OBJECTIVETo investigate the method and effect of axial pattern myocutaneous flap in reconstructing breast by using color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) technique.

METHODSSuitable axial myocutaneous flaps were selected according to the character of the focus in 26 cases of breast cancer after operation and radiotherapy. All the axial pattern myocutaneous flaps were designed on the basis of traditional design method before operation; then, CDFI with high resolution was used to examine the starting spot, exterior diameter, trail and length of the myocutaneous flaps' major artery. The myocutaneous flaps were redesigned according to the results of CDFI and transferred to reconstruct the breasts. The results of operation and examination were investigated.

RESULTSAccording to the CDFI, only one thoracodorsal artery's blood current was slow, its wall was rough and presented with arteriosclerosis. The blood flow was fluent and the vessel wall was smooth with other supplying arteries in the flaps. And no embolism, sclerosis or absence of blood vessel was found. The starting spots, exterior diameters, trails and anatomic layers of the major supplying arteries of the flaps were displayed clearly with CDFI, in accordance with the results of operation. Twenty-one cases of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, 4 cases of the contralateral transverse abdominis myocutaneous flap and 1 cases of the bilateral transverse abdominis myocutaneous flap were used in this group. The flaps survived and healed well, the breasts were reconstructed well with perfect appearance, shape and sensation.

CONCLUSIONSCDFI is a simple, visualized and noninvasive method for designing the axial pattern myocutaneous flap in breast reconstruction, it can provide more scientific and accurate evidence for preoperative determination of myocutaneous flap transplantation.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Mastectomy ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Ultrasonography, Mammary ; methods

OBJECTIVETo introduce statistical methods of time trend analysis on cancer rates.

METHODSCancer incidence data collected by the Shanghai Cancer Registry during 1991 to 1999 was used in the analysis to calculate the crude and age-adjusted rates, percent changes (PCs) and annual percent changes (APCs). APCs were estimated by a linear regression of the logarithm on the incidence rates during the nine years. It also introduced a method for partitioning a linear trend in age-adjusted rates into site-specific contributions to the overall floating trend. 95% confidence intervals for the APCs and contributions were described in the paper.

RESULTSA decreasing rates were observed for cancers of stomach and esophagus among both men and women in urban Shanghai from 1991 to 1999. The increasing rates among men would include cancers of colon, rectum, gall bladder, pancreas, prostate, urinary bladder, kidney and leukemia. The rates of cancers among women increased for colon, rectum, lung, breast, gall bladder, endometrium, ovary, urinary bladder and kidney. The changes of above cancers over time were statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but rates for other cancer sites changed little. The APCs (weighted method) and contributions for the cancers of stomach, esophagus, colon, rectum and prostate were -2.99% and -65.72%, -2.90% and -17.07%, 12.30% and 21.46%, 2.94% and 18.62%, and 3.11% and 15.09% among men, and -6.05% and -39.55%, -1.08% and -35.19%, 2.81% and 28.64%, and 3.69% and 15.70% for the cancers of stomach, esophagus, breast and colon in women, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAPC, and related statistics could be used to describe and analyze the time trend of cancer rates rather than PC or/and graphical method alone.

Algorithms ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Linear Models ; Male ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Time Factors

