Diseases in Twins ; Epilepsy ; complications ; Epiphyses, Slipped ; etiology ; Femur Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

With inlet temperature, specific gravity, feeding speed as independent variables, the comprehensive evaluating indexes of content of schisandrin and arctiin as dependent variable, the experimental data were fitted to a second order polynomial equation. Based on establishing the mathematical relationship between the comprehensive evaluating indexes and respective variables, Box-Benhnken central composite test and response surface analysis method was employed to optimize the spray drying technology of Biqiu granules ethanol extract. The optimal drying parameter was as follows: the inlet temperature was 175 degrees C, the specific gravity was 1.10, feeding speed was 32 r x min(-1). Under these conditions, the comprehensive evaluating indexes of spraying dry processes was 92.68, which was close to the model prediction. The spraying dry technology of Biqiu granules ethanol extract optimized by response surface methodology was accurate and feasible, which provided theoretical experiment basis for the industrialization production.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ethanol

First with the qualified rate of granules as the evaluation index, significant influencing factors were firstly screened by Plackett-Burman design. Then, with the qualified rate and moisture content as the evaluation indexes, significant factors that affect one-step pelletization technology were further optimized by Box-Behnken design; experimental data were imitated by multiple regression and second-order polynomial equation; and response surface method was used for predictive analysis of optimal technology. The best conditions were as follows: inlet air temperature of 85 degrees C, sample introduction speed of 33 r x min(-1), density of concrete 1. 10. One-step pelletization technology of Biqiu granules by Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken response surface methodology was stable and feasible with good predictability, which provided reliable basis for the industrialized production of Biqiu granules.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Temperature

In the present study, terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique was applied to assess the diversity and tissue distribution of the fungal endophyte communities of Alpinia officinarum collected from Longtang town in Xuwen county, Guangdong province, China, at which the pharmacological effect of the medicine plant is traditional considered to be the significantly higher than that in any other growth areas in China. A total of 28 distinct Terminal-Restriction Fragment (T-RFs) were detected with HhaI Mono-digestion targeted amplified fungal nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region sequences (rDNA ITS) from the root, rhizome, stem, and leaf internal tissues of A. officinarum plant, indicating that at least 28 distinct fungal species were able to colonize the internal tissue of the host plant. The rDNA ITS-T-RFLP profiles obtained from different tissues of the host plant were obvious distinct. And the numbers of total T-RFs, and the dominant T-RFs detected from various tissues were significantly different. Based on the obtained T-RFLP profiles, Shannon's diversity index and the Shannon's evenness index were calculated, which were significantly different among tissues (P < 0.05). Furthermore, two types of active chemicals, total volatile oils by water vapor distillation method and galangin by methanol extraction-HPLC method, were examined in the each tissue of the tested plant. Both of tested components were detected in all of the four tissues of the medicine plant with varying contents. And the highest was in rhizome tissue. Correlation analysis revealed there were significant negative correlations between both of the tested active components contents and calculated Shannon's diversity index, as well as the Shannon's evenness index of the fungal endophyte communities of the host plant (P = 0, Pearson correlation coefficient ≤ -0.962), and significant positive correlations between both of the tested active components contents and 325 bp dominant T-RF linkage to Pestalotiopsis (P = 0, Pearson correlation coefficient ≥ 0.975). In conclusion, A. officinarum is colonized by diverse fungal endophytes communities. The diversity of the fungal endophytes was found in the A. officinarum varied with differences of the tissue types of the host plants and was closely correlated with the accumulation of main active components, total volatile oils and galangin contents in the host plant tissue.
Alpinia ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Biodiversity ; China ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Endophytes ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Objective To evaluate the changes in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of cervical cancer over the past 50 years, and explore appropriate treatment corresponding to these changes. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 1557 patients with invasive cervical cancer treated between January, 1955 and December, 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.Results and Conclusions The average age of cervical cancer onset gradually decreased over the past 50 years, from 56.27±8.45 in 1955-1964 to 43.81±8.9 years in 1995-2004, whereas the ratio of young (≤35 years old) patients rose from 3.42% to 24.91%. The ratio of early clinical stage (stages Ⅰ - Ⅱ ) and non-squamous cancer also steadily increased (P＜0.05,respectively). The tumor stage, pathological type and rate of lymph node metastasis were all significantly different among different age groups (P＜0.05). In particular, the young (≤ 35 years old) group had evidently higher ratios ofnon-squamous and advanced stage (Ⅲ- Ⅳ) cancers with a higher rate of lymphatic metastasis in comparison with other age groups (P＜0.01,respectively). Because of the changes in epidemiology and clinical characteristics of cervical cancer, it is necessary to modify the conventional treatment regimens and explore reasonable therapy corresponding to these changes. Preservation of reproductive endocrine function ought to be fully considered in cervical cancer treatment in women at childbearing age.Neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy is an useful method for cervical cancer treatment at present.

