No abstract available.
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma*

PURPOSE: Although the number of patients with measles have dramatically decreased since the introduction of measles vaccines in 1965, measles outbreaks have occurred periodically every 4-6 years during the 1990s(1989-1990 and 1993-1994). During 2000-2001, measles prevailed all over the country again. A characteristic of current epidemics is that the majority of affected population was infants and school-aged children. This study was designed to analyze the epidemic and clinical features of measles prevalence during 2000-2001 and to find ways to overcome vaccination failure. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 59 patients with mealses admitted in the Pediatric Department of Pusan National University Hospital from January 2000 to October 2001 for patient's age, month of admission, history of vaccination, clinical features and complications. Antibody titers of measles-specific IgM and IgG were measured by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The epidemic show two peaks in the age distribution. Forty three patients(72.9%) were under 2-years of age and 14 patients(23.7%) were over 5-years of age. Outbreaks had high incidence in July to August, 2000 and March to April, 2001, then faded away after July, 2001. Vaccinated group comprised 30.5% and unvaccinated group comprised 69.5% and their mean age was 9.25+/-4.27 years old and 0.95+/-0.30 years old respectively. Positive rate of IgM was 86.7% in vaccinated group and 90.3% in unvaccinated group. This means there was primary vaccine failure; 13 cases of 15 vaccinated patients were positive in IgM antibody. During the prevalence, two patients died with mealses complication. One of them was immunocompromised. CONCLUSION: To prevent another prevalence of measles in the future, we must enhance revaccination at ages 4-6 and check vaccination status when children enter elementary school. These will produce over 95% of herd immunity, with catch-up MMR vaccination which has been completed already.
Age Distribution ; Busan ; Child ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; Immunization, Secondary ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Incidence ; Infant ; Meals ; Measles* ; Prevalence ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

OBJECTIVE: Serotonin transporter(5-hydroxytryptamine transporter, 5-HTT) plays a critical role in the termination of serotonergic neurotransmission into the presynaptic neuron and represents an initial site of uptake inhibiting antidepressants, including tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We investigated the possible association between the 5-HTT gene and major depression, and examined whether there are genotypic characteristics in 5-HTT gene that result in treatment nonresponsiveness to uptake inhibiting antidepressants. METHODS: 5-HTT gene polymorphisms are analyzed with the primers flanking the second intron and regulatory region from genomic DNA. We genotyped 142 patients with major depression and dysthymia, and 252 age and sex matched normal subjects. All individuals were Korean. RESULTS: We found no significant differences in the allele frequency(2 nd intron, p=0.941 : promoter, p=0.122) between patients and controls. However, in association studies between antidepressant responsiveness in depressive patients and allele frequencies of 5-HTT gene polymorphism in intron2 and promoter regions, there was shown significant differences in both(p<0.0001, p=0.0028, respectively by Fisher exact test). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is no major effect of 5-HTT gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to major depressions, while antidepressant nonresponding is related with genotypic alteration in 5-HTT gene.
Alleles ; Antidepressive Agents ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Depression* ; DNA ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Introns ; Neurons ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins* ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Serotonin* ; Synaptic Transmission

BACKGROUND: Notified tuberculosis (TB) cases in Korea have not decreased over the last decade (2001-2010). METHODS: To clarify the reasons, we analyzed an annual report on notified tuberculosis patients and age-specific population drift in Korea. RESULTS: Compared to the age-specific notified TB cases between 2001 and 2010, distinctive features in notified TB cases and new cases increased markedly in people aged 45-54 years and in patients over 65 years old, whereas those between 15-34 years in 2010 decreased drastically. In particular, notified TB individuals over 65 years old occupied 29.6% of the cases in 2010, which was 1.5 times higher than that in 2001. The main reason not to decrease in notified TB patients for the last decade (2001-2010) was due to the increasing elderly population as well as the aging of baby boomers, which have a higher risk of TB development. CONCLUSION: Korea needs to pay attention to the older population in order to successfully decrease the burden of TB in the future.
Aged ; Aging ; Humans ; Korea ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Tuberculosis

