OBJECTIVE: Self-esteem and self-consciousness are important determinants of behaviors. This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-esteem and self-consciousness in adolescents using the eye-tracking measurement. METHODS: Fifty-five adolescents with high self-esteem and 58 adolescents with low self-esteem participated in self-consciousness-related eye-tracking experiments of selecting happy, disgusted, and angry facial emotions while recognizing one's own usual expressions and the others' usual expressions toward oneself. RESULTS: When recognizing one's own, adolescents with high self-esteem showed significantly more selection counts and longer fixation time for ‘happy’ than adolescents with low self-esteem. When recognizing the others', adolescents with low self-esteem showed significantly more selection counts and longer fixation time for ‘disgusted’ and ‘angry’ than adolescents with high self-esteem. CONCLUSION: These suggest higher self-esteem is connected to more positive identification of one's usual expressions and others' usual expressions toward oneself. There is a close relationship among low self-esteem, suppressing positive emotions, decreased psychological adjustment, and increased negative emotions.
Adolescent ; Emotional Adjustment ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between nursing professionalism, academic emotional regulation, and college life adjustment level and to identify the influence of nursing professionalism and academic emotional regulation on college life adjustment. METHODS: Data collection was conducted with 142 junior and senior nursing college students using structured self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between nursing professionalism, academic emotional adjustment, and college life adjustment. The significant predictors of overall college life adjustment were major satisfaction, nursing professionalism, and academic emotional regulation. The significant predictors of clinical practice adjustment were gender, major satisfaction, and nursing professionalism. CONCLUSION: When developing a program to improve college life adjustment in nursing college students, it is necessary to find ways to improve nursing professionalism and academic emotional regulation as well as major satisfaction.
Data Collection ; Emotional Adjustment ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Professionalism* ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVES: This study was coperinducted with the aim of prediction of marital satisfaction based on emotional intelligence for postmenopausal women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was the descriptive-correlation and with a sample size of 134 people to predict marital satisfaction based on emotional intelligence for postmenopausal women was conducted in the Borujen city. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included an emotional intelligence questionnaire (Bar-on) and Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS: The results of this study showed a significant positive relationship between marital satisfaction and emotional intelligence (P < 0.05, r = 0.25). Also, regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence (β = 0.31) can predict positively and significantly marital satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the positive relationship between emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction, adequacy of emotional intelligence is improved as important structural in marital satisfaction. So it seems that can with measuring emotional intelligence in reinforced marital satisfaction during menopause, done appropriate action.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data Collection ; Emotional Adjustment ; Emotional Intelligence* ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Personal Satisfaction ; Sample Size

OBJECTIVE: Peer relationships are one of the important factors in children's development. The present study examines the relationship between the effects of early peer relationships and adolescent psychological adjustment. METHODS: The first survey took place from 1998 to 2000, and a follow-up assessment obtained data in 2006, as the original participants reached 13-15 years of age. The first assessment used the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) and simple questions about peer relationships to evaluate the participants. The follow-up assessment administered the Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR). RESULTS: Children's peer relationships have longitudinal effects on mental health and adjustment. Children who had qualitative peer-relation problems were more likely to exhibit internalizing problems as adolescents. CONCLUSION: Children who have poor peer relationships might become more vulnerable to emotional problems and social adjustment as adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Emotional Adjustment ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mental Health* ; Self Report ; Social Adjustment

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of depression on the survival of patients with cancer over a 10 year period. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted to examine survival of 218 patients with stomach, colorectal and breast cancer, who had been treated for cancer from 2002 to 2011. Depression was assessed by using the Symptom Check List-90 Revision in 2002, and hope, fighting spirit and other potential confounders were also measured to control for their effects on the association between depression and the survival time. Data on survival were collected from the Statistics Korea and also from medical record in 2011. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to examine if depression affected survival. RESULTS: The total number of death was 106, and the non-survivors scored higher on depression than survivors. Depression was found to be one of the influencing factors on survival from cancer. CONCLUSION: Depression was significantly associated with the increased risk of death in cancer patients. Further research is needed to identify in details which type of emotional interventions can extend the survival time of cancer patients in depression.
Emotional Adjustment ; Breast Neoplasms ; Depression* ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; Survivors

The psychological understanding of alcoholism requires understanding of the treatment modalities of alcoholism since the beginning of the last century. With its emphasis on the 12-step recovery principles, the movement of Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) and its relative treatment success in outcomes has maintained an unrivaled position in the treatment of alcoholics. AA has also created an anti-medical and depsychologizing tradition that has left little room today for medicine and psychiatry to intervene. Medical services have provided treatment and care only for the physical and mental complications of alcoholism, leaving addiction itself to the hands of AA. In addiction and recovery processes, however, psychological factors exert significant influences. The addictive personality that comes from typical cognitive, emotional, perceptive, and behavioral addictive changes is a challenging obstacle in every recovery process. It is vitally important for the recovering addicts to receive psychological help for their emotional vulnerabilities from drinking of long duration, and also for various problems in their personal characteristics that had existed before addiction. Relapse, in particular, depends largely on the failure of psychological adjustment. It is time to repsychologize alcoholism and to bring the treatment of alcoholism back to medicine. Psychiatry must develop comprehensive treatment strategies of a biopsychosociospiritual model for alcoholic patients.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Drinking ; Emotional Adjustment ; Hand ; Humans ; Psychology ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine whether psychological distress of infertile women would differ according to demographic and infertility characteristics, and psychosocial variables such as neuroticism, self-esteem, coping style, and dyadic communication patterns. METHODS: A total of 466 infertile Korean women attending four infertility clinics and being recruited through an online survey center participated in the study. Psychological distress was assessed using the Korean version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients, a one-way analysis of variance, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Overall psychological distress among infertile women did not differ significantly from that of healthy adult groups. However, infertile women who were of younger age or in the treatment preparation or rest period were shown to have a higher level of psychological distress. Hierarchical regression analyzes showed that after controlling demographic and infertility characteristics, psychosocial variables such as neuroticism, self-esteem, active/passive avoidance coping, and dyadic demanding/withdrawn communication patterns explained 52.5 % of psychological distress. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that a high-risk group is characterized with high neuroticism, low self-esteem, avoidance coping, and dyadic demanding/withdrawn communication pattern. There is a crucial need for developing an intervention which addresses infertile women's coping styles and marital communication.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Emotional Adjustment ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Female

