No abstract available.
Child ; *Choroid ; Humans ; Macula Lutea ; *Tomography, Optical Coherence

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes that has a lifetime prevalence of 0.4–5.5%. The neurochemical mechanism of BD is not fully understood. Oxidative stress in neurons causes lipid peroxidation in proteins associated with neuronal membranes and intracellular enzymes and it may lead to dysfunction in neurotransmitter reuptake and enzyme activities. These pathological processes are thought to occur in brain regions associated with affective functions and emotions in BD. The relationship between the number of manic episodes and total oxidant-antioxidant capacity was investigated in this study. METHODS: Eighty-two BD patients hospitalized due to manic symptoms and with no episodes of depression were enrolled in the study. Thirty of the 82 patients had had their first episode of mania, and the other 52 patients had had two or more manic episodes. The control group included 45 socio-demographically matched healthy individuals. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) measurements of the participants were performed. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by TOC/TAC. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in OSI scores between BD patients with first-episode mania and BD patients with more than one manic episode. However, OSI scores in both groups were significantly higher than in the control group. TOC levels of BD patients with first-episode mania were found to be significantly higher than TOC levels of BD patients with more than one manic episode and healthy controls. There were no significant differences in TAC levels between BD patients with first-episode mania and BD patients with more than one manic episode. TAC levels in both groups were significantly higher than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Significant changes in oxidative stress indicators were observed in this study, confirming previous studies. Increased levels of oxidants were shown with increased disease severity rather than with the number of manic episodes. Systematic studies, including of each period of the disorder, are needed for using the findings indicating deterioration of oxidative parameters.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Brain ; Depression ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Membranes ; Mood Disorders ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Oxidants ; Oxidative Stress* ; Pathologic Processes ; Prevalence

Objective: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a serious public health problem affecting both the individual and the society, and substance use-related deaths and disability have been shown to increase gradually. Recent etiologic studies have reported that there is a relation between inflammatory parameters and psychiatric disorders. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) used as an indicator of inflammation have been shown to be increased in various psychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the NLR and PLR in adolescents with SUD. Methods: This study was conducted by retrospectively examining the records of 55 male adolescents who were followed up with SUD in a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic between November 2019−June 2020. Patients who had comorbid psychiatric disorder were included, and those who received any psychotropic medication were excluded. A total of 61 healthy male adolescents in the same age range without any psychiatric disorders were recruited as a control group. Neutrophil-lymphocyte-platelet counts were noted retrospectively from complete blood tests, and NLR-PLR were calculated. Results: The NLR and PLR of adolescents with SUD were significantly higher than the healthy adolescents (p ＜ 0.01, p ＜ 0.01, respectively). In addition, conduct disorder, depression, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which were determined as the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders had no effects on NLR (p = 0.513, p = 0.584, p = 0.394, respectively) and PLR (p = 0.210, p = 0.346, p = 0.359, respectively). Conclusion The results of current study indicate that inflammatory processes may have a key role in the pathophysiology of SUD.