The authors studied 16 cases of craniopharyngioma who admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of Dong San Medical center, Keimyung university, during the past 5 years from 1981 to 1985. Of these 16 cases, 9 belonged to a juvenile group with ages under 20 based on full pubertal development, and 7 cases belonged to an adult group. It was observed the difference between the age groups of the clinical, neuroradiogical and histopathopathological findings. Raised ICP symptoms were showed in juvenile group and decreased vision and visual field defect in adult group, respectivelly, as the chief complaint. All cases of the juvenile group were classified as juvenile type and three cases out of seven in the adult group were adult types in their histopathological pattern. Four juvenile types of adult group showed poor outcome. We concluded that subtotal resection with radiotherapy gave a better prognosis in both group and that hormone therapy before and operation decreased mortality and morbidity and improved the quality of survival significantly.
Adult* ; Child* ; Craniopharyngioma ; Humans ; Mortality ; Neurosurgery ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To identify the characteristic ultrasonographic findings of the normal appendix in children in order to detect it more easily and so to exclude acute appendicitis from a diagnosis with more confidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 64 patients presenting with right lower quadrant pain, 44 patients, excluding 15 patients diagnosed as acute appendicitis and 5 patients with non-visualization of the appendix due to severe ileus and obesity, were evaluated for the point of incidence, the thickness and the presence of folding of the inner hypoechoic band of the normal appendix. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 15 years with a mean age of 6.5 years. Two patients were operated on and we correlated the preoperative ultrasonographic findings with the histologic findings. RESULTS: In all the cases of the 44 patients with normal appendix, the inner hypoechoic band was discovered, which was seen as a linear structure without folding along the whole length of appendix. This measured as 0.75 mm (0.3-1.5 mm) for the mean thickness. The inner hypoechoic band corresponded to the mucosal layer that had abundant lymphoid tissue on the histologic examination. CONCLUSION:For the pediatric normal appendix, the inner hypoechoic band without folding is present, and this corresponds to the mucosal layer with abundant lymphoid tissue.
Appendicitis ; Appendix* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Ileus ; Incidence ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Obesity ; Ultrasonography*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Proper finishing and polishing enhance both the esthetics and the longevity of restored teeth. Blade finishing technique would be suited for smoothing and finishing. Evaluation of this technique are necessary. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the blade finishing and polishing procedures on the surface profile and roughness of ormocer-based composite resin and nanohybrid composite resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material included a ormocer-based composite resin (Admira(R) & Admira(R) Flow); a nanohybrid composite resin (Grandio(R) & Grandio(R) Flow). One hundred forty specimens of each group were prepared using a mylar strip and randomly divied into blade finishing and rubber polishing groups (n=10). The average surface roughness (Ra) in micrometers was measured and the surface profile was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Magnification X 200). The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney Test at 0.05 significance level. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the mylar strip produced the smoothest surface on all materials and among the finishing-polishing methods was not significanct difference (P>0.05). Ormocer-based flowable composite resin performedthe lowest variability in initial surface roughness among the tested materials.
Composite Resins ; Esthetics ; Longevity ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Rubber ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness and the accuracy of CT-discography in lumbar disc disease by analyzing the findings of CT-discogram and types of evoked pain during the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT-discograms were retrospectively evaluated in 47 intervertebral discs of 20 patients with multilevel involvement of lumbardisc diseases. In 28 herniated discs confirmed at surgery, the findings of CT-discogram (28 disc levels/20 patients), MRI(23/16) and CT(21/15) were comparatively analysed. The type of pain after infusion of contrast mediaduring CT-discography was compared with that prior to the procedure. RESULTS: The accuracy for determining typesof the herniated lumbar disc when compared with postoperative results was 96.4%(27 discs/28 discs) in the CT-discogram, 82.6%(19 discs/23 discs) in MRI and 71.4%(15 discs/21 discs) in the CT scan. Pains encountered during discography were radiating pain in 12 discs and back pain in 24 discs. CT-discography was especially helpful in 10 patients with multilevel involvement of the lumbar disc diseases to evaluate the exact location of diseased disc(s) that provoked the pain. CONCLUSION: CT-discography is a highly accurate method in diagnosis ofthe herniated lumbar intervertebral discs and is very useful in determining the precise location related to the development of pain in such cases.
Back Pain ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVES: Although previous studies have suggested that Type 1 or Type C personality may be associated with the development of cancer, the results have not been consistent. There have been some evidences that repression, denial, or non-expression of anger are related with the incidence of colorectal cancer. However, according to the results of recent researches, aggressive hostility was related to the development of colorectal cancer. This study attempted to delineate psychological characteristics or personality patterns of the patients with colorectal cancer based on multidemensions of anger and Type 1 personality for cancer development. METHOD: The subjects were composed of 35 patients with colorectal cancer and 37 normal controls. Grossarth-Maticek personality questionnaire and the Spielberger state-trait anger expression inventory were administered. RESULTS: In comparison with the normal control group, the colorectal cancer patient group showed significantly higher scores on anger experience, angry temperament and state anger but no significant differences on Type 1 personality scale and other subscales. In the discriminant analysis patients and control groups were classified by means of state anger, angry temperament, angry reaction, anger-in, anger-out and anger control variables. When angry temperament variable was selected as a discriminant variable, 65.8% of cases had been correctly classified. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested the relationship between the disposition to experience and express anger without particular provocation and the development of cancer.
Anger* ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Denial (Psychology) ; Hostility ; Humans ; Incidence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Repression, Psychology ; Temperament

Orthostatic proteinuria has been recognized as a benign condition with a good prognosis and has not been associated with any underlying glomerular disease. The pathogenesis of orthostatic proteinuria is unclear. Recently, a few foreign reports suggested that the nutcracker phenomenon, which is known as a cause of asymptomatic hematuria, may also be a major cause of orthostatic proteinuria. We report a case of a 12-year-old female patient presenting only with orthostatic proteinuria, who was diagnosed as having nutcracker phenomenon by Doppler study and venography.
Child ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Phlebography ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria* ; Renal Veins