Objective:To investigate the relationship between positive rate and titer of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and CD4 + T lymphocyte count level in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients after hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure. Methods:A total of 4 893 HIV-infected patients were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2010 to December 2018. The demographic data, HIV-related diagnosis, treatment information, CD4 + T lymphocyte count and serum markers of HBV infection of HIV infected patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were grouped according to the CD4 + T lymphocyte count and serum markers of HBV infection, and the differences of anti-HBs positive rate and HBV exposure rate in patients with different CD4 + T lymphocyte counts were compared.The differences of CD4 + T lymphocyte count in patients with different titer of anti-HBs were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test, analysis of variance or t test. Results:Patients with HIV infection were divided into CD4 + T lymphocyte count<200/μL group (3 293 cases), 200-500/μL group (1 200 cases) and CD4 + T lymphocyte count>500/μL group (400 cases). The HBV exposure rates in the three groups were 78.0%(2 569/3 293), 77.0%(924/1 200) and 76.2%(305/400), respectively. The anti-HBs positive rates were 38.2%(1 258/3 293), 53.8%(645/1 200) and 62.5%(250/400), respectively. The anti-HBs titers were (120.00±36.45) IU/L, (148.00±26.40) IU/L and (212.00±92.08) IU/L, respectively. The exposure rates of HBV in the three groups were similar ( χ2=0.992, P=0.609), but the positive rates and titers of anti-HBs were significantly different ( χ2=146.779 and F=45.362, respectively, both P<0.01). When the patients were grouped by anti-HBs titer, 2 740 cases were divided into anti-HBs negative group (<10 IU/L), 1 220 cases in low anti-HBs group (10-99 IU/L), 693 cases in medium anti-HBs group (100-499 IU/L) and 240 cases in high anti-HBs group (≥500 IU/L). The CD4 + T lymphocyte count levels of the four groups were (150.00±8.42)/μL, (185.00±7.08)/μL, (243.00±12.07)/μL and (308.00±22.60)/μL, respectively. The overall CD4 + T lymphocyte count levels among the four groups were significantly different ( F=68.479, P<0.01). Among the 90 HIV infected patients who received anti-retroviral therapy (ART), the anti-HBs titer increased from (91.96±21.87) IU/L to (200.76±56.43) IU/L after treatment, and the anti-HBs level before and after treatment was significantly different ( t=-2.542, P=0.035). Among 208 patients with negative HBV markers, no patients had hepatitis B surface antigen switched to positive when monitored for an interval time of (26.2±5.3) months. Conclusions:The risk of HBV exposure in patients with HIV infection is not significantly related to the disease stage, but the positive rate and titer of anti-HBs are significantly positively correlated with CD4 + T lymphocyte count level. The monitoring of anti-HBs and the serum markers of HBV infection in the same individual is conducive to the in-depth understanding of the protective effect of anti-HBs and the scientific evaluation of the risk of infection after HBV exposure.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features of primary subcutaneous lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG). Methods A case of primary subcutaneous LYG was observed by analysis of the clinical, histological features, immunophenotype and molecular pathology with review of the related literature. Results The male patient, 78-year-old, inadvertently found a mass of right axillary for more than 10 days. The boundary of the mass was clear, it seemed to have a capsule, the cut surface was grayish yellow and grayish red, the texture was medium. A large amount of coagulative necrosis was observed in the center of the mass under microscope. The peripheral area showed a morphological change of panniculitis, accompanied by pleomorphic lymphoid infiltration, showed central and vascular destructive infiltration, pathological mitosis was occasionally observed. Immunophenotyping showed that atypical large lymphoid cells expressed CD45 RB, CD20, CD30, while CD3, CD15, CD56, TIA-1, Granzyme B, ALK, CD21, Langerin and CD1 a, S-100 and CK (AE1/AE3) were negative. The proliferation index of Ki-67 ranged from 50％ to 60％. EBER in situ hybridization showed that positive cells were> 20/HPF.Neither acid fast staining nor TB-DNA testing supported tuberculosis. Molecular pathology found clonal Ig K gene rearrangement, TCRB + TCRG gene rearrangement showed the absence of monoclonal proliferating T cell population. Conclusion The primary subcutaneous LYG is a rare tumor. which can be diagnosed by combination of morphology, immunophenotype and molecular pathology.

Objective To explore the relation between hepatitis B virus DNA load and genotype with the level of large envelope protein. Methods Serum HBV DNA was quantitively detected by using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The LHBs were detected by using enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and HBV markers were detected by time differentiate immunofiuorescence assay in 140 serum samples collected from chronic hepatitis B patients. The genotypes of HBV were identified by DNA sequencing; and analyze their relationship. Results There was no significant difference between positive rate of LHBs and that of HBV DNA in HBeAg negative and positive group(P＞0.05); The HBV LHBs absorbency was markedly correlated with the HBV DNA load(R2=0.9267). The difference of HBV LHBs absorbency between HBV genotype B and C was not significant. Conclusions The close correlation between HBV LHBs absorbence and HBV DNA load illustrated that he level of serum LHBs can be used to estimate the state of HBV replication; and there is no relationship between HBV LHBs absorbency and genotypes. So HBV LHBs may be used as a new serological marker to detect HBV replication.