Objective To evaluate the changes in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of cervical cancer over the past 50 years, and explore appropriate treatment corresponding to these changes. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 1557 patients with invasive cervical cancer treated between January, 1955 and December, 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.Results and Conclusions The average age of cervical cancer onset gradually decreased over the past 50 years, from 56.27±8.45 in 1955-1964 to 43.81±8.9 years in 1995-2004, whereas the ratio of young (≤35 years old) patients rose from 3.42% to 24.91%. The ratio of early clinical stage (stages Ⅰ - Ⅱ ) and non-squamous cancer also steadily increased (P＜0.05,respectively). The tumor stage, pathological type and rate of lymph node metastasis were all significantly different among different age groups (P＜0.05). In particular, the young (≤ 35 years old) group had evidently higher ratios ofnon-squamous and advanced stage (Ⅲ- Ⅳ) cancers with a higher rate of lymphatic metastasis in comparison with other age groups (P＜0.01,respectively). Because of the changes in epidemiology and clinical characteristics of cervical cancer, it is necessary to modify the conventional treatment regimens and explore reasonable therapy corresponding to these changes. Preservation of reproductive endocrine function ought to be fully considered in cervical cancer treatment in women at childbearing age.Neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy is an useful method for cervical cancer treatment at present.

It is unanimously accepted that stroke is a highly heterogeneous disorder.Different subtypes of ischemic stroke may have different risk factors,clinical features,and prognoses.The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors,clinical characteristics,and prognoses of different subtypes of ischemic stroke defined by the Trial of ORG10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria.We prospectively analyzed the data from 530 consecutive patients who were admitted to our hospital with acute ischemic stroke within 7 days of stroke onset during the study period.Standardized data assessment was used and the cause of ischemic stroke was classified according to the TOAST criteria.Patients were followed up till 30 and 90 days after stroke onset.It was found that large-artery atherosclerosis was the most frequent etiology of stroke (37.4％),and showed the highest male preponderance,the highest prevalence of previous transient ischemic attack,and the longest hospital stay among all subtypes.Small artery disease (36.4％) was associated with higher body mass index,higher plasma triglycerides,and lower plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than cardioembolism.Cardioembolism (7.7％),which was particularly common in the elderly (i.e.,individuals aged 65 years and older),showed the highest female preponderance,the highest prevalence of atrial fibrillation,the earliest presentation to hospital after stroke onset,the most severe symptoms on admission,the maximum complications associated with an adverse outcome,and the highest rate of stroke recurrence and mortality.Our results suggest that ischemic stroke should be regarded as a highly heterogeneous disorder.Studies involving risk factors,clinical features,and prognoses of ischemic stroke should differentiate between etiologic stroke subtypes.

This study was aimed to investigate the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in pigs with hemorrhagic shock after the blood transfusion simultaneously combined with different doses of free hemoglobin (FHb) so as to provide guidance of banked blood with high concentration of FHb during war injury through understanding effect of FHb on the animals. The different doses of FHb were given intravenously during the recovery of pig from shock, the vital signs and functional changes of vital organs were monitored and the incidence of MODS was determined, as well as the serum specimens were collected and the TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels in serum were detected by ELISA. The results showed that there were statistical differences of serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in pigs after FHb 10 mg/kg infusion, as compared to shock control group. There was significantly difference of the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 after FHb 15 mg/kg infusion, compared to the control group. The incidence of MODS increased significantly. It is concluded that the blood infusion containing high dose (more than 10 mg/kg) of FHb influences significantly on the cytokines in pigs with hemorrhagic shock, and increases damage of cytokines to vital organs and the incidence of MODS. The tolerance dose of the pigs to free hemoglobin is about 10 mg/kg or so. The infusion of blood with less than 10 mg/kg is relatively safe for pig in hemorrhagic shock.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Multiple Organ Failure ; etiology ; Serum ; metabolism ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; blood ; Swine ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo develop a scoring system to measure the severity of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

METHODSThe clinical data of patients with MODS were collected and analyzed prospectively. Seven indicators were screened out to assess the functions of seven organs. Each indicator was scored from 0 to 4 points, with the 0 point representing the normal organ function, and 1 point to 4 points representing the dysfuntion to failure of the organ. Acording to the index and points a severity scoring system were developed.

RESULTSSeven indicators including the systolic pressure, oxygenation index, conscious state, peripheral blood platelet count, blood total bilirubin, and serum creatinine were used to represent the functions of seven organs. The seven organs included cardiovascular system, lung, brain, coagulative system, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. The severity scoring system were composed of seven indicators and their points. The total score was 24 points. The mortality increased along with the increase of the points (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONThis scoring system can be used to assess the severity of the MODS.

Humans ; Multiple Organ Failure ; diagnosis ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Severity of Illness Index

BACKGROUNDFunctional neuroimaging study has opened an avenue for exploring the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH). The aim of our study was to assess the changes in brain activity in CH patients by the regional homogeneity method using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging technique.

METHODSThe functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained for 12 male CH patients with spontaneous right-sided headache attacks during "in attack" and "out of attack" periods and 12 age- and sex-matched normal controls. The data were analyzed to detect the altered brain activity by the regional homogeneity method using statistical parametric mapping software.

RESULTSAltered regional homogeneity was detected in the anterior cingulate cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, and other brain regions involved in pain processing and modulation among different groups.

CONCLUSIONIt is referred that these brain regions with altered regional homogeneity might be related to the pain processing and modulation of CH.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cluster Headache ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult