Employment ; Employment, Supported ; methods ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; rehabilitation ; Prejudice ; Rehabilitation, Vocational ; methods ; Return to Work ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Social Stigma ; Unemployment ; statistics & numerical data

Recently, increased emphasis has been placed on the need for rehabilitation professionals to objectively evaluate a patient's potential for and progress toward a return to normal function. But as medical recovery nears completion, additional questions are commonly asked by physicians regarding work function and ability to return to full active employment. In the past, therapists have attempted to reestablish the work situation using real tools, but these machines were expensive, have space limitations and in some cases, potentially dangerous as well. A Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment(BTE) Work Simulator overcomes these shortcomings. It can be used for isometric and isotonic evaluation and treatment and assisted in providing the information needed to make determinations regarding progress in therapy, return-to-work status and job modifications. We are going to obtain normative isometric, dynamic and endurance of grip strength, key pinch strength and three point pinch strength data using BTE Work Simulator model WS20. We also compare these data between ages and sexs. This study will be helpful in clinical applications of the BTE Work Simulator and providing the more specific job related occupational therapy and developing special vocational rehabilitation program.
Employment ; Hand Strength* ; Occupational Therapy ; Pinch Strength* ; Rehabilitation ; Rehabilitation, Vocational ; Return to Work

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate differences in unmet dental care needs according to employment status and if factors have relevance to unmet dental care needs due to "economic burden" and "no time to spare for visiting". METHODS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors that affected the prevalence of unmet dental care needs due to "economic burden" and "no time to spare for visiting" in an economically active population comprised of subjects aged 20-64 years. RESULTS: Compared to regular workers, part-time workers experienced 1.28-times more unmet dental care needs, while students experienced 0.64-times fewer unmet dental care needs. With regard to reasons related to "economic burden", the rate of experiencing unmet dental care needs was 1.37-times higher for part-time workers than for regular workers. Regarding reasons related to "no time to spare for visiting", the rate of experiencing unmet dental care needs was 0.51-times lower in part-time workers compared with regular workers. In economically inactive people, these values were 0.51-times lower in the unemployed, 0.37-times lower in students, 0.23-times lower in house workers, 0.20-times lower in subjects with disease and injury, and 0.20-times lower in early retirees compared to regular workers. CONCLUSIONS: Part-time workers experienced more unmet dental care needs compared with regular workers. With regard to "economic burden", a significant difference in unmet dental care needs was observed between regular workers and part-time workers. Additionally, regarding "no time to spare for visiting", people who were economically inactive because of unemployment, student or house-worker status, diseases and injury, and retirement experienced fewer unmet dental care needs compared with regular workers.
Dental Care* ; Employment* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Prevalence ; Retirement ; Unemployment

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the job characteristics (work demand, decision latitude, and job insecurity) and psychosocial stress levels of typical workers in the parent firm, to those of atypical workers in subcontracted firms. In addition the risk factors for psychosocial stress of atypical workers are evaluated. METHOD: The study design was cross-sectional, and 1,713 shipbuilding workers (681; typical workers, 1,032; atypical workers) were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the general characteristics, job characteristics and psychosocial stress levels. We used the chi-square test for univariate and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, there were significant differences in smoking, hobby, insufficient sleeping, work hours per week, quitting, unemployment, job demand, job decision latitude and job insecurity. The job strain was significantly higher in the atypical workers than in the typical workers. The proportion of iso-strain groups was significantly greater in the atypical workers than typical workers. Using psychosocial stress as the dependent variable, multiple regression models were estimated. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, unemployment, quitting, employment type, job demand, job decision latitude and job insecurity were all found to be significantly associated with psychosocial stress. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that the psychosocial stress of atypical workers is related to job characteristics such as job insecurity and labor flexibility.
Employment ; Hobbies ; Humans ; Parents ; Pliability ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Unemployment

OBJECTIVE: Symptomatic remission have substantial effects in long-term schizophrenia outcome, but exact determinants of the employment. In this study, the relationship between employment and symptomatic remission in chronic schizophrenia patients and other factors related to employment were investigated.METHODS: 100 patients interviewed were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Functional Recovery Scale in Schizophrenia (FROGS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Quality of Life Scale (QoL) and Subjective Recovery Assessment Scale (SubRAS). Sociodemographic variables, clinical features, antipsychotic dose and past working history obtained from patient interviews were investigated.RESULTS: The patients of 40% who participate in the study were symptomatic remission, but only 53.5% of these patients weren’t employed. Young age, especially, -regardless of the onset of illness- working a job in the past, low and moderate use CPED (equivalent doses according to chlorpromazine), shorter disease duration, symptomatic remission was found to be closely related to employment. While QoL, FROGS, GAF, and SubRAS total scores of employment group were higher than the unemployment group, PANSS total scores in the unemployment group were higher than that of the employment group. There was a high correlation between the scales and employment status.CONCLUSION: Employment status was closely related with the remission status. This study supports that symptomatic remission alone is not decisive for employment. It was found that younger age, past working history (before or after the disease), low and intermediate CPED antipsychotic use and shorter duration of disease were closely related to employment with symptomatic remission.
Employment ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Schizophrenia ; Unemployment ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: This research was conducted to investigate workers'return to work rate after work-related injury or illness and to determine which factors could predict return to work and job retention. METHODS: From the documents held by the six local branches of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation(KLWP), 2,464 cases of work-related injury or illness which had telephone numbers were identified from September to December, 2003. Data about the employment status was gained from 921 occupationally injured workers through telephone questionnaire and was merged with the electronic data obtained from KLWP with included information of the workers whose worker's compensation period was ended from 2002 to 2004. Finally the data for 516 workers was analysed by logistic regression using SAS 9.0. RESULTS: The return to work rate was 50.3% and the job retention rate was 28.3%. Decreased return to work rate was associated with old age, shorter employment duration, longer treatment duration, higher disability grade, lower average wage and manual worker. Decreased job retention rate was associated with a smaller number of employees, shorter employment duration and work in the construction industry. CONCLUSIONS: This research highlighted the numerous occupationally injured workers who couldn't return to work and the multiple factors that were associated with the return to work or job retention. Based on this and related research, rehabilitation programs which consider the issues of return to work and job retention have to be implemented.
Construction Industry ; Employment ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Occupations ; Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Return to Work* ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Telephone ; Workers' Compensation

