Self-induced pneumoparotitis is a rare cause of swelling of the parotid gland. It has been reported to be a result of psychosomatic disorder, unintentional habit, and it is sometimes self-induced by patients to achieve secondary gain. We report a case of a 18-year-old man who had a self-induced pneumoparotitis complicated by recurrent parotitis, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. With repeated behavior of insufflation, parotid acini may rupture and air may extend into the retropharyngeal space, causing pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. In self-induced cases, treatment should necessitate psychologic therapy for behavior modification.
Adolescent ; Behavior Therapy ; Humans ; Insufflation ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Parotid Gland ; Parotitis ; Pneumothorax ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Rupture ; Subcutaneous Emphysema

Subcutaneous emphysema is the local tissue swelling caused by the gas entering the subcutaneous tissue through the tissue gap. Although subcutaneous emphysema is usually a nonfatal and self-limited disease, in severe cases, the gas may spread to the neck, mediastinum and chest, resulting in mediastinal emphysema and other serious complications. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema related to dental therapy,and operations that may cause subcutaneous emphysema in stomatology department,as well as the treatment and prognosis of subcutaneous emphysema, with a view to providing some references for dentists.
Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Mediastinal Emphysema/pathology* ; Subcutaneous Emphysema/therapy* ; Neck/pathology* ; Face

Vacuum-assisted closure therapy is an alternative method for a massive subcutaneous emphysema treatment. It is easily applicable and shows rapid effectiveness in massive subcutaneous emphysema, intractable with chest tube drainage.
Chest Tubes ; Drainage ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Subcutaneous Emphysema

A case of extensive pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema is presented, after endotracheal intubation with a metallic endotracheal tube during laser epiglottectomy. A 69 year old woman had a laser tube intubation-related tracheal injury. The patient was managed with intubation and chest tube insertion as well as antibiotic treatment. The patient made a full and uncomplicated recovery and was discharged 10 days after the original injury. Aggressive surgical repair for such injuries is not always mandatory. In the absence of infectious complications, a conservative approach is an option for lesions 3 cm above the carina where it is possible to inflate a cuff. Urgent chest CT scanning subsequently can confirm extensive mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema and probable tracheal laceration. The use of a laser tube during laser laryngeal microsurgery requires meticulous care.
Chest Tubes ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lacerations ; Laser Therapy ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Microsurgery ; Rupture ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; Thorax

Drainage ; methods ; Electrocardiography ; Emphysema ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pyelonephritis ; diagnosis ; therapy

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a critical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Although several medications are available, there are no definite treatments. However, recent advances in the understanding of stem and progenitor cells in the lung, and molecular changes during re-alveolization after pneumonectomy, have made it possible to envisage the regeneration of damaged lungs. With this background, numerous studies of stem cells and various stimulatory molecules have been undertaken, to try and regenerate destroyed lungs in animal models of COPD. Both the cell and drug therapies show promising results. However, in contrast to the successes in laboratories, no clinical trials have exhibited satisfactory efficacy, although they were generally safe and tolerable. In this article, we review the previous experimental and clinical trials, and summarize the recent advances in lung regeneration therapy for COPD. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations and future perspectives of this emerging field.
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Drug Therapy ; Emphysema ; Lung* ; Models, Animal ; Mortality ; Pneumonectomy ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Regenerative Medicine ; Retinoids ; Stem Cells

Pulmonary mucormycosis is an uncommon fungal opportunistic infection found mainly in immunosuppressed patients or in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. A case of pulmonary mucormycosis complicated by pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in small cell lung cancer has not yet been reported to date. A 61-year-old patient with a small cell lung cancer was in a course of clinical improvement with chemotherapy until the development of new bilateral lung lesions after the fourth round of chemotherapy. After diagnosing mucormycosis by a transbronchial lung biopsy of the new lesions, the condition of the patient improved with amphotericin B treatment, but radiographic cavitations of mucormycosis persisted. After 2.4 months of administering oral itraconazole medication, additional chemotherapy was performed due to cancer progression. Mucormycosis developed complicated by pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema, which resulted from fistula formation of the cavity lesion of the left side into the mediastinum. The patient died of a fungal sepsis despite a surgical resection of the left lesion.
Amphotericin B ; Biopsy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drug Therapy* ; Fistula ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Lung ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Mucormycosis* ; Opportunistic Infections ; Sepsis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Subcutaneous Emphysema*

PURPOSE: To compare high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of bronchiectasis caused by tuberculosis and due tocauses other than tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the HRCT findings of 93patients with bronchiectasis (in 40 patients caused by tuberculosis, and in 53 due to nontuberculous causes).Diagnostic bases for tuberculous bronchiectasis were positive sputum AFB or the presence of radiological findingsof pulmonary tuberculosis, plus a history of antituberculous chemotherapy. HRCT findings were analyzed andcompared in terms of disease extent, site, type, distribution of bronchiectasis, severity of bronchial dilatation,and bronchial wall thickening . RESULTS: Compared with nontuberculous bronchiectasis, the tuberculousbronchiectasis group showed more frequent upper lobe involvement, varicose type bronchiectasis, fibrotic band andcalcification, adjacent pleural thickening, bronchovascular distortion, and paracicatricial emphysema (p<0.05).The nontuberculous bronchiectasis group more frequently involved the lower lobe and showed a higher frequency ofcystic type bronchiectasis (p<0.05). The two groups showed no differences in the frequency of bilateral orwidespread involvement and in the severity of bronchial wall thickening and bronchial dilatation. CONCLUSION: Inpatients with bronchiectasis, HRCT findings of upper lobar distribution, fibrotic changes and calcification,traction or varicose type bronchiectasis, bronchovascular distortion, paracicatricial emphysema, and adjacentpleural thickening suggesta tuberculous origin.
Bronchiectasis* ; Dilatation ; Drug Therapy ; Emphysema ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Emphysema ; Female ; Humans ; Male