PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to discover the influence of the working conditions on women workers' occupational stress. METHODS: Descriptive method is used to identify women's stress depending on their general working features and conditions by conducting a survey of them in women-dominated service industries. SPSS 18.0 program is used for data analysis and descriptive statistics is presented with standard deviation, frequency and percentage. chi2-test is used as an analysis tool. To figure out factors that influence their stress, logistic regression analysis is used for general features and working conditions as independent variables, and occupational stress as a dependent variable. RESULTS: As a result, among the independent variables, employment status, weekly working hours, career, shiftwork, and work-family-balance are meaningful factors that influence their stress. Temporary workers' stress is 3.65 times higher (p<.001), and workers working over 48 hours a week have 1.97 times higher stress (p<.003). Workers with over 5 years' career are under 1.73 times higher stress (p<.046) and shift workers are under 3.51 times higher stress (p<.001). Work family balance results in 1.93 times higher stress (p<.009). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to seek how to prevent and manage women workers' stress considering features.
Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study examined to explore factors influencing on employment stress of university students. METHODS: The data were collected by structured questionnaires to students who agreed to be the subjects of this study. And 230 cases were finally analyzed. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Significant differences revealed in age, department of major, residental type and school year on employment stress by general characteristics. Also, employment stress showed negative correlation with self-esteem, and satisfaction in major. Self-esteem and satisfaction in major, department of major were confirmed as a factors influencing on employment stress and accounted for 36% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Further studies that discover factors influencing on employment stress of university students are needed, and also practical programs are necessary to decrease employment stress of university students.
Employment* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate influences on employment preparation in dental hygiene students. METHODS: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 386 dental hygiene students in South Korea from November 1 to 30, 2016. For data analysis, the study used independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression analysis among others. RESULTS: Students with higher grades tended to have major satisfaction, instruction participation, and employment preparation (P < 0.001). Higher parental monthly income was related to higher major satisfaction (P < 0.001). Employment preparation was significantly positively related to major selection motive, major satisfaction, and instruction participation. CONCLUSIONS: In order to encourage dental hygiene students to prepare for employment, it is necessary to create a better academic environment and develop a variety of employment preparation education programs. I think that the active interest of the country, society, school, and family will have a positive impact on employment preparation.
Education ; Employment ; Humans ; Korea ; Oral Hygiene ; Parents ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: To determine effects of job-seeking stress on perimenstrual symptoms of female college students with health and non-health related majors and mediating effects of stress coping styles. METHODS: Data were collected from 189 female college students who were juniors or seniors. This study was conducted using questionnaires on job-seeking stress, perimenstrual symptoms, and stress coping styles. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS, version 23.0. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test. RESULTS: Job-seeking stress was significantly and positively correlated with perimenstrual symptoms in non-health college students. Passive stress coping styles demonstrated a complete mediating effect on the relationship between job-seeking stress and perimenstrual symptoms of those with non-health related majors (β=0.31, p=.002). Such effect was significant (Sobel test; Z=2.06, p=.039). CONCLUSION: Effects of job-seeking stress on perimenstrual symptoms were mediated by passive stress coping styles of non-health related major students. Based on findings of this study, effective stress cope strategies should be developed considering characteristics of majors to manage perimenstrual symptoms of female college students with high job-seeking stress.
Employment ; Female* ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Methods ; Negotiating* ; Statistics as Topic ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: This study was done to compare suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, illness and self-esteem in elderly people who live alone or live with family. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected through questionnaires from 190 elderly people living alone and 188 elderly people living with family. Data analysis was done with SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULTS: The scores for suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness and illness of elderly people who live alone were higher than the scores of elderly people who live with family. Self-esteem in elderly people who live alone was lower than that of elderly people who live with family. There were significant differences in suicidal ideation of elderly people who live alone according to the demographic factors of frequency of social contact, disturbance of sleep, and status of employment. There were significant differences in suicidal ideation of elderly people who live with family according to the demographic factor of disturbance of sleep. CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that elderly people who live alone are at higher risk for suicidal ideation than elderly people who live with family. Provision of services to reduce suicidal ideation is especially important for elderly people who live alone.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Depression ; Employment ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicidal Ideation

PURPOSE: This study was a secondary data analysis aimed at identifying the predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the home-dwelling disabled person by using EQ-5D which is a standardized instrument used as a measure of health outcome. METHODS: Data were drawn from the 3rd Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW). Subjects were 1,021 home-dwelling disabled persons over 19 years of age. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: HRQoL (Health Related Quality of Life) is differentiated within age, genders, educational level, employment status, economic status, types and grades of disability, health problems associated with limited mobility, and the limited duration of time. HRQoL is correlated with age, number of cohabiters, educational level, grades of disability, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental ADL (IADL). HRQoL is significantly associated with ADL, health problems in connection with limited mobility, employment status, types of disability, marital status, grades of disability, and the limited duration of time. These factors explained 63.7% of variance in HRQoL. CONCLUSION: HRQoL among the disabled is related to their characteristics, ADL, and IADL. For this reason, it is necessary to develop health programs to promote those variables required to improve HRQoL.