Purpose: We analyzed the surgical results of patients who were treated and followed up for prostate cancer in our clinic to predict the relationship between periprostatic adipose tissue and patients with and without pathologically upstaged disease. Materials and Methods: The study included patients who had undergone robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and preoperative multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging between 18 February 2019 and 1 April 2022. The patients were divided into two groups, and the surgical and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy pathology results were compared according to tumor grade and distribution in 124 patients who met the selection criteria. We analyzed the relationships between upgrading/upstaging and periprostatic adipose tissue thickness (PPATT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SATT) as measured in magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The median PPATT was 4.03 mm, whereas the median SATT was 36.4 mm. Upgrading was detected in 45 patients (36.3%), and upstaging was detected in 42 patients (33.9%). A receiver operating characteristic regression analysis revealed that a PPATT >3 mm was a predictive factor for upstaging after radical prostatectomy (area under curve=0.623, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.519–0.727, p=0.025). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that prostate specific antigen density ≥0.15 ng/mL/cm 3(odds ratio [OR] 5.054, 95% CI 2.008–12.724, p=0.001), International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥4 (OR 9.369, 95% CI 2.109–21.626, p=0.003) and higher PPATT (OR 1.358, 95% CI 1.081–1.707, p=0.009) were independent risk factors for upstaging after radical prostatectomy. Conclusions We believe that the PPATT may be a predictive indicator for upstaging after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: We analyzed the surgical results of patients who were treated and followed up for prostate cancer in our clinic to predict the relationship between periprostatic adipose tissue and patients with and without pathologically upstaged disease. Materials and Methods: The study included patients who had undergone robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and preoperative multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging between 18 February 2019 and 1 April 2022. The patients were divided into two groups, and the surgical and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy pathology results were compared according to tumor grade and distribution in 124 patients who met the selection criteria. We analyzed the relationships between upgrading/upstaging and periprostatic adipose tissue thickness (PPATT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SATT) as measured in magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The median PPATT was 4.03 mm, whereas the median SATT was 36.4 mm. Upgrading was detected in 45 patients (36.3%), and upstaging was detected in 42 patients (33.9%). A receiver operating characteristic regression analysis revealed that a PPATT >3 mm was a predictive factor for upstaging after radical prostatectomy (area under curve=0.623, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.519–0.727, p=0.025). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that prostate specific antigen density ≥0.15 ng/mL/cm 3(odds ratio [OR] 5.054, 95% CI 2.008–12.724, p=0.001), International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥4 (OR 9.369, 95% CI 2.109–21.626, p=0.003) and higher PPATT (OR 1.358, 95% CI 1.081–1.707, p=0.009) were independent risk factors for upstaging after radical prostatectomy. Conclusions We believe that the PPATT may be a predictive indicator for upstaging after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: We analyzed the surgical results of patients who were treated and followed up for prostate cancer in our clinic to predict the relationship between periprostatic adipose tissue and patients with and without pathologically upstaged disease. Materials and Methods: The study included patients who had undergone robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and preoperative multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging between 18 February 2019 and 1 April 2022. The patients were divided into two groups, and the surgical and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy pathology results were compared according to tumor grade and distribution in 124 patients who met the selection criteria. We analyzed the relationships between upgrading/upstaging and periprostatic adipose tissue thickness (PPATT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SATT) as measured in magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The median PPATT was 4.03 mm, whereas the median SATT was 36.4 mm. Upgrading was detected in 45 patients (36.3%), and upstaging was detected in 42 patients (33.9%). A receiver operating characteristic regression analysis revealed that a PPATT >3 mm was a predictive factor for upstaging after radical prostatectomy (area under curve=0.623, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.519–0.727, p=0.025). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that prostate specific antigen density ≥0.15 ng/mL/cm 3(odds ratio [OR] 5.054, 95% CI 2.008–12.724, p=0.001), International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥4 (OR 9.369, 95% CI 2.109–21.626, p=0.003) and higher PPATT (OR 1.358, 95% CI 1.081–1.707, p=0.009) were independent risk factors for upstaging after radical prostatectomy. Conclusions We believe that the PPATT may be a predictive indicator for upstaging after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: We analyzed the surgical results of patients who were treated and followed up for prostate cancer in our clinic to predict the relationship between periprostatic adipose tissue and patients with and without pathologically upstaged disease. Materials and Methods: The study included patients who had undergone robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and preoperative multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging between 18 February 2019 and 1 April 2022. The patients were divided into two groups, and the surgical and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy pathology results were compared according to tumor grade and distribution in 124 patients who met the selection criteria. We analyzed the relationships between upgrading/upstaging and periprostatic adipose tissue thickness (PPATT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SATT) as measured in magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The median PPATT was 4.03 mm, whereas the median SATT was 36.4 mm. Upgrading was detected in 45 patients (36.3%), and upstaging was detected in 42 patients (33.9%). A receiver operating characteristic regression analysis revealed that a PPATT >3 mm was a predictive factor for upstaging after radical prostatectomy (area under curve=0.623, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.519–0.727, p=0.025). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that prostate specific antigen density ≥0.15 ng/mL/cm 3(odds ratio [OR] 5.054, 95% CI 2.008–12.724, p=0.001), International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥4 (OR 9.369, 95% CI 2.109–21.626, p=0.003) and higher PPATT (OR 1.358, 95% CI 1.081–1.707, p=0.009) were independent risk factors for upstaging after radical prostatectomy. Conclusions We believe that the PPATT may be a predictive indicator for upstaging after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.