BACKGROUND: The success of an injury intervention program can be measured by the proportion of successful return to work (RTW). This study examined factors of successful return to employment among workers suffering from work-related injuries. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Social Security Organization, Malaysia database consisting of 10,049 RTW program participants in 2010–2014. The dependent variable was the RTW outcome which consisted of RTW with same employer, RTW with new employer or unsuccessful return. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to test the likelihood of successful return with same employer and new employer against unsuccessful return. RESULTS: Overall, 65.3% of injured workers were successfully returned to employment, 52.8% to the same employer and 12.5% to new employer. Employer interest; motivation; age 30–49 years; intervention less than 9 months; occupational disease; injuries in the lower limbs, upper limbs, and general injuries; and working in the manufacturing, services, and electrical/electronics were associated with returning to work with the same employer against unsuccessful return. Male, employer interest, motivation, age 49 years or younger, intervention less than 6 months, occupational disease, injuries in the upper limbs and services sector of employment were associated with returning to new employer against unsuccessful return. CONCLUSION: There is a need to strengthen employer commitment for early and intensified intervention that will lead to improvement in the RTW outcome.
Case Management* ; Employment* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lower Extremity ; Malaysia ; Male ; Motivation ; Occupational Diseases ; Rehabilitation ; Return to Work ; Social Security ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: Medical institutions and their patients benefit from continued employment of nurses. In this study an assessment was done of important factors that influence nurses' intention to leaving their jobs. METHODS: The sample consisted of 229 university hospital nurses. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé, Pearson's Correlation Analysis, and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. RESULTS: The control variables, including age, current position, and health status explained 18% (F=16.37, p<.001) of variance in retention intention. The control variables, bullying, job stress, self-esteem, and burnout collectively explained 27% of variance in retention intention. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the factors influencing retention intention are age, current position, and health status, while self-esteem and burnout in work places are new and more recent factors that impact retention intention. These findings can be utilized to develop strategies to increase self-esteem and retention intention.
Bullying* ; Employment ; Humans ; Intention* ; Nursing* ; Workplace

BACKGROUND: Pelvic ring fractures (PRFs) may influence the daily activities and quality of life of the injured. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the functional outcomes and factors related to return to work (RTW) after PRF. METHODS: During the years 2003–2012, 282 injured individuals aged 20–55 years on the date of the accident, were hospitalized and treated for PRFs in a large tertiary hospital in Athens, Greece. One hundred and three patients were traced and contacted; 77 who were on paid employment prior to the accident gave their informed consent to participate in the survey, which was conducted in early 2015 through telephone interviews. The questionnaire included variables related to injury, treatment and activities, and the Majeed pelvic score. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used for statistical assessment. RESULTS: Almost half of the injured (46.7%) fully RTW, and earning losses were reported to be 35% after PRF. The univariate analysis confirmed that RTW was significantly related to accident site (labor or not), the magnitude of the accident's force, concomitant injuries, duration of hospitalization, time to RTW, engagement to the same sport, Majeed score, and complications such as limp and pain as well as urologic and sexual complaints (p < 0.05 for all). On multiple logistic regression analysis, the accident sustained out of work (odds ratio: 6.472, 95% confidence interval: 1.626–25.769) and Majeed score (odds ratio: 3.749, 95% confidence interval: 2.092–6.720) were identified as independent predictive factors of full RTW. CONCLUSION: PRFs have severe socioeconomic consequences. Possible predictors of RTW should be taken into account for health management and policies.
Employment ; Greece ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Interviews as Topic ; Logistic Models ; Occupational Health ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Return to Work* ; Sports ; Tertiary Care Centers

OBJECTIVE: To assess prosthetic use by upper extremity amputees, and their difficulties with prostheses in activities of daily living and occupations. METHOD: This study is based on a survey of 307 subjects, who were using prostheses manufactured in the Center of Prosthetics and Orthotics. The survey questionnaire included items about general demographic characteristics, side and level of amputation, type of prosthesis and its use, and difficulties in the activities of daily living, employment and driving. RESULTS: The most common type of prosthesis was the cosmetic hand type (80.2%). There were no statistically significant correlations between satisfaction with prosthesis and the amputation level or type of prosthesis. The most common difficulties in daily living activities experienced by amputees were lacing shoes, removing bottle-tops with a bottle opener, and using scissors. Only 7.3% of amputees received rehabilitation services. Less than half of the amputees (44.7%) used their prostheses for eight or more hours a day, and 76.9% used their prostheses for regular or irregular cosmetic purposes. After amputation, most of the respondents (69.0%) became unemployed or changed workplaces. CONCLUSION: In our study, respondents preferred cosmetic usage to functional usage. Only 30.0% of respondents reported satisfaction with their prostheses. Many of the amputees had difficulties in complex tasks and either changed jobs or became unemployed. Clerical workers were the occupation group, which was most likely to return to work. The development of a more functional prosthetic hand and additional rehabilitation services are required.
Activities of Daily Living ; Amputation ; Amputees ; Cosmetics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Employment ; Hand ; Humans ; Occupations ; Prostheses and Implants ; Return to Work ; Shoes ; Upper Extremity ; Surveys and Questionnaires