Activities of Daily Living ; Disabled Persons ; Employment ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Quality of Life ; Statistics as Topic

This study was carried out to investigate the job characteristics and relationships between general charactristics and job satisfaction of the dietician in community health center. The subjects were 40 dieticians who responded to the questionnaire distributed at the annual education program in 1997. Statistival data analysis was completed using SAS packge program for frequencies, means, chi-square-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of this study acn be summarizd as follows. 45.0% of the dieticians were 26 to 30 years old, four-year-course university graduates were 75.0% and daily workers were 72.5% The level of hte job satisfaction of the dietician in community health center was the highes in the relationship with colleagues. The other parts of job satisfaction such as effects of nutrition counselling and education, value achievement as a dietician, general work and supervision by supervisors were above average, The general characteristics such as the age, the level of education, employment conditions, working hours per week and total length of service were significantly to all fields of job satisfaction except general work.
Adult ; Community Health Centers* ; Education ; Employment ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction* ; Nutritionists* ; Organization and Administration ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation that exists between quality of life and self-efficacy of schizophrenic patients, focusing on the influence of related factors on these varables. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 151 schizophrenic patients. The data were collected using questionnaires. The instruments used for this study were the general self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer & Maddex (1982), the specific self-efficacy scale modified and complemented by these co-researchers on the basis of the past studies and modified SIP by Voruganti (1996). The period of data collection was from July. 2000 to Jan. 2001. Data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULT: 1. The level of self-efficacy showed a mean score of 60.0 and the level of quality of life, a mean score of 47.0. 2. The general characteristics affecting the self-efficacy of schizophrenic patients were staying with family (p=0.05) and employment (p=0.00). 3. The general characteristics affecting the quality of life of schizophrenic patients were staying with family (p=0.04), employment (p=0.05) and duration of illness (0.03). 4. A positive correlation was identified between self-efficacy and quality of life (r=-0.469, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The study suggests that nursing intervention strategy should be worked out to develop a psychiatric rehabilitation program that can promote self-efficacy and thus enhance the quality of life of schizophrenic patients.
Complement System Proteins ; Data Collection ; Employment ; Humans ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Schizophrenia ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emotional labor and self-efficacy on psychosocial stress of nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlation study design was used. The participants were 186 nurses from two general hospitals in Jeju Island, South Korea. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data including data on emotional labor, self-efficacy, and psychosocial stress. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Approximately 98% of the participants were categorized as having potential and high risk stress levels. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that employment status, surface-acting, and self-efficacy explained 37.0% of psychosocial stress and self-efficacy was the main factor influencing psychosocial stress. CONCLUSION: Nursing administrators should understand that nurses suffer from high risk stress and emotional labor. To reduce the psychosocial stress of nurses, there is needed to improve stressful work conditions such as irregular employment, decrease surface-acting, and improve self-efficacy.
Administrative Personnel ; Employment ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether working married women in different occupational classes affected diverse health outcomes. METHODS: We used data for married women aged 25-59 (N=2,273) from the 2005 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Outcome measures included physical/mental and subjective/objective indicators (self-rated poor health, chronic diseases, depression, and suicidal ideation from reported results; metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia from health examination results). Age-standardized prevalence and logistic regression were employed to assess health status according to three types of working groups (housewives, married women in manual jobs, married women in non-manual jobs). Sociodemographic factors (age, numbers of children under 7, education, household income) and health behaviors (health examination, sleep, rest, exercise, smoking, drinking) and a psychological factor (stress) were considered as covariates. RESULTS: Non-manual married female workers in Korea showed better health status in all five health outcomes than housewives. The positive health effect for the non-manual group persisted in absolute (age-adjusted prevalence) and relative (odds ratio) measures, but multivariate analyses showed an insignificant association of the non-manual group with dyslipidemia. Manual female workers showed significantly higher age-adjusted prevalence of almost all health outcomes than housewives except chronic disease, but the associations disappeared after further adjustment for covariates regarding sleep, rest, and stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that examining the health impact of work on married women requires the consideration of occupational class.
Adult ; Employment/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Behavior ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Marital Status/*statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Occupations/*statistics & numerical data ; Stress, Psychological ; *Women's Health