION: Tabletop exercise is an effective modality for increasing pandemic influenza preparedness in hospitals, and this method is useful for guiding preparedness activities within the hospital environment. Further studies to determine the appropriate method of discussion, questionnaire, duration of exercise and injection are needed.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Asia, Southeastern ; Compliance ; Influenza, Human ; Pandemics ; Surveys and Questionnaires