OBJECTIVENucleostemin (NS) is a GTP-conjugated protein located in the nucleoli of stem cells and some cancer cells, and maintains cell self-renewal. We aimed to evaluate NS as a potential target for lung carcinoma gene therapy by investigating NS gene expression and its effect on A549 cell proliferation.

METHODSNS mRNA and protein expression in A549, HepG2, SMMC-7721, HeLa, and U251 cells was analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting following transfection of NS siRNAs and negative control siRNA (NC). The effect on cell proliferation was also analyzed by MTT assays.

RESULTSNS mRNA and protein were both expressed in A549 cells and four other tumor cell lines; the relative expression levels were similar in all five cell lines. The three pairs of NS siRNA, either transfected alone or cotransfected into A549 cells, could effectively inhibit the expression of NS mRNA and protein. Moreover, the interference ratio showed an obvious concentration-dependent relationship. NS siRNA treatment resulted in significant inhibition of A549 cell proliferation by 35.7%.

CONCLUSIONNS gene was not only highly expressed but also played an important role in A549 cell proliferation. Thus, targeting of NS may be a promising novel strategy for the treatment of lung carcinoma.

Carcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Feasibility Studies ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological effects of vaccine immunization program related to A(H1N1)influenza in the middle school students.Methods Non-randomized clinical trial was designed to assess the A(H1N1)influenza vaccine on its efficacy.14883 students from 8 middle schools in Zhejiang province were recruited and classified into vaccinated or control groups,based on the status of immunization with A(H1N1)influenza vaccine.All subjects were followed up through one epidemic period(6 months)and the incidence rates of influenza-like illnesses,A(H1N1)influenza,and seasonal influenza in these two groups were compared to evaluate the efficacy of the vaccine.Results There were 6334 subjects in the vaccinated group and 8549 in the control group.7441.75 person-years were followed from these two groups.The incidence rate of A (H1N1)influenza in vaccinated group was 1.64‰ per person-year,lower than that of the control group.The rate difference(RD)was-1.64‰ per person-year(95% confidence interval value from-3.04‰ to-0.23‰ per person-year),and the difference was significant(P=0.010).The incidence rate of influenza-like illnesses in vaccinated group was 21.47‰ per person-year,lower than that of the control group(22.69‰ per person-year)and the diffefence was not significant(P>0.05).The incidence rate of B influenza in vaccinated group was 6.63‰ per person-year,higher than that of control group(7.02‰ per person-year)but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion This vaccine demonstrated a good epidemiological effect against the A(H1N1)influenza virus infection,observed through a student-immunization program.The cross-protection effect against the influenza-like illnesses and other seasonal influenzas was not noticed in this study.

Animals ; Chemokine CCL2 ; analysis ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; administration & dosage ; Indoles ; administration & dosage ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; analysis ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tetrazoles ; administration & dosage ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Valine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Valsartan

BACKGROUNDTo serially observe the pathologic changes in livers of tree shrews and macaca assamensises infected with HHBV.

METHODS10 adult tree shrews and 28 macaca assamensises were inoculated with HBV rich human sera. The liver of the animals were regularly biopsied. The liver samples were examined histopathologically by HE staining. Some samples were stained for HBsAg by immunohistochemistry (IH), and HBV DNA by in situ hybridization (ISH).

RESULTSHBsAg in 80% of tree shrews infected with HHBV can be detected by IH, HBV DNA in 50% of those can be found by ISH.The positive rates of HBsAg in macaca assamensises' livers were 25% by IH, none HBV DNA was detected.

CONCLUSIONThe tree shrew model seems to be applicable for the research of human hepatitis B.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; physiology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; virology ; Macaca ; Male ; Tupaiidae

Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Axons ; Brain ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescence ; Gene Library ; Half-Life ; HEK293 Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lingual Nerve ; Microscopy ; Models, Animal ; Molar, Third ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Growth Factor ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neural Conduction ; Neurons ; Peripheral Nerves ; Rats ; Regeneration ; RNA, Messenger ; Schwann Cells ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sucrose ; Tongue ; Transfection ; Transplants