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge structure of Asian Oncology Nursing (AON) from 2002 to 2018.METHODS: Abstracts from 382 studies were reviewed and analyzed using the text network analysis program, NetMiner 4.3. Keywords network trends were compared before and after 2012 when the journal title changed from Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing to Journal of Asian Oncology Nursing.RESULTS: ‘Cancer,’ ‘patient,’ ‘quality of life,’ ‘breast,’ ‘nurse,’ ‘depression,’ ‘health,’ ‘nursing,’ ‘pain,’ ‘family’ were the top 10 most frequent keywords, and ‘cancer,’ ‘patient,’ ‘quality of life,’ ‘health,’ ‘nursing,’ ‘family,’ ‘intervention,’ ‘effect,’ ‘hospital,’ and ‘therapy’ were the dominant keywords that ranked highest in co-appearance frequency. Core keywords changed before and after 2012. After 2012, depression, health, symptom and pain were the keywords ranked that replaced nursing, education, family, and intervention from before 2012. Four subtopic groups were identified: 1) cancer treatment, education and information, 2) chemotherapy and psychological adjustment, 3) psychosocial adjustment of cancer survivors, and 4) process of cancer intervention and support.CONCLUSION: This study provides a general overview of research trends of the Asian Oncology Nursing Society. Findings of this study may guide future research directions in Asian Oncology Nursing research.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Emotional Adjustment ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Research ; Oncology Nursing ; Survivors

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to report the incidence of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to identify psychosocial risk factors posttraumatically affecting the severity of PTSD symptoms, to compare the pattern of symptom changes over time, and to find early self-rated measures for the prediction of chronic PTSD in the patients physically injured by motor vehicle accident. METHOD: One-hundred-and-four motor vehicle victims, who were systematically recruited for the study of Kim et al(1998), were reevaluated through interview and questionnaire after twenty-four months. Clinician Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spiel-berger State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Impact of Event Scale(IES), questions about socioen-vironmental experiences after accident, and The Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC) were included in follow-up assessment. Of these subjects, 68 victims participated in CAPS interview and only 54 victims finished CAPS Interview, and questionnaire. The subjects with PTSD at initial and follow-up assessment were classified as the chronic PTSD group, subjects who recovered from PTSD at follow-up assessment were classified as the recovered group, and subjects who did not meet criteria for PTSD at initial and follow-up assessment were classified as the non-PTSD group. RESULTS: The prevalence of PTSD in motor vehicle victims was 39.8% in follow-up assessment. Compensation of disabilities, return to previous job and financial difficulty were associated with chronicity and poor psychological adjustment of PTSD. In total group of victims, PTSD symptoms that appeared at initial assessment were improved or disappeared at follow-up assessment. However, avoidance and numbing symptoms significantly increased in chronic PTSD group and "acting or feeling as if event were recurring" and "exaggerated startle response" were not recovered over time in recovered group. Only IES at initial assessment showed significant differences among Non-PTSD, PTSD and recovered group. BDI, STAI-II, active coping and passive coping at follow-up assessment showed significant differences among three groups. IES at initial assessment contributed 18.6% to CAPS variance at follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study showed a high risk of developing PTSD among physically injured victims after motor vehicle accident. Risk factors such as event severity, compensation of disabilities, return to previous job and financial difficulty were identified. High IES score at initial assessment was regarded as major factor affecting chronic PTSD.
Emotional Adjustment ; Anxiety ; Compensation and Redress ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Motor Vehicles* ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*

PURPOSE: To identify needs for pregnancy and postpartum adaptation of Chinese immigrant women and Vietnamese immigrant women in South Korea. METHODS: A descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected from 244 Chinese immigrant women and Vietnamese immigrant women from 3 provinces, 20 health care centers, and multi-cultural family support centers. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: An average score for needs perceived by Chinese immigrant women was significantly higher than that perceived by Vietnamese immigrant women. There were significantly differences in physical and emotional adaptation after childbirth, nutrition during pregnancy, cross cultural understanding and personal respect, and adaptation daily activity during pregnancy between the 2 groups. The highest score of needs in Chinese immigrant women was for nutrition during pregnancy and that in Vietnamese immigrant women was for baby rearing and family support. CONCLUSION: Based on needs of pregnancy and postpartum adaption, nursing intervention program in consideration of cultural characteristics of Chinese immigrant women and Vietnam immigrant women need to be developed for their pregnancy and postpartum health care.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cultural Characteristics ; Delivery of Health Care ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Emotional Adjustment ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Needs Assessment ; Nursing ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Research Design ; Vietnam